UMary Allen
Imikhombe zizilwanyana ezanyisayo. Kukho ezinye iindidi ezintlanu: umkhombe omhlophe, umkhombe omnyama, umkhombe wamaNdiya, umkhombe waseJavan, kunye nomkhombe waseSumatran. Kwamanye amazwekazi, zaphela kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo ngenxa yokuba imozulu iye yatshintsha ngokuphawulekayo. Namhlanje, imikhombe ihlala kwimimandla ethile yaseAsiya, nakumazantsi nombindi weAfrika. Imikhombe inophondo olunye, kwaye ezinye iintlobo zinezimbini, enye enkulu kunye nolunye oluncinci.
Imikhombe inobunzima obuya kutsho kuma-2000 eekhilogram kwaye ibe malunga neemitha ezine ubude. Banentloko enkulu kunye nemilenze emifutshane. Uphondo olusempumlweni lwenziwe ngento efanayo nesikhumba. Nangona kunjalo, iiseli ziye zafa kwaye ngoko aziva nto. Yinto enye eyenziwa ngayo iinwele kunye neenzipho zomntu okanye iinzipho zezilwanyana ezincancisayo.
Imikhombe emininzi iye yazingelwa ngokungekho mthethweni kuba abantu babefuna iimpondo zabo njengomqondiso wokongama kwabo kwezi zilwanyana zikhulu. Izinto ezintle zinokukrolwa kwiimpondo zendlovu. Abanye abantu baseAsia bakholelwa ukuba uphondo lomkhombe lunokunyanga izifo. Yiyo loo nto uphondo lusetyenziswa kumayeza emveli aseTshayina. Esi sesinye isizathu sokuba imikhombe emininzi izingelwe ngokungekho mthethweni.
Iphila kwaye izala njani imikhombe?
Imikhombe ihlala kwi-savannas, kodwa nakumahlathi ashinyeneyo. Zizizilwanyana ezitya utyani kwaye zitya kakhulu amagqabi, ingca nezihlahla. Iintlobo ezimbini zemikhombe e-Afrika azinamazinyo ngaphambili emlonyeni, ngoko ke zikrazula ukutya kwazo ngemilebe yazo. Bangakwazi ukubaleka ngokukhawuleza kunomdlali obalaseleyo kwaye baphinde baphose amagwegwe ngaxeshanye.
Iinkomo zihlala zodwa okanye ngokwemihlambi kunye nenzala yazo. Iinkunzi zihlala zodwa kwaye zikhangela imazi kuphela ngexesha lokukhwelana. Emva koko ngamanye amaxesha balwela imazi. Kungenjalo, imikhombe iseluxolweni kunokuba unokucinga.
Emva kokukhwelana, imazi ithwala amantshontsho ayo esiswini kangangeenyanga ezili-15 ukuya kwezili-18, phantse ubude obuphindwe kabini kunebhinqa. Phantse akukho amawele. Oomama bondla amantshontsho abo ngobisi lwabo de atye ingca namagqabi. Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani oku kuyahluka kancinci ukusuka kwiintlobo zomkhombe ukuya kwenye.
Umama womkhombe omhlophe uyawushiya umhlambi kanye phambi kokuba uzale. Ithole linobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-50, malunga neshumi ukuya komntwana oneminyaka elishumi elinesibini ubudala. Emva kweyure, sele ikwazi ukuma kwaye imunce ubisi. Emva kwemini sele isendleleni nonina. Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa, itya ingca. Isela ubisi malunga nonyaka. Emva kweminyaka emalunga nemithathu, unina ufuna ukutshata kwakhona aze awagxothe amantshontsho akhe. Imazi inokukhulelwa ngokwayo xa ikwiminyaka esixhenxe ubudala, kunye namadoda xa imalunga neshumi elinanye leminyaka ubudala.
Ngaba imikhombe isengozini?
Abantu abaninzi, ngakumbi amadoda ase-Asia, baqinisekile ukuba umgubo ovela kwiimpondo unceda kwizifo ezithile. Ngaphezu kwako konke, kufuneka isebenze xa isini samadoda singahambi kakuhle. Yiyo loo nto umgubo wephondo lomkhombe uthengiswa ngaphezu kwegolide. Oku kwandisa ukuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni, nokuba abazingeli babanjwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo okanye badutyulwe. Ngoko ke, iintlobo ezininzi zemikhombe okanye i-subspecies sele ziphelile, ezinye zisengozini okanye zisongelwa:
Umkhombe omhlophe wasemazantsi kwakucingelwa ukuba awusekho xa kwafunyanwa izilwanyana ezilishumi kwindawo enye. Ngenxa yokhuseleko olungqongqo, ngoku kukho malunga nezilwanyana ezingama-22,000 kwakhona. Oku akuqhelekanga kuba ezi zilwanyana zihlobene kakhulu, ngoko izifo zinokungena lula. Umkhombe omhlophe wasentla wawutshabalele kuyo yonke indawo kodwa kumyezo omnye wesizwe. Babenokuphindaphinda ukuya kutsho kwi-1,000 lezilwanyana. Ngenxa yokuzingela ngokungekho mthethweni, kushiyeke iinkomo ezimbini kuphela kwindawo yokugcina izilwanyana eKenya. Inkunzi yokugqibela yabhubha ngoMatshi ka2018.
Umkhombe omnyama waphantse watshabalala, kodwa amanani abuyele ngaphezulu nje kwama-5,000 abantu. Kwiminyaka elikhulu eyadlulayo, kwakusele imikhombe yaseIndiya engama-200 kuphela. Namhlanje kukho izilwanyana ezimalunga nama-3,500 XNUMX kwakhona. Ezi ntlobo zimbini zithathwa njengengozi yokuphela.
Kukho malunga ne-100 lemikhombe yaseSumatran eseleyo kunye ne-60 ye-Javan rhinos. I-subspecies nganye nganye sele iphelile ngokupheleleyo. Zombini ezi ntlobo zithathwa njengezisengozini yokuphela.