UMary Allen
Uvavanyo lomlingiswa ezinjeni lunokutshintsha ubomi. Ingaba indlela eyongezelelweyo iphela idityaniswe kwintlalontle kwintsapho, kwi-kennel yendawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana, okanye kunye nenaliti ihlala ixhomekeke kwisiphumo sovavanyo lomlingiswa. EJamani, imithetho iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kurhulumente. Ukuba inja ithathe inxaxheba ekuhlaselweni kokuluma, ngokuqhelekileyo kufuneka iye kuvavanyo lomlingiswa. Akukhathaliseki nokuba inja ibizilwela nje inja etshajayo – nto leyo eya kuba yindlela yayo yendalo eqondwa kakuhle. Umphumo wolo mvavanyo uya kugqiba enoba ubomi bakhe bexesha elizayo buya kuba nemiqathango kusini na. Umzekelo, i-muzzle okanye i-leash imfuneko, uxanduva lokubonisana nomqeqeshi wezinja, okanye isohlwayo seenkosi okanye iinkosikazi ziya kucingeleka.
Uvavanyo loMlinganiswa kunye noLuhlu lweeNja
Ukusukela oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-hysteria yezinja ngo-2000, izinja ziye zabulawa ngobuninzi, njengoko kwenzeka eHamburg. Kungenxa yokuba babelwe uhlanga oluthile. Abazange babonise indlela yokuziphatha enqwenelekayo kwiimvavanyo zobuntu. Abo bezopolitiko babonakalise ukuba nobubele ngakumbi kubanini bezinja eziye zabonakala bazibonakalisa njengababukhali ngakumbi. Ubungqwabalala obusoloko buboniswa kwizinja ngelishwa bunxulunyaniswa nobunzulu kulo mba. Yintoni ubuchule bobugcisa eneneni emva izintlu inja, iimfuno ufuyo, okanye iimvavanyo zobuntu?
Iimfihlo zeeRattles
Okokuqala, makhe sijonge kuluhlu lweempuku olukhoyo kuwo onke amazwe amanyeneyo eJamani, eOstriya, naseSwitzerland. Sibona iqela le-motley yeentlobo ezininzi zeenja ezinqabileyo. Nge "Germanic Bear Dog", "inja yezinja" iphumelele ukuqatshelwa ngokusemthethweni engazange yamkelwe ngumbutho wezinja. Olona hlobo lwenja olukhoyo ngokwenene, olukhokelela kwizibalo zeziganeko zokuluma ngomda omkhulu, alubonakali kwaphela.
Kakade ke, i-German Shepherd ikwayeyona inja idumileyo. Kodwa zeziphi iingxoxo angezi nazo apha, ngelixa izinja zizala njengemastiff - ukubalula nje umzekelo omnye - apho kungekho nasinye isiganeko sokuluma esishicilelwe ngokusemthethweni ukusukela ngo-1949 - sivela rhoqo? Ukuba ibingumbuzo wokuphindaphindwa kweziganeko zokuluma ezirekhodiweyo, ukudityaniswa kwamagama bekuya kufuneka kube phezulu kolu luhlu lusemthethweni.
Kufuneka Ubuchule
Ukuze singaqondwa kakubi! Ngokombono wam, akukho nolunye uhlobo lwenja olufanele lube kuludwe olunjalo. Yeyiphi ikomishini yeengcali eyile ezi zintlu, zinamandla omthetho? Kunjalo, akukho zikomishoni zeengcali ezinjalo. Iingcali zokwenyani, kunye neethisisi ezipheleleyo zobugqirha, ezinje ngeYunivesithi yeVeterinary Medicine eHanover, ziye zaphinda zabonisa ukuba ulwahlulo olunjalo ngokweendidi alunasizathu sobugcisa.
Akukho nolunye uhlobo lwenja olunobundlobongela ngokwendalo, ngakumbi hayi ebantwini! Kodwa unokwenza nayiphi na inja ibe ndlongondlongo.
Awukho Uthembeke Ngakumbi kuneNgqekembe yokuphoswa?
Kwiimvavanyo zomlinganiswa, ayibonakali ingcono kakhulu ngobuchule bobugcisa. Le ngxaki yayisisihloko esiphambili kwinkomfa yokuqala yezinja yaseMntla Melika endakwaziyo ukuya nokuthetha kuyo. INkomfa yeNzululwazi yeCanine yaququzelelwa yiYunivesithi yaseArizona State eTempe (Phoenix).
