UMary Allen
Umqolo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yamathambo. Iqukethe i-vertebrae, ebizwa ngokuba yi-dorsal vertebrae. Ezi vertebrae zidityaniswe omnye komnye ngamalunga. Loo nto yenza umva ube bhetyebhetye.
Ayizizo zonke izilwanyana ezincancisayo ezinenani elifanayo le-vertebrae. Amalungu ngamanye anokuba nangaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi kwawo. Nangona kunjalo, i-vertebrae inokuba nobude obahlukeneyo. Zombini abantu kunye neendlulamthi zinemiqolo esixhenxe yomlomo wesibeleko, kodwa ithambo lomqolo elikwindlulamthi lide kakhulu.
Umqolo unemisebenzi emibini. Kwelinye icala, igcina umzimba uzinzile. Kwelinye icala, ikhusela imithambo-luvo efikelela kumzimba wonke isuka ebuchotsheni.
Yintoni ye-vertebra?
I-vertebra inomzimba we-vertebral, ojikelezayo. Kwicala ngalinye kukho i-vertebral arch. Ngasemva kukho i-hump, inkqubo ye-spinous. Unokuyibona kakuhle ebantwini kwaye uyive ngesandla sakho.
Phakathi kwemizimba emibini ye-vertebral kukho idiski engqukuva ye-cartilage. Zibizwa ngokuba zii-intervertebral discs. Bafunxa umothuko. Abantu abadala, yoma kwaye ubhinqe kancinci. Yiyo loo nto abantu besiba bancinci ngexesha lobomi.
I-arch nganye ye-vertebral ixhunywe kummelwane wayo ngasentla nangaphantsi ngokudibeneyo. Oku kwenza umva uguquguquke kwaye uzinzile ngexesha elinye. I-vertebrae ibanjwe kunye nemigqa kunye nezihlunu. Imigqa yinto efana nemisipha.
Kukho umngxuma phakathi komzimba we-vertebral, i-vertebral arch, kunye nenkqubo ye-spinous. Kufana neshaft yeelevator endlwini. Apho, intambo eshinyeneyo yemithambo-luvo ihamba isuka ebuchotsheni iye ekupheleni komnqonqo kwaye ukusuka apho iye emilenzeni. Le ntambo yemithambo-luvo ibizwa ngokuba ngumnqonqo.
Wahlulwe njani umnqonqo?
Umqolo wohlulwe ube ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo. Umqolo wesibeleko ngowona uguquguqukayo, kwaye i-vertebrae yincinci. Kananjalo kufuneka uthwale intloko kuphela.
I-thoracic spine iqukethe i-thoracic vertebrae. Into ekhethekileyo ngabo kukuba iimbambo zinamathele ngokukhululekileyo kubo. Iimbambo ziyanyuka xa uphefumla. Umnqonqo wesifuba kunye neembambo kunye zenza i-rib cage.
I-lumbar vertebrae inkulu kuba ithwala ubunzima obuninzi. Ngenxa yoko, akakhawulezi kakhulu. I-lumbar spine yilapho uninzi lwentlungu lwenzeka khona, ngakumbi kubantu abadala kunye nabaphethe ubunzima obuninzi.
I-sacrum nayo iyinxalenye yomqolo. Iqukethe i-vertebrae nganye. Kodwa zidityanisiwe kangangokuba ngathi yipleyiti yamathambo enemingxuma. Kukho i-pelvic scoop kwicala ngalinye. Zidityaniswe ngokudibanisa okuhamba kancinci xa uhamba.
I-coccyx ihlala phantsi kwe-sacrum. Ebantwini, incinci kwaye igobile ngaphakathi. Unokuyiva phakathi kweempundu ngesandla sakho. Kubuhlungu xa uwela ngempundu, umzekelo, ukuba uthe watyibilika emkhenkceni. Iyintoni i-coccyx ebantwini, umsila ngowezilwanyana ezanyisayo.