UMary Allen
“Yhu, bendicinga ukuba amagqabi zizityalo?!”, “Ingaba ngokwenene igqabi lihambile?” Okanye “Ayikholeleki loo nto!” Ngamazwi onokuweva rhoqo xa kufikwa kukudibana kwakho kokuqala namagqabi aHambayo. Okanye njengoko owayesakuba ngumfundi wam watsho ngokufutshane: “Wowu! I-LOL epheleleyo “.
Amagqabi Ahambayo?
Amagqabi ahambayo anezinambuzane ezifihliweyo ezingenakukwazi ukwahlula kumagqabi "okwenyani" ngaphandle (ngokukodwa emagqabini, angabikho ehlathini!) Ngokomzekelo, ukuba zivuthelwa ngumoya, zishukuma njengamagqabi omoya. Ngexesha lokuziphendukela kwemvelo, i-camouflage, echanekileyo ngokwesayensi njenge "mimetic", ifezekile kwaye isebenzela ukukhusela kumarhamncwa. Kambe ke, abo bangabhaqwayo abayi kuphelela kwimizekeliso.
Amagqabi ahambayo azifihle kangangokuba nabagcini abanamava bakufumanisa kunzima ukubona ezi zinambuzane emagqabini. Ngendlela, ukulandelela ngumsebenzi osoloko unomdla kwaye unika uyolo. Kwaye ukuba ujongana ngokunzulu nale ntsapho yezinambuzane, ufunda kwakhona ukujonga ngokusondeleyo - into engekho ngokwemvelo kumaxesha ethu ahamba ngokukhawuleza. Ukongeza kumdla abanawo ebantwini, amagqabi ahambayo anenzuzo enkulu kakhulu: Alula kakhulu ukuwakhathalela kwaye ke afanelekile kubaqalayo kwiindawo zomhlaba.
Amagqabi ahambayo awakho nje amagqabi ahambayo, kuba ngaphakathi kolu sapho lwezinambuzane, malunga neentlobo ze-50 ziyahlukaniswa, okanye iintlobo ezininzi ziye zachazwa ngokwesayensi ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Ekubeni irhafu entsha ifunyanwa rhoqo, kunokucingelwa ukuba inani liya kwanda kwixesha elizayo.
Ukugcinwa kunye nokunyamekela amagqabi ahambayo, nangona kunjalo, kungekhona ukuba iintlobo ezininzi zibuza umbuzo. Ezona ntlobo zixhaphakileyo ezifumaneka kwi-German terrariums mhlawumbi yiPhyllium siccifolium evela kwiiPhilippines. Ezinye izazinzulu zinoluvo lokuba olu hlobo, olugcinwe eYurophu, luhlobo oluthile olunokuthiwa yiPhyllium philippinicum. Nangona kunjalo, lo mbono awukwabelwana ngazo zonke iingcali. Abagxeki bayaphikisana nokuba le rhafu yamva nje ngumxube ongachazwanga. Yiba njalo: Ukuba ukhangele Amagqabi Ahambayo kwiiwebhusayithi ezifanelekileyo, izilwanyana zinikezelwa phantsi kwamagama omabini anokunyamekela kunye neemeko zokufuya ezidweliswe ngezantsi.
KwiBiology kunye neBiological Systematics
Usapho lwamagqabi ahambahambayo (Phylliidae) lololuhlu lwesiporho esoyikisayo (Phasmatodea, gr. Phasma, ghost), ekwabandakanya eyona nto yasothusayo yesiporho kunye nesinambuzane sentonga. Kwimeko yamagqabi ahambayo, amadoda kunye nabasetyhini bahluke kakhulu ngokubonakalayo omnye komnye. Le dimorphism ngokwesondo yePhyllium ibonakaliswe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, ngokukwazi kwayo ukubhabha. Iimazi ezingabhabhayo zikhulu ngokuphawulekayo kwaye zinzima kuneenkunzi ezibhabhayo kwaye zineempiko eziqinileyo ngokupheleleyo. Iinkunzi zimile kancinci, zikhaphukhaphu ngobunzima, kwaye zinamaphiko amancinane angaphambili. Amanye amaqabunga ahambayo ayakwazi ukuvelisa intombi (i-parthenogenesis), i. H. Iimazi ziyakwazi ukuvelisa inzala nangaphandle kweqabane eliyindoda. I-Parthenogenesis ithathwa njengobungqina kwiPhyllium giganteum kunye nePhyllium bioculatum.
Ukusuka kwimbono yebhayoloji, kunomdla ngakumbi ukubukela ukuvuselelwa kwamalungu okanye ukubukela indlela amagqabi ahamba ngayo afileyo (i-reflex efileyo eyaziwa ngokuba yi-thanatose) xa beziva besongelwa.
Ukusasazwa kwendalo, ukutya, kunye nendlela yokuphila
Usasazo lwendalo lwePhylliidae lusuka eSeychelles ludlulele eIndiya, eTshayina, kwiiPhilippines, eIndonesia naseNew Guinea ukuya kwiZiqithi zeFiji. Eyona ndawo isasazwayo yiSoutheast Asia. IPhyllium siccifolium yenzeka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zasekhaya eIndiya, eTshayina, eMalaysia, nakwiiPhilippines. Kwikhaya leetropiki kunye ne-subtropical, i-phytophagous (= i-leaf-eating) izinambuzane zomhlaba zondla kumagqabi e-guava, imango, i-rhambutane, i-cocoa, i-mirabilis, njl. zisetyenziswe, kodwa kunye namahlamvu e-sessile kunye ne-oki yesiNgesi.
