UMary Allen
Bukhula njani ubuntu benja? Kwaye ngaba iimpawu zakhe zobuntu zinikwe kuye ngonaphakade? Ingcali iyacacisa.
Ngokwesimo, izinja kufuneka zilungele umnini wazo okanye umsebenzi wazo ngokugqibeleleyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Isizathu esaneleyo sokuba isayensi ijonge ngokusondeleyo kubuntu benja. Ikakhulu kukuqhubekeka okwenza ingqikelelo yomlinganiswa. Isazi ngebhayoloji ngokuziphatha uStefanie Riemer osuka kwiVetsuisse Faculty kwiYunivesithi yaseBern ucacisa esithi: “Ubuntu bubangelwa kukungafani kokuziphatha okuzinzileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha nakwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Iimpawu ezinokuthi zibalwe phakathi kweempawu zobuntu zininzi. Ukuhlalisana, ukudlala, ukungoyiki, ukuba ndlongondlongo, ukuqeqesheka, kunye nokuziphatha kwentlalo kuphambili. Ukunyamezelana nokudandatheka kukwayenye yeempawu zobuntu, njengoko uRiemer wabonisayo kumsebenzi wakhe.
Ngako oko, izizathu zokuvela kweempawu ezinjalo azikho ngaphantsi. Njengakubantu, ufuzo, okusingqongileyo kunye namava anempembelelo kwisimilo sabahlobo bethu abanemilenze emine. NgokukaRiemer, umahluko onxulumene nenzala ekuziphatheni ubukhulu becala yimfuza. Noko ke, kwangaxeshanye, isazinzulu sithi: “Noko ke, asinakuqikelela iimpawu zomlinganiswa ezisekelwe kugqatso.” Akunakwenzeka ukuthelekelela umlinganiswa ukusuka kugqatso, okanye ukusuka kumlingiswa ukuya kugqatso oluthe kratya. URiemer uthi: “Nangona iimpawu ezithile zibonakala kancinci okanye zingabizi kangako kwiintlobo ezithile kunezinye, inja nganye ingumntu omnye.
Iijini ziphumela kuphela kwi-predisposition ethile - ukubonakaliswa kwayo ngokubanzi kunqunywe yimiba yokusingqongileyo. URiemer uthi: “Ixesha kunye nokuba zeziphi na iiseli zemfuza ezivulwayo okanye zicinywe, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuxhomekeke kumava omntu ngamnye okanye kwanakwiimeko ababephila kuzo izinyanya. Yile nto inzululwazi esencinci ye-epigenetics ijongana nayo, ebonisa ukuba amava nawo anokuzuzwa njengelifa.
Umama Okhathalayo Wayefuna
Uloyiko kunye noxinzelelo ngokukodwa kubonakala ngathi zizinto ezithatha isigqibo, ezithi, ngokutsho kwebhayoloji yokuziphatha, zide zitshintshe ingqondo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwi-trimester yesibini yokukhulelwa, isigaba esibaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwengqondo. “Ukuba umama ufumana uxinezeleko oluqatha ngeli xesha, oku kudla ngokukhokelela kumvakalelo owandayo woxinezeleko kwinzala yakhe.” Esinye sezizathu ezibangela ukuba iinjana ezininzi zasesitratweni zibakrokrele abantu. Abahlobo abanemilenze emine bayifumana "kwi-cradle", ngoko kuthetha. Ukusuka kwimbono yendaleko, oku kunengqiqo egqibeleleyo: inzala ilungiselelwe kakuhle kwindawo enokuthi ikhulele kuyo.
Iimpembelelo zasemva kokubeleka kwangoko nazo zithatha isigqibo. Izilwanyana ezingumama okhathalayo, ezinyamekela kwaye zikhotha izilwanyana zabo ezincinci kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo zinenzala ekwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo kunoomama abangakhathali. "Inyaniso yokuba kule meko ukunyamekelwa komama - kwaye kungekhona imiba yemfuza - iyaziwa kwizifundo apho amakhwenkwe oomama abanenkathalo kunye nabangenankathalo batshintshwa kwaye bakhuliswa ngumama wangaphandle," kuchaza uRiemer.
Nangona kunjalo, amava kamva ngexesha lesigaba sokuhlalisana anefuthe elinamandla kumlingiswa wenja ukuze iimpawu zokuziphatha zomntu ngamnye azikwazi ukuqikelelwa kwiminyaka embalwa ubudala. Isazinzulu, ke, sicinga kancinci ngovavanyo lobuntu ngeli xesha, njengokuthi "uvavanyo lwenjana". "Lo ngumfanekiso nje ngosuku nje olunye." Kuphononongo lwabo, uphawu olunye kuphela olunokuqikelelwa kwiiveki ezintandathu ubudala. "Iinjana ezibonisa ukuziphatha okuninzi okuphononongayo ziqhubekile zikwenza oko njengabantu abadala."
Ayisoloko iyimpazamo yeNkosi
Isazi sebhayoloji sokuziphatha siyazi kuphando lwakhe ukuba umlinganiswa sele ethatha iimpawu ezizinzileyo xa eneenyanga ezintandathu. URiemer uthi: “Nokuba ubuntu butshintsha kancinci ngokwabudala, iimpawu zokuziphatha zihlala zizinzile xa zithelekiswa noontanga babo. "Izinja ezixhalabileyo kuneentanga zazo kwiinyanga ezintandathu zisabonisa olu tyekelo kwiinyanga ezili-18." Ngokunjalo, iinjana extroverted yobudala efanayo kwakhona uthanda ukuba nabanye abantu. Ukuba okusingqongileyo kuhlala kuzinzile. Noko ke, amava aqatha anokukhokelela ekutshintsheni ubuntu nakwixesha elizayo.
Ngaphaya koko, abanini bezinja kunye ne-conspecifics nabo badlala indima. Zombini zinempembelelo kubuntu benja ngokuziphatha kwazo ngabanye. Umphandi waseHungary u-Borbála Turcsán ubonise indlela ezinye izinja ezinceda ngayo ukubumba abalinganiswa bezinja zabo: Izinja zigcinwe zifana nomnini wazo ngobuntu, ngelixa izinja zenja kwimizi yezinja ezininzi zincedisana.
Olunye uphononongo lwaseHungary luka-Anna Kis lwafumanisa ukuba abanini be-neurotic banika izilwanyana zabo imiyalelo rhoqo kakhulu kunabanye xa beqeqesha izinja. Abanini bezinja ezigqithisiweyo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, banesisa ngakumbi ngokudumisa ngexesha loqeqesho. Nangona kunjalo, uStefanie Riemer ulumkisa malunga nokwenza izigqibo ngokukhawuleza: "Akusoloko kuyimpazamo kwelinye icala lomgca." Isazinzulu sithelekisa ukuba yindibaniselwano yezinto ezininzi ezidlala indima ekuveleni kweempawu zomlinganiswa ezingafunekiyo. URiemer uthi: “Noko ke, sinokubuphembelela ubuntu benja yethu ukusa kumlinganiselo othile. Ucebisa ukukhuthaza ithemba kwizinja ngokukodwa. Kuyafana nakuthi bantu: Okukhona inja inamava akhuthazayo ngokuzimeleyo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, kokukhona ikhangeleka inethemba kwikamva.