UMary Allen
IiSalamander zizilwanyana ezihlala emanzini. Zinomzimba ofana nowamacikilishe okanye iingwenya ezincinci kodwa azizalani nazo. Zihlobene kakhulu nenewts kunye namasele.
Zonke salamanders zinomzimba omde kunye nomsila kunye nolusu olungenanto. Ukongezelela, ilungu lomzimba likhula emva kokuba lilunyiwe, umzekelo. Salamanders musa ukubeka amaqanda njengezinye izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni nasemanzini, kodwa azale imibungu okanye aphile abaselula.
I salamanders zahluke kakhulu phakathi kwabo. Ingxilimbela yaseJapan intulo ihlala ngokusisigxina emanzini. Ikhula ibe yimitha enesiqingatha ubude kwaye inobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-20. Iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zihlala eYurophu: intulo yomlilo kunye ne-alpine salamander.
Iphila njani intulo yomlilo?
Intulo umlilo uhlala phantse kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Imalunga neesentimitha ezingama-20 ubude kwaye inobunzima obungama-50 grams. Loo nto imalunga nesiqingatha sebha yetshokolethi. Ulusu lwayo lugudile kwaye lumnyama. Inamachokoza atyheli emqolo, anokuthi akhanyise kancinci kancinci. Njengoko ikhula, ikhupha ulusu lwayo izihlandlo eziliqela okwenyoka.
Intulo yomlilo ikhetha ukuhlala emahlathini amakhulu kunye nemithi enqabileyo kunye ne-coniferous. Uthanda ukuhlala kufuphi nemisinga. Uyabuthanda ubumanzi kwaye ke ngoko ikakhulu uphuma phandle kwaye ajikeleze kwimozulu yemvula nasebusuku. Emini idla ngokuzifihla kwimingxuma ematyeni, phantsi kweengcambu zemithi, okanye phantsi kweenkuni ezifileyo.
Fire salamanders musa amaqanda. Emva kokukhulelwa yindoda, imibungu emincinci ikhula kwisisu semazi. Xa zikhulile ngokwaneleyo, imazi izala malunga nama-30 emibungu emincinci, emanzini. Njengentlanzi, le mibungu iphefumla ngeegill. Zizimele ngoko nangoko kwaye ziphuhlise zibe zizilwanyana ezindala.
Fire salamanders bakhetha ukutya ooqongqothwane, iinkumba ezingenamaqokobhe, imisundululu, kodwa nezigcawu, kunye nezinambuzane. Intulo yomlilo iyazikhusela kwiintshaba zayo kunye namabala ayo anombala omthubi. Kodwa kwakhona uthwala ityhefu esikhumbeni sakhe emkhuselayo. Olu khuseleko lusebenza kakhulu kangangokuba i-salamanders yomlilo ayifane ihlaselwe.
Nangona kunjalo, i-salamanders yomlilo ikhuselwe. Uninzi lwazo lufela phantsi kwamavili emoto okanye ngenxa yokuba lungakwazi ukunyuka kwiindlela ezinqumlayo. Kwakhona abantu bathabatha uninzi lweendawo abahlala kuzo ngokuguqula amahlathi endalo axubeneyo abe ngamahlathi anodidi olunye lomthi. Imibungu ayinakukhula kwimisinga ehamba phakathi kweendonga.
Iphila njani intulo yealpine?
I-alpine salamander ihlala kwiintaba zaseSwitzerland, eItali, naseOstriya ukuya kwiiBalkans. Ikhula malunga neesentimitha ezili-15 ubude. Ulusu lwayo lugudile, lumnyama bunzulu ngaphezulu, kwaye lungwevu kancinci kwicala le-ventral.
I-alpine salamander ihlala kwiindawo ezinobuncinci be-800 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle kwaye yenza ukuba iphakame kwi-2,800 yeemitha. Uthanda amahlathi anemithi evuthulukayo kunye ne-coniferous. Phezulu, ihlala kumadlelo afumileyo ealpine, phantsi kwamatyholo, kunye nakwimithambeka ye-scree. Uyabuthanda ubumanzi kwaye ke ngoko ikakhulu uphuma phandle kwaye ajikeleze kwimozulu yemvula nasebusuku. Emini idla ngokuzifihla kwimingxuma ematyeni, phantsi kweengcambu zemithi, okanye phantsi kweenkuni ezifileyo.
Alpine salamanders musa amaqanda. Emva kokukhulelwa yindoda, imibungu ikhula kwisisu semazi. Zondla kwi-yolk kwaye ziphefumle ngeegill. Nangona kunjalo, iigill ziqala ukuhla esibelekweni. Oko kuthatha iminyaka emibini ukuya kwemithathu. Ekuzalweni, inzala sele imalunga neesentimitha ezine ubude kwaye iyakwazi ukuphefumla kwaye itye ngokwayo. Iisalamanders zeAlpine zizalwa zodwa okanye njengamawele.
Iisalamanders zeAlpine nazo zikhetha ukutya ooqongqothwane, iinkumba ezingenamaqokobhe, imisundululu, izigcawu, kunye nezinambuzane. Iisalamanders zeAlpine zityiwa ngamaxesha athile zii-jackdaws zeentaba okanye iimagpies. Zikwathwala ityhefu eluswini ukuze zikhuseleke ekuhlaselweni.
Iisalamanders zeAlpine azikho sichengeni kodwa zisakhuselwe. Ekubeni zithatha ixesha elide ukuzala zize zizale elinye okanye amabini amantshontsho, azikwazi ukuvelisa ngokukhawuleza. Sele belahlekelwe yindawo eninzi yokuhlala ngenxa yokwakhiwa kweendlela ezisezintabeni namadama.