UMary Allen
Ngelixa izinja zisoloko zichazwa njengezikrelekrele, zizimisele ukufunda, kwaye ziyathobela, iikati zihlala zibonwa njengezikrelekrele kakhulu kwaye azifundiseki. Kodwa izifundo zibonisa: iikati zizilwanyana ezihlakaniphile nazo! Apha uya kufumana ingcaciso emfutshane kwizakhono zeekati zethu.
Izinja zihlala zingumxholo wezifundo zesayensi. Kodwa amaxesha ngamaxesha, abaphandi baxhalabele ubuchule beekati zasekhaya. Nantsi eminye imizekelo.
Imizekelo yeCat Cognitive Ability
Abaphandi beYunivesithi yaseOregon State uMonique Udell kunye noKristyn Vitale Shreve bajongisisa izakhono zeekati zethu zokuqonda kunye nentlalontle kwaye bashwankathela ubungqina besayensi kulo mbandela kuphononongo lophononongo.
Isigxina sento
Ngokomzekelo, abaphandi bajonga into eyaziwa ngokuba "into esisigxina": ukukwazi ukuqonda ukuba izinto ezihamba ngaphandle kwendawo yombono zisekho. Iikati nazo zinamandla okuba yinto engapheliyo: umzekelo, ukuba ithoyizi iyanyamalala phantsi kwesofa, ikati iyazi ukuba isekhona, nokuba ayikwazi ukuyibona.
Izigqibo Ngokwasemzimbeni
Akukho zifundo zaneleyo malunga nokuba iikati ziyakwazi ukwenza ingqiqo yomzimba. Kuphononongo, nangona kunjalo, kwafunyaniswa ukuba iikati ziyaqaphela xa imithetho yomzimba ingalandelwa:
Kolu vavanyo, kwashukunyiswa isikhongozeli, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto ezikuyo zirhashaze. Isikhongozeli sajikwa. Imixholo yayo iwile – isiphumo esilindelekileyo somzimba. Kwezinye iimeko, i-container yayizanyazanyiswa, kukho i-rustle, kodwa xa i-container iguqulwa, akukho nto iwayo. Okanye ayizange irhashaze kwaye iziqulatho ziwile xa uyijika. Ezi yayiziziganeko eziphikisanayo.
Kwafunyaniswa ukuba iikati zinike ingqwalaselo ethe kratya kwezi nkqubo ziphikisanayo kunezo bezilindeleke – ngokungathi ziqaphela ukuba kukho into engahambi kakuhle.
Iikati zinezinye izakhono ezininzi: Ziyakwazi, umzekelo, ukutolika xa umntu ekhomba umnwe kwicala okanye kwinto kwaye alandele izijekulo zabo, njengoko uphando lubonisile. Kwakhona, unokuxela umahluko omncinci kubungakanani.
Izakhono zentlalo yeekati
Ngokuchasene nenkolelo ethandwayo, iikati zizidalwa zentlalo kakhulu. Bangena kubudlelwane obahlukeneyo kunye ne-conspecifics kunye nabantu. Ezi zinokuba neenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Iikati nazo ziyakwazi ukunxulumana neqabane lentlalontle kunye nokuphuhlisa ixhala lokwahlukana.
Ukutshintsha kweNjongo kunye neemvakalelo: Le yindlela iikati ezisabela ngayo ebantwini
Iikati ziyakwazi ukunxibelelana nabantu ngokujongana. Yiloo nto abaphandi abayifumanayo kuphononongo olupapashwe kwi-2015 kwiphephancwadi i-Animal Cognition.
Ngethuba lokufunda, iikati zazisegumbini kunye nomnini wazo kunye nento engaqhelekanga (i-fan yombane eneerebhoni eziluhlaza eziqhotyoshelweyo). Igumbi belingenamntu ngaphandle kwescreen esimnyama.
Iikati zahlulwa zibe ngamaqela amabini: "kwiqela elilungileyo" abanini babonisa isimo sengqondo esihle ngelizwi labo, ukujonga, kunye nokuma, ngelixa kwiqela elibi bahambisa ukwesaba nokungakhuselekanga.
Yafumanisa ukuba iikati ezingama-79 ekhulwini zajongana emehlweni nomninizo ubuncinane kanye. Ama-54 ekhulwini ajongana phakathi komnini kunye nefeni ubuncinane kanye. Kuyacaca ukuba iikati zazama ukuziqhelanisa nale meko ingaqhelekanga ngokujonga umntu wazo. Ezi xabiso zithelekiseka nezo zezinja.
Olu phononongo lukwacebisa ukuba iikati zinokuqonda kwaye ziphendule kwiimvakalelo zomntu. Ngokomzekelo, iikati "kwiqela elibi" zibonise ukuthambekela ekujongeni indlela yokuphuma, indlela yokuphuma, emva koko iikati kwiqela elihle. Olunye uphononongo lukwafumanise ukuba iikati zisabela kwiimvakalelo zomntu. Ngokomzekelo, badla ngokuzikhwebula kubantu abadakumbileyo.
Iikati Ziyaqonda Amagama Azo
Oku kufunyanisiweyo akuyi kumangalisa kubanini abaninzi beekati: iikati ziyakwazi ukuqaphela igama labo kwaye ziphendule kulo - ukuba zifuna kuphela. Oku kungqinwe ngokwesayensi liqela lophando lwaseJapan kuphononongo lovavanyo.
Abaphandi bavavanya ukuziphatha kweekati njengenxalenye yophononongo. Okokuqala, bawadlalela amagama esiJapan awayefana negama lekati. Iikati azizange ziwahoye la mazwi. Abaphandi badlala igama lokwenyani lekati, apho uninzi lweekati zasabela, umzekelo ngokushukumisa iintloko okanye iindlebe zabo. Ezi ziphumo bezikhona naxa umntu ongamaziyo ekati esithi igama lakhe.
Uphononongo lukwacebisa ukuba iikati kwimizi yeekati ezininzi ziyakwazi ukwahlula amagama azo enye kwenye.
Nangona kunjalo, iikati - kwaye uninzi lwabanini beekati mhlawumbi bayakwazi oku kumava obuqu - bajoyina kuphela xa befuna. Ke ngoko, abanini beekati bafuna umonde omkhulu ukuba bafuna ukufundisa iikati zabo into. Oku akusebenzi nje kuphela ekufowuneni kwegama kodwa kwakhona, umzekelo, kumyalelo othi "Hayi" okanye ukufunda iqhinga: ikati ingayenza, umbuzo kuphela kukuba ungakanani umonde umnini wekati ...