Isimo Sengqondo Nenkathalo
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-terrarium kubalulekile ukugcina nokunyamekela amagqabi ahambayo. Kule nto, iibhokisi zeembungu, i-glass terrariums, kunye neeplastic terrariums zexeshana zifanelekile. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwi-ventilation efanelekileyo. Umhlaba unokugqunywa nge-peat okanye nge-substrate eyomileyo, engabonakaliyo (umzekelo, i-vermiculite, amatye). Kwakhona kunengqiqo ukubonisa iphepha lasekhitshini, njengoko kulula ukuqokelela amaqanda. Nangona kunjalo, umthwalo wokusebenza xa umgangatho ugutyungelwe ungaphantsi kakhulu kunokuba umqulu wekhitshi utshintshwa ngeveki. Ngamathub' athile isigqubuthelo sendalo esiphilayo okanye esingaphiliyo kufuneka sitshintshwe njengoko ilindle lezilwanyana liye lingabukeki kwaye lingacocekanga. Kufuneka ulumke ungalahli amaqanda ngokungeyomfuneko.
Akufanele ukhethe ubungakanani beterrarium encinci kakhulu. Kwisibini esidala, ubungakanani obuncinci kufuneka bube yi-25 cm x 25 cm x 40 cm (ubude!), Ngenani elikhulu lezilwanyana ezifuywayo ngokufanelekileyo ngakumbi. Beka ngokulula amasebe asikiweyo ezityalo zefula kwisitya esikwi-terrarium kwaye ubeke endaweni yazo rhoqo. Kufuneka ugweme ukubola kwamagqabi kunye neenkuni ezibunjiweyo ngenxa yezizathu zezifo.
Ufakelo olongezelelweyo lwemijelo yamanzi aluyimfuneko, njengoko izinambuzane zihlala zifunxa ulwelo oluyimfuneko ngezityalo ezityayo. Kodwa unokwazi ukujonga izilwanyana ngokuphindaphindiweyo ekugcinweni, ukungenisa ngokusebenzayo amaconsi amanzi emagqabini nasezindongeni. Abasetyhini abadala ngakumbi banemfuno eyongeziweyo yolwelo. Iqondo lokushisa kwi-terrarium kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo libe ngaphezu kwe-20 ° C. Akufanele udlule i-27 ° C. 23 ° C ifanelekile. Apha unokujonga inqanaba eliphezulu lomsebenzi wezilwanyana kunye nezifo zenzeka kancinci.
Ukwenza oku, unokudibanisa isibane sokushisa okanye usebenzise intambo yokufudumala okanye i-heater mat. Ngezixhobo ezimbini zokugqibela ezikhankanyiweyo zobugcisa, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba isikhongozelo esinezityalo zefula asidibananga ngokuthe ngqo nesifudumezi, njengoko amanzi aya kuthi emva koko afudumale kakhulu kunye neenkqubo zokubola kwintshukumo, umsebenzi ongeyomfuneko (ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukutshintsha kwezityalo zefula) kwaye kunokwenzeka ukuba kubangele izifo. Kwiindawo ezininzi zokuhlala, nangona kunjalo, ukushisa kwangaphakathi kwe-terrarium kunokufikeleleka ngeqondo lokushisa eliqhelekileyo legumbi. Ukufuma kufuneka kube malunga ne-60 ukuya kwi-80%. Ukugcwala kwamanzi kufuneka kuthintelwe ngenxa yezizathu zempilo. Qinisekisa ukuba kukho ukujikeleza komoya okwaneleyo!
ICEBISO
Ngenxa yale njongo, ndincoma ukuba utshize amanzi adibeneyo kwi-terrarium imihla ngemihla - ngamanzi okupompoza kukho i-limescale deposits kwiindonga zeglasi - ngoncedo lwebhotile yokutshiza. Akufunekanga utshize izilwanyana ngokuthe ngqo, njengoko ii-pathogens zinokuzalela kwaye ziphindaphindeke kwiindawo zamanzi ezingomisi kwi-exoskeleton. Ngaphandle koko, ungasebenzisa i-ultrasonic fogger. Nangona kunjalo, itanki yamanzi efunekayo kufuneka icocwe rhoqo kwaye ithatha indawo enkulu kakhulu. Kodwa i-ultrasonic fogger ilungele ukunyamekela izilwanyana ngeveki. Izinto ezibizwa ngokuba ziinkqubo zokutshiza zamahlathi emvula nazo zicingelwa ngokomgaqo. Ukujonga ubushushu kunye nomswakama, kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo ufake i-thermometer kunye ne-hygrometer kwi-terrarium.
isiphelo
Amagqabi ahambahambayo zizinambuzane ezinomdla ekulula ukuzinyamekela nezingabizi mali ukuzigcina, yaye “zinokukubophelela” iminyaka.