Zeegusha

Iigusha – ingakumbi amatakane amancinci – zizilwanyana ezinoxolo kakhulu. Baye banika abantu uboya, ubisi nenyama kangangamawaka eminyaka.

 

iimpawu

Zikhangeleka njani iigusha?

Iigusha zizilwanyana ezanyisayo yaye, njengeebhokhwe, iinkomo neenyamakazi, ziyinxalenye yentsapho ye-bovid. Iigusha zasendle zaseYurophu (ezikwabizwa ngokuba yi-moufflons) zilinganisa malunga ne-110 ukuya kwi-130 yeesentimitha ukusuka kwincam yempumlo ukuya kwincam yomsila, zikhula kwi-65 ukuya kwi-80 yeesentimitha ubude kwaye zinobunzima obungama-25 ukuya kwi-55 yeekhilogram. Iigusha esizifuyileyo ziphuma kubo.

Iinkunzi zibizwa ngokuba ziinkunzi zeegusha kwaye zinkulu kwaye zomelele kunemazi. Iinkunzi ezithenwayo, oko kukuthi, zenziwe zingazali, zibizwa ngokuba ziigusha. Banoxolo ngakumbi kune-Aries kwaye banxibe inyama eninzi. Igusha efikelela kunyaka omnye kuthiwa ngamatakane.

Iigusha ezininzi zineempondo: Kwiigusha zasendle, zimile okwenkumba, zinde kwaye zisongelwe kungqukuva, okanye zimfutshane kwaye zigobe kancinane. Zingama-50 ukuya kwi-190 yeesentimitha ubude.

Iimpondo zemazi zincinci kwaye ezinye iigusha zasekhaya, ngokuxhomekeke kwinzala, zihlala zingenazo zonke iimpondo. Olona phawu luqhelekileyo lweegusha buboya bazo, obulungiswa bube buboya. Inokuba mhlophe, ngwevu, mdaka, mnyama, okanye ipateni kwaye iqulathe i-undercoat eshinyeneyo, egobileyo kunye neenwele ezingqindilili eziphezu kwayo. Okukhona uboya bucolekileyo kwaye bugobile, kokukhona buxabisekile.

Uboya begusha buvakala butyebe ngokwenene. Oku kuphuma kwilanolin, inqatha eveliswa ngamadlala olusu. Ikhusela iinkuni kubumanzi. Nakwimvula enkulu, idyasi yegusha ihlala intle kwaye ishushu kwaye yomile.

Zihlala phi iigusha?

Iigusha zasendle zaseYurophu zazidla ngokufunyanwa ukusuka eHungary ukuya kumazantsi eJamani nakummandla wonke weMeditera. Namhlanje kushiyeke amakhulu ambalwa ezilwanyana kwiziqithi zaseCorsica naseSardinia. Iigusha ezifuywayo zihlala phantse kuyo yonke indawo emhlabeni ngenxa yokuba amaYurophu azithatha azisa kuwo onke amanye amazwekazi. Uninzi lweegusha namhlanje zihlala eAsia, eOstreliya, eArgentina, nakuMzantsi-ntshona weAfrika. EYurophu, kwelinye icala, kuphela yimihlambi embalwa yeegusha ezulazula emadlelweni kuba akuyomfuneko ukuba kufuywe apha.

Nokuba ngamathafa, amahewu, okanye amathafa aphakamileyo – iigusha zinokufunyanwa phantse kuyo yonke indawo kwaye zinokudibana phantse kuyo nayiphi na indawo yokuhlala kuba azikhethi kakhulu xa kuziwa ekutyeni. Ngokuxhomekeke kwinzala, ziqhelaniswe kakuhle nemimandla yemozulu eyahlukeneyo yehlabathi. Kwanakumazwe ashushu, zikho iigusha.

Ziziphi iindidi zeegusha ezikhoyo?

Kukho phakathi kwama-500 kunye nama-600 eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeegusha kwihlabathi jikelele. Phakathi kweegusha zasendle, iigusha zasendle zaseYurophu ziphakathi kwezona zaziwayo. I-argali, ukuya kuthi ga kwiimitha ezimbini ubude, ukusuka kwiintaba ezikuMbindi weAsia kunye neegusha ezinkulu kumntla-mpuma weSiberia kunye noMntla Melika ziyaziwa.

