UMary Allen
Ziintaka ezikummandla osemantla: Izikhova zekhephu zihlala kuphela kwezona ndawo zisemantla ehlabathi yaye ziqhelene kakuhle nobomi bomkhenkce nekhephu.
iimpawu
Zikhangeleka njani izikhova ezinekhephu?
Izikhova ze-Snowy ziphuma kwintsapho ye-owl kwaye zizalamane ezisondeleyo ze-eagle owl. Ziintaka ezinamandla kakhulu: zinokukhula ukuya kwi-66 centimeters kwaye zinobunzima obuyi-2.5 kilograms. Ububanzi bamaphiko azo buziisentimitha ezili-140 ukuya kwi-165.
Iimazi zinkulu kakhulu kuneenkunzi. Iinkunzi neemazi nazo ziyahluka ngombala weentsiba zazo: lo gama iinkunzi zisiba mhlophe namhlophe ebudeni bobomi bazo, izikhova zekhephu ezimazi zinentsiba ezikhanyayo ezinemigca emdaka ngebala. Izikhova eziNcinane ze-Snowy zingwevu. Olona phawu lwesikhova lunentloko engqukuva enamehlo amakhulu, abugolide-tyheli kunye nomlomo omnyama.
Nomlomo unazo iintsiba – kodwa zincinci kangangokuba azibonakali xa ukude. Iindlebe ezinontsiba zesikhova esikhephu azibonakali kakhulu kwaye ngenxa yoko azibonakali kakhulu. Izikhova ziyakwazi ukuguqula iintloko zazo zifikelele kuma-270 degrees. Le yindlela egqibeleleyo yokuba bajonge amaxhoba.
Zihlala phi izikhova ezinekhephu?
Izikhova zekhephu zihlala kuphela kumantla ehemisphere: kumantla eYurophu, eIceland, eCanada, eAlaska, eSiberia naseGreenland. Bahlala apho kuphela emantla kakhulu, kufutshane neArctic Circle.
Owona mmandla wabo usemazantsi ukwiintaba zaseNorway. Noko ke, azifumaneki kwisiqithi esikwiArctic, iSvalbard, kuba azikho iilemmings apho – yaye iilemmings lelona xhoba lezilwanyana. Izikhova zekhephu zihlala kwi-tundra ngaphezu komgca womthi apho kukho i-bog. Ebusika bakhetha imimandla apho umoya uvuthuza ikhephu. Ukuzala, baya kwiindawo apho ikhephu lincibilika ngokukhawuleza entwasahlobo. Bahlala kwiindawo zokuhlala ukusuka kwinqanaba lolwandle ukuya kwi-1500 yeemitha ukuphakama.
Zeziphi iindidi zezikhova ezikhoyo?
Kwizikhova eziphantse zibe ngama-200 kwihlabathi jikelele, zi-13 kuphela ezihlala eYurophu. Isikhova sokhozi, esinqabe kakhulu kweli lizwe, sihlobene ngokusondeleyo nesikhova esinekhephu. Kodwa uya kuba mkhulu ngakumbi. I-eagle owl lolona didi lwesikhova lukhulu ehlabathini. Ubude bamaphiko aso bunokufikelela kwiisentimitha ezili-170.
Ziba neminyaka emingaphi izikhova ezinekhephu?
Izikhova zasendle ezinekhephu zihlala phakathi kweminyaka elithoba kunye ne-15. Ekuthinjweni, nangona kunjalo, banokuphila ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-28.
Ziphathe
Ziphila njani izikhova ezinekhephu?
Izikhova zekhephu zihamba ngeenyawo. Indawo yabo yokuhlala incinci kangangokuba amaxhoba abo nawo ayancipha ngokukhawuleza. Emva koko isikhova esinekhephu siya emazantsi de sifumane ukutya okwaneleyo kwakhona.
Ngale ndlela, isikhova esinekhephu maxa wambi sifumaneka nakumbindi weRashiya, kumbindi weAsia nakumantla eUnited States. Nangona izikhova ezinekhephu zithanda ukusebenza xa kutshona ilanga, zikwazingela amaxhoba emini nasebusuku. Oko kuxhomekeke xa ixhoba labo eliphambili, i-lemmings kunye ne-grouse, isebenza.
