UMary Allen
Irabha ifumaneka kwincindi yomthi okhethekileyo. Irabha ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza irabha yokucima, irabha yemvula kunye neebhutsi zerabha, amatayara emoto, nokunye okuninzi. Igama lerabha lisuka kulwimi lwaseIndiya: “Cao” lithetha umthi, “Ochu” lithetha ukukrazuka.
Umthi werabha ekuqaleni uvela kummandla weAmazon eMzantsi Merika. Ufikelela kubude obuphakathi. Phantsi kwexolo, inemibhobho yobisi ethwala incindi ukusuka ezingcanjini ukuya emagqabini. Le jusi inamanzi esibini kwisithathu kunye nesinye kwisithathu serabha.
AmaIndiya asele efumene ukuba unokusika isiqingatha sesiqu ngokunqunyulwa kwe-oblique kwaye uxhome isitya esincinci emthini, kwaye incindi iya kuthontsiza kuyo. Ukuba awugawuli elinye icala lomthi, umthi ungaphila.
Ijusi yobisi ikwabizwa ngokuba yi "rubber yendalo" okanye "latex". Ukuba ujiya ijusi, ungayisebenzisa ukwambathisa isiqwenga selaphu okanye ngesikhumba. Oku kuyenza ingangeni manzi.
Yintoni onokuyenza ngerabha?
Umthi werabha wasasazeka ixesha elide emva kokufunyanwa kweMelika. Namhlanje ifumaneka kumasimi ehlabathini lonke, kodwa kuphela kwindawo eshushu macala omabini eikhweyitha. Ngaphambi koko, kuphela inyosi eyayisaziwa ngokwenza ilaphu lingangeni manzi ngokufanelekileyo. Bekungcono kakhulu ngerabha.
Ngowe-1839, uCharles Goodyear waseMerika waphumelela ekwenzeni irabha ngerabha yendalo. Inkqubo ibizwa ngokuba yivulcanization. Irabha yomelele ngakumbi kunerabha yendalo. Ungaphinda uyishiye ithambe okanye uyenze ibenzima. Kwakhona ifanelekile kumavili emoto, umzekelo.
Ngomnyaka we-1900, u-Ivan Kondakov waseRashiya waphumelela ekuveliseni irabha. Unokwenza irabha ngayo. Namhlanje, malunga nesinye kwisithathu serabha ivela kwindalo, isibini kwisithathu senziwe ngobuchule, ubukhulu becala ngepetroleum.
Namhlanje, ngaphezu kwesiqingatha serabha sisetyenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamatayara emoto. Olunye lweempawu ezinkulu namhlanje lusabizwa ngokuba ngumqambi walo kwaye lubizwa ngokuba yiGoodyear. I-Soot evela kwi-chimney yongezwa kwi-rubber ngexesha lokuvelisa. Oku kwenza amatayara omelele kwaye kwakhona kuwanika umbala omnyama. Inxalenye encinci iyafuneka kwiibhutsi zerabha, iziseko zezihlangu, iimpahla ezikhethekileyo zokukhusela, iibhande zerabha, iirabha, iiglavu, iikhondom, nokunye okuninzi.