Iimvavanyo zobuntu kwiindawo zokuhlala zezilwanyana azithembekanga ngaphezu kokuphoswa kwengqekembe yemali, ngoko ke izihloko zeendaba enye yeshumi elinesibini okanye iintetho malunga nalo mbandela. UJanis Bradley, umlawuli we "National Canine Research Council", kunye neqela lakhe bajonga ngokubanzi iimvavanyo zomlingiswa ezisetyenziswa kwiindawo zokuhlala zezilwanyana zase-US. Ilungu ngalinye lovavanyo liye lavavanywa kwithiyori nakwipraktikhali. Ngokukodwa, iindlela eziqhelekileyo eJamani ukuxhokonxa izinja ekuziphatheni ndlongondlongo, njengokusebenzisa intonga, ukujonga, umlilo, ukuvula iambrela, njl. Iziphumo zeenkcukacha-manani ezivela kwizenzo zikwangqina ukungabi naxabiso kweendlela zovavanyo lwanamhlanje.
Iziphumo ezibulalayo zoVavanyo loMlinganiswa ocetywayo
Kuya kufuneka uyazi ukuba kwiindawo ezininzi zokuhlala zezilwanyana zase-US, ezihlala ziqhutywa "ngumbutho wokukhusela izilwanyana" osebenza eJamani, olu vavanyo luhlula izinja njengezamkelwa okanye zikhawuleza. Umphumo uyingozi kuzo zonke iinkalo. Kwelinye icala, izinja ezingafanelekanga zinokungena kwintsapho enabantwana, kwelinye icala, izinja ezisempilweni ngokwasengqondweni nasemzimbeni zinokukhutshelwa ngaphandle.
Oku kukwabonakaliswa kumazinga embuyekezo, njengoko kuye kwenziwa kwizifundo ezahlukeneyo. Unjingalwazi wezengqondo kunye nengcaphephe yezinja uClive Wynne, oqhelene kakhulu neenkqubo zovavanyo lwezengqondo zabantu, waqinisekisa imigibe yovavanyo lwanamhlanje lweempawu – wayibiza ngokuba yimigibe – ngokwembono yendlela yokusebenza. Iimvavanyo zabalinganiswa bezinja azinasiseko senzululwazi. Akukho nzame yenziweyo yokukhangela ngokwenene iziphumo zovavanyo kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukuthembeka kwazo kokwenyani. UWynne wenze isindululo sokuphuhlisa iimvavanyo ezintsha ezinobungqongqo besayensi obukade busetyenziswa ebantwini.
Uqeqesho lweeNgcali kwiCynology
Nkqu neemvavanyo zobuntu izinja eziqhelekileyo eJamani akunakwenzeka ukuba aphakame ukuphononongwa professional. Ukongeza, imeko ayicacanga ngokupheleleyo. Uvavanyo olunjalo luhlala luqhutywa ziingcali zokwenyani okanye ezicingelwa ukuba zingenazo naziphi na iziqinisekiso ezibonelelwayo ezigunyaziswe ngoogunyaziwe bendawo abalawulayo. Yaye ifanele ivele phi “imfanelo ekhoyo”? Kumazwe athetha isiJamani, kukho iikhosi zoqeqesho kuphela okanye izifundo ezinikezelwa ngabantu okanye imibutho yabucala. Ubuchule babo bokwenyani bobuchwephesha bunokuba bulungile, kodwa abukho phantsi kwalo naluphi na ulawulo lwezenzululwazi okanye elubala – “njengokupeyinta ingqekembe yemali”. Kuphela yiYunivesithi yeVeterinary Medicine eVienna inikezela ngekhosi yoqeqesho lukaRhulumente kwi-"Applied Cynology". I-Cynology ithetha ukufundwa kwezinja. Emva kweesemesters ezine, isihloko esithi "i-cynologist eqinisekisiweyo ngokwemfundo" inikezelwa.
Ukuvuselela uphando lweNja eJamani
Ngeendlela ezinjalo ezinethemba, asikabi nalo uvavanyo lobuntu olunesiseko esihle. EJamani, akukho situlo okanye iziko laseyunivesithi le-cynology okanye uphando lwenja. Ngelishwa, i-Max Plank Institute e-Leipzig, eyayiyinkokeli okwethutyana kule ntsimi, yagqiba izifundo zayo malunga nokuziphatha kwezinja kwi-2013. Isiphelo esifanayo sehlela uphando lwenja kwiYunivesithi yaseKiel. Ngokubhekiselele kwintlalontle yezilwanyana, kuya kwenza ingqiqo enkulu ukuphuhlisa nokwandisa ubuchule bethu kwintsimi ye-cynology. Enye injongo iya kuba kukuqonda ngcono ukuziphatha kwezinja zethu. Kwaye ngokusekelwe kule nto, ukuphuhliswa kweendlela zokuvavanya ezithembekileyo. Ngale ndlela, izinja ezisuka kwiindawo zokuhlala zezilwanyana zinokubekwa ngcono kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo, kwaye izinja esele “zicacele” zinokusindiswa kuxilongo oluthandabuzekayo ngovavanyo lwanamhlanje lomlinganiswa. Oko kuya kusetyenziswa kwintlalontle yezilwanyana. Izinja zethu bezifanele ukukhathalelwa ngakumbi kunye nengqalelo.