UMary Allen
Xa izinja zicinezelekile, azigxili. Nkqu nemithetho esekwe kakuhle ke ingena ezindlebeni ezingevayo. Yintoni abanini bezinja abanokuyenza ukunceda abahlobo babo abanemilenze emine ukuba bazole kwaye bakhululeke kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
Xa abantu becinezelekile, bahlala besenza i-yoga okanye baphulaphule umculo. Ngokwahlukileyo, izinja azikwazi ukulawula ukuxhalaba kwazo ngokuzimeleyo. Kwimeko-bume ekhuthaza kakhulu, amandla abo anokuphakama ukusa kwinqanaba lokuba, kwimeko embi kakhulu, abasakwazi ukuthetha kwaphela. Kodwa nokuba ayide ifikelele esiphelweni: Kwanemeko ephakathi yochulumanco iphazamisa amandla enja okufunda nokunikela ingqalelo. Uninzi lweendlela zokuziphatha ezingathandekiyo ezinje ngokutsalwa kwi-leash, ukutsiba phezulu, okanye ukukhonkotha koloyiko kunemvelaphi yazo apha. Ukukhawuleza kangakanani kwaye kaninzi kangakanani inja ifikelela kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo loxinzelelo iyahluka ukusuka kumntu ukuya kumntu kwaye kuxhomekeke kuhlobo, imfuzo, ukuzala, kunye nobudala besilwanyana. Nangona kunjalo, imfundo kunye noqeqesho zibaluleke kakhulu. Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo abanini bezinja abanokusebenzisa ukunceda abahlobo babo abanemilenze emine ukuba bafumane uxolo lwangaphakathi.
Ukuzolalisa inja kwimeko yoxinzelelo, unokumisela imeko yokuphumla. Oku kwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo kwimeko ekhululekile, umzekelo xa inja ilele kwi-sofa ecaleni kwakho. Emva koko udibanisa i-verbal stimulus - umzekelo, igama elithi "ukuthula" - kunye ne-stimulus ebonakalayo efana nokubetha okanye ukukrazula. Oku kukhupha ihomoni i-oxytocin enjeni, eyikhululayo. Injongo kukuba inja izolile ngokuzimeleyo emva kwenani elithile lokuphindaphinda xa iva igama.
Zingaphi ukuphindaphinda kuthatha imeko kwaye xa isebenza kwimeko yoxinzelelo iyahluka ukusuka kwinja ukuya kwinja. I-stimulus evuselelayo ikwachaphazela ukuba "ukuphumla okufundiweyo" kunokubizwa - okanye sele kubekwe phezulu. Iimitha ezintlanu phambi kwentaka ephaphazelayo, ukuphumla, kungakhathaliseki ukuba kufundwe kakuhle kangakanani, kuya kufikelela kwimida yayo. Kubalulekile ukuba umqondiso uhlaziywe emva kokusetyenziswa ngalunye, okt kudityaniswe nomsebenzi wokuphumla kwindawo ezolileyo.
KwiBlankethi kuXolo lwaNgaphakathi
Ukuqeqeshwa ngengubo yindlela yoqeqesho apho izinja zifunda ngokuzimeleyo ukucubungula kunye nokunciphisa i-stimuli yangaphandle. Ngokuxhomekeke kwisimo sengqondo, ukomelela, kunye nokulawula uxinzelelo lomhlobo onemilenze emine, kufuna ixesha elithile kunye nokunyamezela.
Njengoko igama libonisa, uqeqesho lwenzeka ngengubo. Kufuneka ibe nevumba lenja kwaye ibe nentsingiselo eyakhayo. Ngethuba nje engalali ngokukhuselekileyo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba ukhusele inja ngentambo. Ngokuxhomekeke kumqeqeshi, ukuphunyezwa koqeqesho lwesilingi kunokuhluka kancinci. Eyona nto ifana ngazo zonke iindlela, nangona kunjalo, lusukelo lokuba inja ihlale izolile phezu kwengubo nasemva kokuba umniniyo emkile kuye. Ukuba umhlobo onemilenze emine uyayishiya isilingi, umniniyo uyambuyisa ezolile ngalo lonke ixesha. Esi sigaba sisodwa ekuqaleni sinokuthatha ngaphezulu kweyure.