Iigusha zokuqala zagcinwa njengezilwanyana zasekhaya eAsia Minor malunga neminyaka engama-9000 eyadlulayo. Namhlanje kukho iindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo, umzekelo, iigusha zeMerino, iigusha zasezintabeni, okanye iHeidschnucken. I-Heidschnucke yaziwa kakhulu kuthi, ngakumbi emantla eJamani, kwaye inkangeleko yazo isikhumbuza iigusha zasendle:

Zombini iinkunzi neemazi zineempondo, imazi inegophe elingasemva emile okweceba ize inkunzi ibe nophondo olufana nenkumba. Uboya bazo bude kwaye buxinene kwaye nombala wesilivere-ngwevu ukuya kungwevu omnyama. Kwelinye icala, uboya obusentloko nasemilenzeni bufutshane kwaye bumnyama.

Amatakane e-Heidschnucken azalwa enoboya obumnyama, obuphotheneyo. Ngonyaka wokuqala wobomi, uboya butshintsha umbala kwaye bujika bube ngwevu. I-Heidschnucken luhlobo oludala lweegusha kwaye alunikezeli kuphela uboya, kodwa kunye nenyama.

Zikwasetyenziselwa ukukhathalela imbonakalo-mhlaba kuba zigcina ingca imfutshane kwindawo eshushu kwaye ziqinisekisa ukuba indawo esempilweni iyalondolozwa. Namhlanje i-Heidschnucken ithathwa njengesengozini. Zimbalwa izilwanyana eziseleyo.

Emantla eJamani, iigusha zeSkudden zinyamekela imbonakalo-mhlaba. Ziyinzala yakudala yeegusha zasekhaya eziphuma kwiBaltic States naseMpuma Prussia. Iigusha zeSkadden zikhula ukuya kutsho kuma-60 eesentimitha. Uboya babo bunokuba bumhlophe, bumdaka, bumnyama, okanye bube piebald. Iigusha ezityibilikayo ziyaziwa ngoboya bazo obusulungekileyo. Iigusha zeValais-black-nosed nazo zingababoneleli abalungileyo boboya. Iinkunzi zizisa ukuya kwi-4.5 yeekhilogram zoboya ngonyaka, iimazi ukuya kwiikhilogram ezine.

Olu hlobo lwamandulo, olwavela kwiCanton yaseSwitzerland yaseValais, mhlawumbi lukho ukususela kwinkulungwane ye-15. Umbala uphawuleka ngakumbi:

Izilwanyana zimnyama apha emlonyeni nasempumlweni kwaye zijikeleze amehlo. Zikwabizwa ngokuba ziigusha zepanda kuba zisikhumbuza kancinci iibhere zepanda ngale “maski yobuso” itsala amehlo. Iindlebe nazo zimnyama kwaye zinamabala amnyama kwiihoki, emadolweni angaphambili, nasezinyaweni. Iimazi nazo zinebala elimnyama lomsila. Iimpondo ezinde ngokwentelekiso ezijijekileyo nazo ziyamangalisa. Olu hlobo lomelele kwaye luqhelene kakuhle nemozulu enzima yasentabeni. Iigusha ezineempondo ezine, ezinqabileyo kakhulu apha, zibetha ngokukhethekileyo.

Olu hlobo lwamandulo mhlawumbi luvela eAsia Minor kwaye sele lukhankanyiwe eBhayibhileni. Bakwabizwa ngokuba ziigusha zikaYakobi. Beza nama-Arabhu ngokudlula kuMntla Afrika ukuya eSpeyin yaye ukusuka apho baya kuMbindi nakwiNtshona Yurophu. Olu hlobo lolweegusha ezinoboya kwaye yiyo yodwa enezine, ngamanye amaxesha iimpondo ezintandathu. Ayinasidingo kakhulu kwaye inokuhlala ngaphandle unyaka wonke.