UMary Allen
Kwi-aquarium hobby, yonke into ixhomekeke kumaxabiso amanzi etankini. Ukuba bahambelana nabemi be-pool, yonke into iya kuchuma, kodwa ukuba ixabiso liphuma kwi-balance, yonke inkqubo isongela ukubhukuqa. Apha ungafumanisa ukuba ngawaphi amaxabiso afuna ukwahlulwa kwaye uwagcine njani phantsi kolawulo.
Amanzi Akasoloko Amanzi
Kwindalo, kukho inkitha yeendawo zokuhlala apho izidalwa eziphantsi kwamanzi zi-cavort. Ukusuka kulwahlulo olurhabaxa olunjengamanzi olwandle okanye amanzi acocekileyo, umntu unokwenza amanyathelo amancinci, umzekelo ngokwahlulahlula "kwi-reef", "amanzi avulekileyo" kunye "namanzi amdaka"; kwimeko yamanzi acocekileyo, ubani udibana neendidi ezinjengamanzi “amileyo” okanye “amanzi aqukuqelayo anemisinga enamandla”. Kuzo zonke ezi ndawo zokuhlala, amanzi anexabiso elithile, elixhomekeke kwizinto ezifana neempembelelo zemozulu, izakhi, kunye nongcoliseko lwendalo kunye ne-inorganic.
Ityala eliKhethekileyo: IiNqobo zaManzi kwi-Aquarium
Ukuba sijonga kwihlabathi kwi-aquarium, yonke into iba yinto ekhethekileyo ngakumbi. Ngokuchasene nendalo, i-basin yinkqubo evaliweyo, engaphantsi kwefuthe lendalo kunye nemozulu; Emva koko, i-pool isendlini kwaye ayibonakali emoyeni kunye nemozulu. Elinye inqaku sisixa esincinci samanzi: Ngenxa yomthamo omncinci wamanzi, iimpazamo ezincinci, iimpembelelo okanye utshintsho luchaphazela amaxabiso amanzi kakhulu kunokuba kuya kuba njalo, umzekelo, kwichibi le-300m² - singasathethi ke kwindawo evulekileyo. ulwandle.
Kubalulekile kwasekuqaleni ukuba ukhethe ukugcinwa kwe-aquarium yakho ukuze iintlanzi kunye nezityalo zibe neemfuno ezifanayo kwindawo yazo. Akusebenzi ukugubungela iimfuno ezahlukeneyo kakhulu. Ukuba unokhetho lwabemi bamadama abanendawo efanayo yendalo, kubalulekile ukuseka amaxabiso achanekileyo amanzi ngaphambi kokuba uqale. Akubalulekanga ukukopa uhlobo lwamanzi oluyi-100%. Oku akunakwenzeka nakwi-aquarium eqhelekileyo, kwaye uninzi lwabemi mhlawumbi luya kuba yinzala engazange ikhule kwindawo yokuhlala yendalo. Injongo ebhengeziweyo ingaphezulu kokuba nexabiso lamanzi elizinzileyo elihambelana neemfuno zentlanzi kunye nezityalo ukuze kumiselwe ibhalansi yebhayoloji esempilweni kwitanki ixesha elide.
Eyona 7 iMgangatho waManzi iBalulekileyo
Nitrate (NO3)
Kwinkqubo yokwaphula amagqabi ezityalo ezifileyo okanye ilindle lentlanzi, umzekelo, i-ammonium (NH4) kunye ne-ammonia (NH3) iveliswa kwi-aquarium. I-Amoniya inetyhefu kakhulu. Ngethamsanqa, kukho amaqela ama-2 ebhaktiriya athi ngokuthe ngcembe agaye ezi zinto. Iqela lokuqala libaguqulela kwi-nitrite enetyhefu (NO2). Iqela lesibini lisebenzisa i-nitrite kwaye liguqule libe yi-nitrate engenabungozi (NO3). I-Nitrate ekugxininiseni ukuya kuthi ga kwi-35 mg / l ixhaphakile kwi-aquarium ezinzileyo kwaye ayilonzakalisanga intlanzi yakho. Kwaye kuluncedo ekukhuleni kwezityalo zakho: Ibanika initrogen eninzi, abayidinga ngokupheleleyo. Kodwa lumka: ukugxila okuphezulu kakhulu kunokuba neziphumo ezibi. Oku akufane kwenzeke, kodwa kufuneka ubeke iliso kweli xabiso ukuze ube kwicala elikhuselekileyo.