Kuphela emva kokuba inja ihleli phezu kwengubo malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka apho inqanaba lokuphumla liqala. Inokongezwa kwimizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwengama-60 ngexesha ngalinye. “Uqeqesho ngengubo lumalunga nenja efunda ukuzola yodwa. Kufuneka afunde ukuba akanamsebenzi wengubo, uyakwazi ukuphumla,” utshilo uGabriela Frei Gees oqeqesha izinja waseHorgen ZH. Ukuba uqeqeshe rhoqo ngokwaneleyo - ekuqaleni kabini ukuya kathathu ngeveki - inja iya kuyamkela ingubo njengendawo yayo yokuphumla. Emva koko inokusetyenziswa kwakhona, umzekelo, xa u tyelela indawo yokutyela okanye ukutyelela abahlobo.
Ukuze inja ikwazi ukujongana ne-stimuli yangaphandle ngokuzithemba, idinga iqondo elithile lokulawula impembelelo kunye nokunyamezela ukukhungatheka. Abanini bezinja kufuneka basebenze kuzo zombini kunye nezinja zabo rhoqo. Iimeko ezifanelekileyo zemihla ngemihla, umzekelo, ukushiya indlu okanye imoto, apho abahlobo abaninzi abanemilenze emine abanako ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Uninzi lwezaqhwithi kwindawo evulekileyo luphantse lungabinantloko kwaye alukwazi ukuphendula, ubuncinane kwiimitha ezimbalwa zokuqala.
Izinja kufuneka zifunde ukuhlala zizolile nangona ulindelo oluvuyisayo lokuhamba, ukunxibelelana nomniniyo, kunye nokunikela ingqalelo kwimiyalelo yakhe. Ukuze uqeqeshe le ndlela yokuziphatha, umntu akufanele (njengesiqhelo) avule umnyango ngokubongoza kwenja. Kunoko, ivalwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo de inja izolile. Ekuhambeni kwexesha uya kufunda ukuba kufuneka aphindele umva ukuze akwazi ukuphuma – okanye ngamanye amaxesha angaphumeleli kwaphela.
UFrei Gees uthi: “Izinja ezininzi ziye zafunda ukufikelela usukelo lwazo yaye azikwazi ukuhlangabezana nokuphoxeka. Imfundo kulo mba ayinakuqala ngokukhawuleza ngokwaneleyo. Kubalulekile ukuba iinjana kunye nezinja ezincinci zinyamezele ukukhungatheka kwaye ziphuhlise ukuzola okuthile, utsho uFrei Gees.
Yiba yi-Adrenaline Junkie ngokuleqa iibhola
Ukuze kuqhutywe uxinzelelo, inja idinga ukulala ngokwaneleyo kunye nokuphumla ngokwaneleyo. Kunokuba lula ukuba yi-18 ukuya kwiiyure ezingama-20 ngosuku. Kwinja elungeleleneyo, ezolile, nangona kunjalo, ukwakheka kwezigaba zokuvuka kubalulekile. Ukuba ucinga ukuba ungayiqeqesha inja yakho ukuba izole ngenkqubo yokuzivocavoca rhoqo, awulunganga. Yonke into enento yokwenza nokugxalathelana nokuleqa okungalawulekiyo kuthathwa njengento engenamsebenzi ziingcali. «Ukuleqa kakhulu iibhola okanye iiyure zokurhwaphiliza kunye nokulwa nezinye izinja kuya kubangela inja eyaphukileyo, ediniweyo. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, oku kuguqukela ekubeni yi<em>adrenaline junkie egxile kuyo yonke into ngaphandle kwabantu bakhe,” uchaza uFrei Gees.
Ngaphandle kwawo onke amathuba okufundisa inja ukuba izolile kubomi bemihla ngemihla: Ukuphumelela okuqinisekileyo kukuba ngumntu ngokwakhe. Uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi luyagqithiselwa, kwaye ukuba umniniyo unovalo, akagxilanga, okanye akakhuselekanga, oku kuchaphazela inja. "Abantu kufuneka bakhokele inja kwiimeko ezixinzelelekileyo kunye noxolo lwangaphakathi kunye nokucaca," kusho ingcali yezinja uHans Schlegel waseDulliken SO.
Ngokombono wakhe, uhlobo okanye ubudala benja budlala indima encinci xa kuthelekiswa. “Zonke izinja kulula ukuziqeqesha, ukuba amandla omntu akhona,” utshilo uShlegel. Ubona ama-80 ekhulwini omsebenzi wakhe njengomqeqeshi wezinja ekomelezeni abantu ngokwasengqondweni. Uqeqesho lokuphumla ke ngoko lukwasebenza ebantwini, abathi ngokufuthi kufuneka baqale bafunde ukuvunyelwa ukuba bangenzi nto kanye ngexesha elithile.