Makhoba

Xa uqala ukuyijonga, iminenga ifana neentlanzi. Noko ke, zizilwanyana ezanyisayo eziziqhelanise ngokupheleleyo nobomi basemanzini. Aze: Kukho nomphathi werekhodi.

iimpawu

Ikhangeleka njani iminenga?

Umzimba womnenga ulungelelaniswa kwaye imilenze yangaphambili yenziwe ibe ngamaphiko. Iintlobo ezininzi zeminenga nazo zinephiko emqolo, elibizwa ngokuba yi-fin. Iintlobo zomntu ngamnye ziyakwazi ukwahlula ngokulula ngokuma kwazo. Noko ke, ezinye iindidi ezifana nesperm whale azinaphiko. Umsila womnenga uguqulwa ube yi-caudal fin enkulu, ebizwa ngokuba yi-fluke. Isetyenziselwa ukuhambisa. Ifluke ilungelelaniswa ngokuthe tye emzimbeni kwaye hayi ngokuthe nkqo njengentlanzi - njengakukrebe.

Umzimba wonke womnenga ugutyungelwe ngumaleko oshinyeneyo we-blubber, i-blubber. Ikhusela izilwanyana kwingqele. Kwiminenga emikhulu, i-blubber inokufikelela kwiisentimitha ezingama-50 ubukhulu. Intloko yomnenga inde. Oku kuphawuleka ngakumbi kwiminenga ye-baleen, eneentloko ezinkulu kakhulu ezinemihlathi emikhulu. Ibhali lihlala emhlathini. Ezi pleyiti zophondo zifana nekama, zenza isixhobo sokuhluza okanye sokuhluza esisetyenziswa zizilwanyana ukuhluza iplankton emanzini. Njengoko igama labo libonisa, iminenga enamazinyo inamazinyo emlonyeni.

Iimpumlo zeminenga ziphinde zabunjwa zibe yimingxuma evuthela umoya. Iminenga enamazinyo inomngxuma omnye kwaye iminenga inemibini. Imingxuma yokuvuthela ingaphezulu kwentloko phezu kwamehlo. Iminenga iphefumla kule mibhobho. Iminenga enamazinyo ikwabonisa iqhubu eliqhelekileyo entloko, into ebizwa ngokuba yimelon. Iqukethe umoya kunye namafutha kwaye isetyenziselwa ukunyakamisa emanzini kunye nokuveliswa kwezandi. Iindlebe zeminenga zilele ngaphakathi entloko kwaye azivuleki ngaphandle. Amehlo asecaleni lentloko.

Ihlala phi iminenga?

Iminenga inokufumaneka kuzo zonke iilwandle zehlabathi. Ezinye iintlobo ezifana neminenga ebulalayo, iminenga eluhlaza, okanye iminenga i-humpback ihlala phantse kuzo zonke iilwandle, ezinye zenzeka kuphela kwiindawo ezithile. Ngokomzekelo, ihlengesi likaHector lihlala kuphela kwiindawo ezikunxweme lwaseNew Zealand.

Phantse yonke iminenga ihlala elwandle. Okushiyekileyo kuphela ziintlobo ezimbalwa zeedolphin zasemlanjeni ezihlala emilanjeni, oko kukuthi kumanzi acocekileyo. Umzekelo yihlengesi lomlambo iAmazon. Eminye iminenga ihlala kumanzi angekho nzulu elunxwemeni, eminye kwiindawo ezinzulu zolwandle. Eminye iminenga efana neBryde's whale ihlala kuphela kulwandle olushushu, eminye ifana nenarwhal kuLwandlekazi lweArctic. Iintlobo ezininzi zeminenga ziyafuduka: zizalela amantshontsho azo kulwandle olushushu olushushu. Emva koko baye bafudukele kulwandle olusingqongileyo olutyebileyo ukuze batye ungqimba lwamatye aluhlaza.

Zeziphi iindidi zeminenga ekhoyo?

Izinyanya zeminenga yayizizilwanyana ezincancisayo zasemhlabeni ezafudukela kubomi basemanzini malunga nezigidi ezingama-50 zeminyaka eyadlulayo kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe zaguqukela ekubeni zizilwanyana ezincancisayo zaselwandle. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba iminenga inento yokwenza nezilwanyana eziziincanca. Esona salamane sazo sisondeleyo emhlabeni yimvubu.

Namhlanje kukho malunga ne-15 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeminenga ye-baleen kunye neentlobo ezingama-75 zeminenga enamazinyo. Iindidi ezingama-32 zeminenga zihlala kwiilwandle zaseYurophu. Ama-25 yiminenga enamazinyo, esixhenxe yiminenga yebaleen. Owona mnenga mkhulu yi-blue whale, olona didi luncinci lweminenga ngamahlengesi, amanye awo anobude obungeesentimitha ezingama-150.

Ezi ndidi zilandelayo ziphakathi kweyona minenga yaziwayo: Umnenga iblue whale sesona silwanyana sikhulu esakha sahamba emhlabeni. Ikhula ibe ziimitha ezingama-28, ngamanye amaxesha ide ifikelele kwiimitha ezingama-33 ubude, kwaye inobunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezingama-200. Xa kuthelekiswa, iindlovu ziphantse zibe khaphukhaphu: zinobunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezintlanu kuphela.

