UMary Allen
Iintlanzi zaseMzantsi Melika ezizingelayo azinandawo kwii-aquariums zasekhaya - ngaphandle nje kokunye: Iipiranha ezibomvu zinokugcinwa ngokwanelisayo, ubuncinci ziingcali.
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlanzi ezizingelayo kummandla weAmazon, nto leyo evuselela umdla wabantu basemanzini wokuziqokelela. Kodwa zimbalwa kakhulu iintlobo ezinokugcinwa ngokusisigxina kwii-aquariums zasekhaya. Bafaneleke kakhulu kugcino logcino-zilwanyana, njengoko bezimisele kakhulu ukubaleka. Oku kuthetha ukuba basabela nakwesona siphazamiso sincinci kwaye badubule ngokungalawulekiyo kwi-aquarium, enokukhokelela ekwenzakaleni.
Nangona kunjalo, iintlanzi ezincinci ze-predatory trout tetras (Salminus Maxillofac) zinikezelwa ngamaxesha athile kwiivenkile zeengcali. Iintlanzi ezinovalo zifikelela kubude obumalunga neesentimitha ezingama-60 kwaye zibhityile kakhulu. Imeko iyafana ne-wolf tetra (Hydrolycos scomberoides), nayo ikhula ibe yi-60 centimeters. I-Dog tetras (Acestrohynchus sp.), Ngakolunye uhlangothi, "kuphela" ikhula ibe yi-30 centimeters. Kodwa nalapho babeza kufuna ii-aquariums ezingaphezu kweelitha ezili-1000 zamanzi.
Iipiranha ezibomvu (Pygocentrus nattereri) ziphakathi kweentlanzi ezidla ngokugcinwa. Imizekelo emihlanu ukuya kwemithandathu ingahlala kwi-aquaria kunye nomthamo weelitha ezingama-500. Akufunekanga kubekho iindawo zokuzifihla. Ukutyala nako kuyenzeka.
Kurhwebo kunye nentengiso, iipiranha ezincinci ezibomvu ngamanye amaxesha ziyabhidaniswa nolutsha olukhangeleka ngokufanayo lwe-herbivorous black pacus (Colossoma macropomum). Oku kukhawuleza kuyigqithise i-aquarist, ekubeni i-pacus iba ziingxilimbela zokwenyani zeentlanzi.
Nangona zinamazinyo oyikekayo, iipiranha ezimnyama azikho ndlongondlongo
Kudala kwaziwa ukuba iipiranha ezibomvu zenza izandi. Abaphandi kwiYunivesithi yaseLiège eBelgium ngoku baye bajonga ngokusondeleyo kwi-acoustic repertoire yentlanzi. Babona izandi ezithathu ezahlukeneyo. Ukukhonkotha kuthetha ukuthi: Suka kum! – ukubetha amagubu amafutshane kuthetha: Ndilwela ukutya kwam! – kwaye ukuncwina kuthetha: Lumka, sele ndiza kuluma!
Bavelisa isandi sokubetha kwegubu ngezihlunu zabo zamagubu. Ezi zilele ngaphezulu kwesinyi sokuqubha, esikwasebenza njengeresonator. Isantya sokufinyela kwezihlunu simisela ukuphindaphindwa kwezandi zokukhonkotha kunye neegubu. Izandi ezithambileyo nezingxolayo zenziwa ngemihlathi.
Iipiranha ezimnyama (Serrasalmus rhombus) zinendawo enkulu yosasazo. Ngenxa yoko, iintlobo ezininzi ze-subspecies kunye neentlobo zendawo ziyaziwa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ukuchongwa kweentlobo kube nzima. Kuncinci okwaziwayo malunga nokuzigcina kwiindawo ezihlala emanzini. Ezi ntlanzi zidla ngokugcinwa zodwa.
"Xa zisebancinci, iintlanzi ezizingela rhoqo ngosuku zizingelwa ngamaqunube, amaqela amancinci angenazikhundla kwaye kamva akhula abe ngabantu ababodwa abahlala befihlakele kwaye balinde ixhoba," ibhala ingcali yepiranha uMichel Jègu kwincwadi yakhe ethi "Serrasalmine". Kwi-aquarium babonisa le ndlela yokuziphatha kwangethuba - nangona kunjalo, bondliwa kuphela ngeentlanzi ezincinci ezifileyo ezifana ne-aqua dents (i-smelt).
Ngokobume bazo, iipiranhas ezimnyama zihlelwa njengezona zincinci kwaye zinobundlongondlongo kunezinye iintlobo zepiranha. Nangona kunjalo, ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bamazinyo kuphela, abonakala eyingozi ngakumbi. Ngobude bomzimba obungaphezu kweesentimitha ezingama-40, le ntlanzi iphinda kabini ubukhulu bepiranha ebomvu eqhelekileyo. Ke ngoko abafane banconywe kwi-aquarium yasekhaya.