UMary Allen
Ufudo zizilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo. Kwenziwa umahluko phakathi kofudo nofudo, amanye ahlala emanzini ahlaziyekileyo kanti amanye ahlala emanzini anetyuwa. Ufudo lunokuphila iminyaka eli-100, kwaye ufudo olukhulu lundala nangakumbi.
Ufudo lutya kakhulu kwimifuno yasedlelweni. Ekuthinjweni, banokutyiswa lettuce kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iziqhamo okanye imifuno. Ufudo lwaselwandle lukhetha iskwidi, oononkala, okanye ijellyfish njengokutya. Iindidi ezihlala emanzini acocekileyo zitya izityalo, iintlanzi ezincinci, okanye imibungu yezinambuzane.
Ufudo zizilwanyana ezinegazi elibandayo kwaye ngoko ke zisebenza kakhulu xa kushushu. Ebusika zifukama iinyanga ezintathu ukuya kwezine kubushushu obuziiqondo ezine ngokukaCelsius. Ngeli xesha bayaphumla kwaye abatyi nto.
Oofudo babeka amaqanda ehlotyeni. Imazi yomba umngxuma ngeenyawo zayo zangasemva ukuze izalele kuwo amaqanda ayo. Amaqanda angcwatywa aze aqanduselwe emhlabeni bubushushu belanga. Umama akasakhathali. Kwezinye iintlobo, bubushushu bokuqanduselwa kuphela obugqiba ukuba iinkunzi okanye iimazi zamafudo ziqandusela kuzo. Njengoko precocial, ke ngoko nangoko bebodwa. Kwakhona kamva ubomi bodwa.
Ikhula njani itanki?
Kwindaleko, isikrweqe savela kwiimbambo. Kuphuma ikhaka lesigodlo phezu kwawo. Kwamanye amafudo, iipleyiti zeempondo zangaphandle ziyawa ngokuthe ngcembe ukuze zihlaziyeke, ngoxa iipleyiti ezintsha zikhula ngaphantsi. Kwamanye amafudo, amakhonkco onyaka avela, afana nalawo akwisiqu somthi. Kuzo zombini ezi ndlela, iqokobhe likhula kunye nesilwanyana esincinci.
Ngenxa yeqokobhe, ufudo alukwazi ukuphefumla njengezinye izilwanyana. Ayinakwandisa isifuba xa uphefumla ngaphakathi kwaye ivumele ukuba siwe kwakhona xa uphefumlela ngaphandle. Ufudo luphefumlela phezulu ngokwalulela ngaphandle imilenze emine. Oku kubangela ukuba imiphunga yande kwaye ifunxe emoyeni. Ukukhupha umoya, ubuyisela imilenze yakhe kancinci.
Zeziphi iirekhodi zamafudo?
Ufudo luphakathi kwezilwanyana ezinokuphila de kube yiminyaka yobudala. Noko ke, ufudo lwamaGrike lufikelela nje kumyinge weminyaka elishumi kwindalo. Ufudo lwaselwandle ludla ngokuphila iminyaka engama-75 nangaphezulu. Inkunzi yofudo u-Adwaita kuthiwa ibe yeyona indala. Yafela kumyezo wezilwanyana eIndiya ineminyaka engama-256 ubudala. Noko ke, iminyaka yakhe ayiqinisekanga ngokupheleleyo.
Iindidi ezahlukeneyo nazo zifikelela kubukhulu bomzimba obahluke kakhulu. Kwabaninzi, iqokobhe limalunga neesentimitha ezilishumi ukuya kwezingamashumi amahlanu ubude. Ufudo olukhulu kwiZiqithi zeGalapagos lwenza ukuba lube ngaphezu kwemitha. Iimfudo zaselwandle ziba nexesha elide. Olona didi lude lufikelela kwiqokobhe lobude beemitha ezimbini kunye namashumi amahlanu eesentimitha kwaye linobunzima obungama-900 eekhilogram. Olunye ufudo lwaselwandle olunjalo lukhukuliswe elunxwemeni lwaseWales ngobude beqokobhe obuziisentimitha ezingama-256. Wayenobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-916. Ngaloo ndlela yayinde kunebhedi kwaye inzima kunemoto encinane.
Iimfudo zaselwandle zikwazi kakhulu ukuntywila. Benza ukuya kubunzulu be-1500 yeemitha. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka benyuke ukuze baphefumle. Kodwa iintlobo ezininzi zine-bladder kwi-cloaca, oko kukuthi kwindawo engezantsi. Oku kubavumela ukuba bakhuphe ioksijini emanzini. Iphucuke ngakumbi kunye ne-musk turtles. Banemingxuma ekhethekileyo emqaleni abayisebenzisayo ukukhupha ioksijini emanzini. Oku kuzivumela ukuba zihlale ngaphantsi kwamanzi ngaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu ngexesha lokufukama.
Ngaba ooFudo Basesichengeni?
Iimfudo ezindala zikhuselwe kakuhle liqokobhe lazo. Nangona kunjalo, iingwenya kunye namanye amacilikishe amaninzi axhobileyo ayingozi kuzo. Ziyakwazi ukuqhekeza itanki ngokulula imihlathi yazo eyomeleleyo.
Amaqanda kunye nabantwana basengozini kakhulu. Iimpungutye ziphanga iindlwane. Iintaka noononkala babamba amafudo asandul’ ukuqanduselwa xa esiya elwandle. Kodwa abantu abaninzi bayakuthanda ukutya amaqanda okanye izilwanyana eziphilayo. Amafudo amaninzi ayedla ngokutyiwa, ngakumbi ngexesha leNzila. Abahambi ngolwandle bazele kwiziqithi nakwiilwandle ezinofudo olukhulu. Nanamhla oku, izilwanyana ezininzi eziselula zibanjiswa endle zize zenziwe izilwanyana zasekhaya.
Amafudo amaninzi abulawa yityhefu esetyenziswa kwezolimo. Iindawo zabo zokuhlala zendalo ziguqulwa zibe ngumhlaba olimekayo kwaye ngenxa yoko zilahlekile kuwo. Iindlela zinqumla kwiindawo ezihlala kuzo kwaye zithintele ukuzala kwazo.
Ufudo lwaselwandle oluninzi luyafa ngokutya iplastiki. Iingxowa zeplastiki zikhangeleka njengejellyfish kwiifudo, ezithanda ukuzitya. Baminxeka okanye bafe ngenxa yokuba iplastiki ikhula eziswini zabo. Into embi kukuba i-turtle efileyo ibola emanzini, ikhupha iplastiki kwaye ikwazi ukubulala iifudo ezininzi.
Uncedo lwafika ngo-1975 ngeNkomfa yaseWashington yoRhwebo lwaMazwe ngaMazwe ngeZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni. Esi sivumelwano phakathi kwamazwe amaninzi sithintela okanye sivala urhwebo ngezilwanyana ezisengozini. Oku kwazisa isiqabu. Kumazwe amaninzi, izazinzulu namavolontiya azibophelele ekwenzeni uphuculo. Ngokomzekelo, akhusela iindlwane ngemivalo kwiimpungutye okanye ade azigqume ubusuku nemini kwizilwanyana nakubaphangi abangabantu. Ngokomzekelo, eJamani, baye baphinda bavelisa ufudo lwasechibini lomthonyama.