UMary Allen
Intshayelelo: Ukubaluleka kwamaHashe kwezoThutho
Ukutyhubela imbali, amahashe ebenendima ebalulekileyo kwezothutho. Amandla, isantya, kunye nonyamezelo lwazo lwabenza bakulungele ukuthwala abantu neempahla kwimigama emide. Ukusetyenziswa kwamahashe kwezothutho kwaqalisa kumaxesha amandulo, yaye kwaqhubeka de kwayinkulungwane yama-20. Nangona kunjalo, ukunyuka kobugcisa obutsha, obufana nemoto kunye nomzila kaloliwe, kukhokelele ekwehleni ngokuthe ngcembe kwezothutho zamahashe.
Ukunyuka koThutho lwamaHashe: Inkulungwane ye-19
Ngenkulungwane ye-19, ukuthuthwa kwamahashe kwakukwincopho yayo. Kwakusetyenziswa amahashe ukutsala amakhareji, iinqwelo, iinqwelwana, nezona ndlela zokuthutha abantu nempahla. Ukwandiswa kothungelwano lomzila kaloliwe kwisiqingatha sokugqibela sale nkulungwane nako kwandisa imfuneko yamahashe, njengoko ayefuneka ukuthutha iimpahla ukuya nokubuya kwizikhululo zikaloliwe. Iinqwelo-mafutha ezirhuqwa ngamahashe zazixhaphakile kwizitrato zezixeko needolophu, yaye isandi seempuphu zazivakala emaphandleni.
Amahashe kuVukelo lwezoShishino: Ekuqaleni kweNkulungwane yama-20
Ebutsheni benkulungwane yama-20 kwabona ukunyuka kweemoto, ezaziza kuthi ekugqibeleni zithabathe indawo yamahashe njengeyona ndlela iphambili yothutho. Noko ke, ekuqaleni kwale nkulungwane, amahashe ayesadlala indima ebalulekileyo kushishino. Zazisetyenziselwa ukutsala iinqwelo kunye neenqwelo kwimizi-mveliso nasemigodini, kwaye zazisetyenziswa nakwezolimo. Ukuqaliswa komgca wokuhlanganisa kwimizi-mveliso kwakhokelela kwimfuno enkulu yamahashe, njengoko ayefuneka ukuthutha iimpahla phakathi kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo okuvelisa.
Ukufika kweMoto: Amandla eHashe vs Amandla eHashe
Ukwamkelwa okuxhaphakileyo kwemoto ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 kwaphawula ukuqala kokuphela kothutho lwamahashe. Iimoto zazikhawuleza, zithembeke ngakumbi, kwaye zisebenza kakuhle kunezithuthi ezitsalwa ngamahashe, kwaye azizange zifune umgangatho ofanayo wokunyamekela nokugcinwa. Njengoko iimoto zazifikeleleka ngakumbi kwaye zifumaneka ngokubanzi, abantu baqala ukuwashiya amahashe abo bekhetha ubugcisa obutsha. Utshintsho ukusuka kwihashe ukuya kwimoto aluzange lukhawuleze, nangona kunjalo, kwaye kwathatha amashumi eminyaka ukuba iimoto zibe yeyona ndlela yokuthutha.
IMfazwe Enkulu kunye nokuncipha kwamaHashe kwezoThutho
Ukuqhambuka kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I ngowe-1914 kwaphawula inguqulelo enkulu kwimbali yothutho lwamahashe. Izigidi zamahashe zabizelwa emfazweni, yaye uninzi lwazo lwabulawa okanye lwenzakala edabini. Imfazwe kwakhona yaphawula ukuqala kokuphela kwamaqela amajoni akhwele amahashe, nto leyo eyayiyintsika yeqhinga lomkhosi kangangeenkulungwane. Emva kwemfazwe, amahashe amaninzi athengiswa okanye abulawa, njengoko ayengaseyomfuneko kwizithuthi okanye ngeenjongo zomkhosi.
Ukunyuka komzila kaloliwe kunye nokuphela kohambo lweHashe lomgama omde
Ukwandiswa kothungelwano lomzila kaloliwe ngenkulungwane ye-19 kwenza ukuba uhambo olude luhambe ngokukhawuleza yaye lube nempumelelo ngakumbi kunangaphambili. Oololiwe babenokuthwala abantu abaninzi neempahla ngaphezu kokuba amahashe ebenokuthwala, kwaye ayenokwenza oko ngeqhezu lexesha. Ngenxa yoko, ukuhamba kwamahashe okude kwakungaxhaphakanga, kwaye amahashe ayesetyenziselwa uthutho lwasekhaya kunye nezolimo.