I-Nitrite (NO2)
I-Nitrite (NO2) inokukhawuleza ibe sesichengeni sobomi kwiintlanzi zakho kunye nabanye abahlali base-aquarium. Akufunekanga ke ngoko ukuba ibonakale kwi-aquarium ngovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwamanzi. Ukuba kuyenzeka, kufuneka ngokukhawuleza ukhangele i-aquarium yakho ukuze ufumane iindawo ezibolileyo. Izityalo ezifayo kunye neentlanzi ezifileyo echibini zinefuthe elibi kakhulu kumgangatho wamanzi. Zisuse kwaye wenze utshintsho olukhulu lwamanzi (malunga nama-80%). Akufunekanga utyise iintsuku ezi-3 ezilandelayo kwaye kufuneka utshintshe amanzi nge-10% yonke imihla. Emva kokuphazamiseka, jonga amaxabiso amanzi kanye ngemini ubuncinci iintsuku ezisi-7. Ukuxinana kwempahla eninzi ngokugqithisileyo kubonisa umngcipheko wokunyuka kwe-nitrite.
Kukho ixesha elilodwa kuphela xa ukwanda kwe-nitrite yoxinaniso emanzini kuvunyelwe kwaye kunqweneleka: isigaba sokugijima. Ixabiso ke linyuka ngokukhawuleza phakathi kweentsuku ezimbalwa kwaye liphinde liwele kwakhona. Apha umntu uthetha "ngencopho ye-nitrite". Ukuba i-nitrite ayisabonakali, intlanzi ingangena kwitanki.
Ixabiso le-PH
Elinye lamaxabiso afumaneka rhoqo ngaphandle kwendawo yokuzonwabisa yase-aquarium lixabiso le-pH. Oku kuchaza iqondo leasidi ekhoyo kumzimba ngamnye wamanzi. Kuboniswa kwisikali esivela kwi-acidic (pH 0- <7) ukuya kwisiseko (pH> 7-14). Ixabiso elingathathi hlangothi likwixabiso le-pH le-7. Kwi-aquarium (kuxhomekeke kwinani leentlanzi kunye nezityalo), amaxabiso malunga neli nqaku phakathi kwe-6 kunye ne-8 idla ngokufanelekileyo. Ngaphezu kwakho konke, kubalulekile ukuba ixabiso le-pH lihlala lihleli. Ukuba iyaguquguquka, abahlali be-pool basabela ngokukhawuleza kwaye baphantsi koxinzelelo. Ukuthintela oku, kufuneka ujonge eli xabiso kanye ngeveki. Ngokuzenzekelayo, ubulukhuni be-carbonate obufanelekileyo bunokunceda apha.
Ubunzima obupheleleyo (GH)
Ubunzima obupheleleyo (GH) bubonisa umxholo weetyuwa ezinyibilikayo emanzini - ngakumbi i-calcium kunye ne-magnesium. Ukuba lo mxholo uphezulu, kuthiwa amanzi anzima; ukuba ingaphantsi, amanzi athambe. Ubunzima bubonke budla ngokunikwa ngo-° dH (= iqondo lobulukhuni baseJamani). Ibalulekile kuzo zonke iinkqubo ze-organic kwi-aquarium kwaye kufuneka ibekwe iliso elibukhali ngakumbi ukuba ufuna ukuzala. Ngokufana nexabiso le-pH, kubalulekile apha ukuba i-GH ihambelana neentlanzi.