Umnenga oluhlaza uhlala kuMntla weAtlantiki, kwiPasifiki, kuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya naseAntarctica. Isigebenga sisemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuphela namhlanje, kusele kuphela izilwanyana ezimalunga nama-4000. Phezu kwako nje ukuba mkhulu, umnenga oluhlaza utya iiplankton ezincinane, oononkala abancinane neentlanzi ezincinane, ezizihluza emanzini. Uyakwazi ukuntywila kubunzulu obuziimitha ezili-150. Ngobude be-18 ukuya kwi-23 yeemitha kunye nobunzima beetoni ezingama-30 ukuya kuma-60, i-whale i-fin whale isilwanyana sesibini ngobukhulu. Inokufumaneka kuzo zonke iilwandle zehlabathi kwaye inokuntywila ukuya kutsho kuma-200 eemitha ubunzulu. Usengozini kakhulu.

Iminenga enobude obuziimitha ezili-15 kwaye inobunzima obuziitoni ezili-15 ukuya kwezingama-20. Bahlala kumantla eikhweyitha kwiAtlantiki nakwiPasifiki nakuLwandlekazi lwaseIndiya. Zinokutsibela kude kakhulu emanzini. Isilwanyana ngasinye sinokwahlulwa ngokujongwa okuqhelekileyo kwiintsila zazo zomsila. Xa bentywila ukusuka phezulu ukuya enzulwini, bajika imizimba yabo ibe yi-hump, kungoko igama labo.

Iminenga engwevu ziimitha ezili-12 ukuya kwezili-15 ubude kwaye inobunzima obuziitoni ezingama-25 ukuya kwezingama-35. Zifumaneka kuphela kwiPasifiki. Bahamba kangangeekhilomitha ezingama-20,000 xa befuduka. Iminenga engwevu idla ngokubonwa kufutshane nonxweme. Unokubaqonda ngokulula ngento yokuba umzimba wabo ulawulwa zii-barnacles. Iminenga ebulalayo ibonwa lula ngeempawu zomzimba ezimnyama namhlophe kunye nebhabhathane elide emqolo. Ziziimitha ezintlanu ukuya kwezilishumi ubude kwaye zinobunzima obuziitoni ezintathu ukuya kwezilishumi.

Mingaphi iminyaka iminenga?

Iintlobo zeminenga zihlala kwiminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Iidolphin ezifana nehlengesi laseLa Plata zihlala iminyaka emalunga nama-20, ngelixa iminenga yesidoda inokuphila phakathi kwama-50 kunye ne-100 leminyaka.

Ziphathe

Iphila njani iminenga?

Njengazo zonke izilwanyana ezanyisayo, iminenga iphefumla ngemiphunga ngoko ke kufuneka ize kumphezulu wamanzi ukuze iphefumle. Kodwa unokuntywila ixesha elide kakhulu. Uluhlu lusuka kwimizuzu embalwa ukuya kwimizuzu engama-40. Umnenga obizwa ngokuba yi<em>sperm whale unokuhlala ngaphantsi kwamanzi kangangemizuzu engama-60 ukuya kuma-90. Ngokwe-avareji, iminenga intywila malunga ne-100 yeemitha ubunzulu, iminenga yamadlozi ide ifike kuma-3000 eemitha.

Iminenga inokudada ngokukhawuleza. Umnenga oluhlaza, umzekelo, uqhele ukuhamba nge-10 ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezingama-20 ngeyure kodwa unokufikelela kwisantya seekhilomitha ezingama-50 ngeyure xa usongelwe. Oku kunokwenzeka, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuba iminenga inentliziyo enamandla kakhulu, esasaza ioksijini eyifunxa kakuhle kuwo wonke umzimba. Basenokutshintshisa ukuya kutsho kuma-90 ekhulwini omoya okwimiphunga yabo ngokuphefumla nje omnye. Kwisilwanyana esanyisayo, li-15 ekhulwini kuphela.

Iminenga ikhupha ioksijini ephindwe kabini kumoya eyiphefumlayo njengezilwanyana ezincancisayo zasemhlabeni kwaye iyakwazi ukugcina ioksijini emizimbeni yazo. Bakwathoba izinga lokubetha kwentliziyo kunye nokuhamba kwegazi xa bentywila, ngoko basebenzisa ioksijini encinci. Xa iminenga iphefumla ngemingxunya yayo, ikhupha umoya ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi bangaphandle, ukufuma okuqulethwe kumoya ofudumeleyo we-37-degree. kwaye uhlobo lomthombo wenkungu wenziwa into ebizwa ngokuba yimvuthe. Kwiminenga enemingxuma emibini yokuvuthela, isibetho sihlala simile okwe-v. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, i<em>sperm whale, enomngxuma omnye nje wokuvuthela, iphuma nge-engile yee-degrees ezingama-45 ukuya ngaphambili ngasekhohlo. Ngomnenga omkhulu oluhlaza, isibetho sinokufikelela kwiimitha ezilishumi elinesibini ukuphakama. Ngoko ke eminye iminenga unokuyibona ukude ngokubetha kwayo.