Xa bekhulisa abantwana, phantse basoloko befuna ukutya okwaneleyo. Emva kokukhuliswa, baba ngamalolo kwakhona kwaye bazulazule bodwa kwindawo yabo, abayikhuselayo ngokuchasene ne-conspecifics. Kuphela ebusika obunzima kakhulu ngamanye amaxesha benza i-swarms ekhululekile. Izikhova zekhephu ziyakwazi ukumelana neyona mozulu ingathandekiyo: Zihlala zihleli zingashukumi ematyeni okanye ezindulini kangangeeyure kwaye zijonge amaxhoba.
Oku kunokwenzeka kuphela kuba umzimba wonke, kuquka neenyawo, ugqunywe ziintsiba – kwaye iintsiba zesikhova sekhephu zinde kwaye zixinene kunaso nasiphi na esinye isikhova. Xa zisongelwe ngolu hlobo, zikhuselwe ngokwaneleyo kwingqele. Ukongeza, izikhova zekhephu zinokugcina ukuya kuthi ga kwi-800 grams yamanqatha, eyongezelela kwiintsiba ezikhusela emakhazeni. Ngombulelo kulo maleko wamafutha, ziyakwazi ukusinda ngamaxesha endlala.
Abahlobo kunye neentshaba zezikhova zekhephu
Iimpungutye zeArctic kunye neeskuas ziintshaba kuphela zezikhova ezinekhephu. Xa zisongelwa, zivula imilomo yazo, zikrazule iintsiba zazo, ziphakamise amaphiko zize zibethe umsondlo. Ukuba umhlaseli akarhoxi, azikhusela ngeenzipho nangemilomo okanye azitsibele iintshaba zawo xa ebaleka.
Zizala njani izikhova ezinekhephu?
Ixesha lokukhwelana kwezikhova zekhephu liqala ebusika. Iinkunzi nemazi zihlala kunye ixesha lonyaka elinye kwaye zineqabane elinye kuphela ngeli xesha. Iinkunzi zitsala iimazi ngeefowuni kunye neentshukumo zokuzonwaya. Oku kubonisa ukugrunjwa komngxuma wendlwane.
Emva koko inkunzi yenza iinqwelomoya zokuthandana, ezithi zicothe kwaye zicothe de ekugqibeleni ziwele emhlabeni - kwaye zijiwuze ngokukhawuleza zibuyela emoyeni. Ziyacula zombini ezi ntaka ize inkunzi itsalele imazi kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo zokuzalela. Inkunzi iphethe into efileyo emlonyeni wayo. Kuphela kuxa sele idlulisele kwimazi apho ukukhwelana khona.
Ukuzala kwenzeka phakathi kwamatye neenduli ukusuka embindini kaMeyi. Imazi yemba umngxuma emhlabeni ize ibeke amaqanda ayo kuwo. Ngokuxhomekeke ekuboneleleni kokutya, imazi ibeka amaqanda amathathu ukuya kwishumi elinanye ngezithuba zeentsuku ezimbini. Ifukamela iyodwa kwaye ityiswa yinkunzi ngeli xesha.
Emva kwenyanga, intshontsho liyaqandusela, kwanangeentsuku ezimbini. Ngoko ke amantshontsho akubudala obahlukeneyo. Ukuba akukho kutya kwaneleyo, amantshontsho amancinane namancinane ayafa. Kuphela ngokutya okutyebileyo kuya kusinda wonke umntu. Imazi ijonga amantshontsho endlwaneni ngelixa inkunzi ilanda ukutya. Intshontsho libaleka emva kweeveki ezintandathu ukuya kwezisixhenxe. Baye baqole ngokwesondo ekupheleni konyaka wesibini wobomi.
Zizingela njani izikhova ezinekhephu?
Izikhova ezinekhephu zibhabha zibhabha zithe cwaka emoyeni zize zothuse ixhoba lazo, zithi zibhabha ngeenzipho zazo zize zibulale ngokuluma ngomlomo wazo obukhali ohaka. Ukuba awuzibambi okokuqala, ziya kubaleka emva kwexhoba lazo, ziqhwaba phantsi. Ngenxa yeentsiba ezinyaweni zazo, azitshoni ekhephini.
Zinxibelelana njani izikhova ezinekhephu?
Izikhova zekhephu ziintaka ezineentloni kwaye ezizolileyo phantse unyaka wonke. Iinkunzi zikhupha kuphela i-squawk ephezulu kunye nenzulu, ekhonkothayo "Hu" ngexesha lokukhwela. Le minxeba ivakala kude kakhulu. Kuphela i-squawk eqaqambileyo kwaye ithule kakhulu ivakele kwiimazi. Ukongezelela, izikhova ezinekhephu zinokufutha zize zikhuphe iminxeba elumkisayo njengengabangaba.