Ukuqina kwecarbonate (KH)
Kukwakho nelinye “ixabiso lobulukhuni” kwi-aquarium: Ukuqina kwecarbonate (KH) kubonisa umxholo wehydrogen carbonate inyibilikiswe emanzini. Eli xabiso sele likhankanyiwe malunga nexabiso le-pH kuba i-KH isebenza njengesithinteli sayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinza i-pH kwaye ithintela utshintsho ukuba lwenzeke ngokukhawuleza. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba ubulukhuni be-carbonate ayilona xabiso le-static. Iphenjelelwa ziinkqubo zebhayoloji ezenzeka kwi-aquarium.
Ikharbhon diokside (CO2)
Emva koko, siza kwi-carbon dioxide (CO2). Njengathi bantu, intlanzi itya ioksijini xa iphefumla kwaye ikhuphe ikharbon diokside njengemveliso yemetabolism-kwi-aquarium oku kuya ngqo emanzini. Kuyafana nezityalo, ngendlela: zisebenzisa i-CO2 emini kwaye zivelise i-oksijini eluncedo kuyo, kodwa ebusuku le nkqubo iguqulwa kwaye nabo baba ngabavelisi be-carbon dioxide. Ixabiso le-CO2 - njengexabiso le-pH - kufuneka lihlale libekwe iliso, kuba linokuba yingozi ngokwenene kwintlanzi, kwelinye icala, ibalulekile kwizityalo. Ke ngoko kufuneka ujonge rhoqo unxibelelwano lulonke lwe-CO2, KH, kunye nexabiso le-pH kuba ziyaphembelela enye kwenye: Umzekelo, ukuguquguquka okuncinci kwe-CO2 kukhokelela ekuguquguqukeni okubi kakhulu kwe-pH, ngakumbi xa i-KH iphantsi.
Ioksijini (O2)
I-oksijeni (i-O2) mhlawumbi yeyona nto ibalulekileyo (ibalulekileyo) ixabiso kwi-aquarium, kuba ngaphandle kwayo, akukho ntlanzi okanye izityalo okanye ibhaktheriya enenzuzo, ekhupha amanzi angcolileyo, inokusinda. Ioksijini ingena emanzini echibini ngokuyintloko ngezityalo (emini), umphezulu wamanzi, kunye neteknoloji eyongezelelweyo efana ne-aerators kunye namatye omoya.
Ukusetyenziswa kweeMveliso zokuKhathalela amanzi
Ngoku ukuba siye sajonga ngokufutshane awona maxabiso abalulekileyo amanzi, singathanda ukucacisa ngokufutshane ukuba ezi xabiso zinokuthi zizinziswe kwaye zilungiswe njani ngendlela esebenzayo: ezizezi zi-arhente zokulungisa kunye ne-conditioner yamanzi. Umzekelo, ukuba ujonga uluhlu lokhathalelo lwamanzi kwivenkile yezilwanyana zasekhaya, kukho amayeza athile kwixabiso ngalinye lamanzi ekufuneka libuyisele kwixabiso elifanelekileyo. Kubalulekile ukugxininisa ukuba banokunceda kuphela kwinqanaba elithile: ukuba, ngokomzekelo, ubudlelwane phakathi komthamo wetanki kunye nentlanzi yentlanzi ayichanekanga, kwanezona zicolisi zamanzi ezingcono azikwazi ukufaka isandla kwibhalansi yezinto eziphilayo kwixesha elide.
Oko akuthethi ukuba ii-agent zokulungisa kunye ne-conditioners zamanzi azikho izixhobo ezincedo: kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngononophelo. Ke ngoko, njengomntu oqalayo kwindawo yokuzonwabisa ye-aquarium, kuya kufuneka uqale ujongane nomba wexabiso lamanzi ngaphambi kokuba ujijane ngeemeko ezahlukeneyo zamanzi emva koko ukuze ufumane amaxabiso afanelekileyo amanzi.