Amahashe kwiiSetingi zeDolophu: Ukuvela koThutho loLuntu
Ngasekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-19 nasekuqaleni kweyama-20, amahashe ayekwasetyenziselwa ukuthutha uluntu ezixekweni. Izitrato ezirhuqwa ngamahashe neebhasi zazixhaphakile kwizitrato zasezidolophini, yaye zazibonelela abantu ngesithuthi esifikelelekayo nesisebenzayo. Noko ke, njengoko iinqwelo-mafutha zazisiya zithandwa ngakumbi, iinkqubo zokuhamba ezitsalwa ngamahashe zayekiswa ngokuthe ngcembe.
Indima yamaHashe kwezoLimo: Uguqulo lweTrektara
Amahashe aqhubeka enendima ebalulekileyo kwezolimo ukuya kutsho kwinkulungwane yama-20. Ayesetyenziselwa ukulima amasimi, ukutsala iinqwelo, nokuthutha iimpahla eziya nokubuya ezimarikeni. Nangona kunjalo, ngeminyaka yoo-1920 kunye no-1930, itrektara yaguqula ezolimo, yayenza yasebenza kakuhle kwaye yavelisa imveliso kunangaphambili. Iitrektara zathatha indawo yamahashe njengowona mthombo wamandla kwiifama, kwaye imfuno yamahashe kwezolimo yehla kakhulu.
Ihashe kwezeMidlalo noLonwabo: Inkcubeko etshintshayo
Njengoko indima yamahashe kwezothutho yayisiya isihla, indima yawo kwezemidlalo nakwezolonwabo yanda. Umdyarho wamahashe, ukutsiba imiboniso, neminye imidlalo yokukhwela ihashe iye yaduma ngakumbi ngenkulungwane yama-20, njengoko kwakunjalo nokukhwela ihashe. Amahashe nawo adlale indima kushishino lwezokhenketho, njengoko abantu babekhangela amathuba okukhenketha amahashe okanye ukukhwela iinqwelo.
Indima yale mihla yamaHashe kwezoThutho: iiMarike zeNiche
Namhlanje, amahashe asadlala indima kwezothutho, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwawo kulinganiselwe kwiimarike ze-niche. Zisetyenziselwa ukujikeleza kwamapolisa, imisebenzi yokukhangela kunye nokuhlangula, kwaye kwezinye iimeko, njengendlela yokuthutha abakhenkethi kwimimandla yasemaphandleni. Amahashe nawo asetyenziselwa iinjongo zonyango, njengoko anokunceda abantu abakhubazekileyo okanye imiba yempilo yengqondo.
Ikamva lamaHashe kwezoThutho: ULondolozo kunye noTshintsho
Ngoxa amahashe engaselona ndlela iphambili yokuthutha, kwenziwa iinzame zokulondoloza indima yawo kwimbali nakwinkcubeko. Ezinye izixeko zisenokhenketho olutsalwa ngamahashe, kwaye kukho imibutho ezinikele ekulondolozeni nasekukhuthazeni ukusetyenziswa kwamahashe kwezothutho. Kukwakho uphando oluqhubekayo kwiindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisa amahashe, njengokuwasebenzisa ukutsala iibhayisekile zempahla okanye njengendlela yothutho ezinzileyo kwiindawo zasezidolophini.
Ukuqukumbela: ILifa lezoThutho zamaHashe
Ukwehla kokuthuthwa kwehashe kububungqina bamandla ezinto ezintsha kunye nobuchwepheshe. Ngoxa amahashe ebenendima ebalulekileyo kwezothutho kangangeenkulungwane, ekugqibeleni athatyathelw’ indawo ziindlela zothutho ezikhawulezayo, ezithembeke ngakumbi nezisebenza kakuhle. Nangona kunjalo, ilifa lokuthuthwa kwamahashe lihlala kwinkcubeko yethu, kwaye iinzame ziyenziwa ukugcina nokuhlonipha indima yamahashe embalini. Ukwehla kothutho lwamahashe kusenokuba yinto engenakuphepheka, kodwa impembelelo yamahashe kwihlabathi lethu ayinakuze ilityalwe.