Ixhama

Iinyamakazi zinento ekhethekileyo: iimazi zezi nyamakazi zisuka kwimimandla esemantla ehlabathi nazo zineempondo ezinamandla.

iimpawu

Ikhangeleka njani inyamakazi?

Iinyamakazi ziphuma kusapho lwamaxhama kwaye zenza usapho lwenyamakazi. Ziyi-130 ukuya kwi-220 yeesentimitha ubude. Ubude begxalaba bungama-80 ukuya kwi-150 yeesentimitha. Zinobunzima obuphakathi kwama-60 nama-315 eekhilogram. Iinkunzi zidla ngokuba nkulu kakhulu kwaye zinzima kunemazi.

Iintloko kunye neziqu zazo zinde kakhulu, kwaye imilenze yazo iphakame kakhulu. Umsila mfutshane, iimpuphu zibanzi. Ngokwahlukileyo kuzo zonke ezinye iinyamakazi, imazi yenyamakazi ikwanazo neempondo. Iinkunzi ziphalaza iimpondo zazo ekwindla zize iimazi ziphalaze entwasahlobo. Iimbovane ziphinda zikhule kuzo zombini.

Imivalo ithe tyaba ithe tyaba. Zinombala okhanyayo kwaye zakhiwe nge-asymmetrically. Oku kwahlula iimpondo zenyamakazi kwiimpondo zazo zonke ezinye iinyamakazi. Ngokubanzi, iimpondo zinamandla kakhulu ngokumalunga nobukhulu bezilwanyana. Iinkunzi zinengxowa yomqala entanyeni yazo esebenza njengesandisi-lizwi. Izilwanyana zaseMntla Merika kunye neGreenlandic zinomnwe omde, omhlophe ngaphantsi kweentamo zazo. Iinyamakazi zinoboya obushinyeneyo obahluka ngombala ehlotyeni nasebusika.

Zihlala phi iinyamakazi?

Iinyamakazi zihlala kweyona mimandla isemantla eAsia, eYurophu nakuMntla Merika. Apho bahlala kwimimandla emhlophe kunye ne-subpolar.

I-Reindeer inokufumaneka kwi-tundra kunye ne-taiga, oko kukuthi kwimimandla yamahlathi asemantla.

Zeziphi iindidi zeenyamakazi ezikhoyo?

Kukho malunga ne-20 yee-subspecies ezahlukeneyo ze-reindeer, kodwa zonke zifana kakhulu. Ezi ziquka i<em>reindeer esemantla Yurophu, i<em>Svalbard reindeer, i<em>tundra reindeer, i<em>reindeer yamahlathi asentshona okanye i<em>caribou, ne<em>carribou engumqwebedu.

Zonke zihluke ngokuyinhloko ngobukhulu: into ebizwa ngokuba yi-reindeer yehlathi, ehlala kakhulu ehlathini, idla ngokuba nkulu kune-tundra reindeer, ehlala ngokuyinhloko kwi-tundra. Badla ngokuba noboya obumnyama ngokunjalo. Kwavela iindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yokuba iinyamakazi zihlala kuluhlu olukhulu. Baziqhelanise neemeko ezikhethekileyo zokusingqongileyo.

Ukongezelela kwimihlambi yeenyamakazi ezifuywayo zamaSami, umntla Yurophu usenazo iinyamakazi zasendle: owona mhlambi mkhulu wenyamakazi yasendle eYurophu unokufumaneka kwindawo ebizwa ngokuba yiHardangervidda, ithafa elikumazantsi eNorway. Lo mhlambi umalunga nama-10,000 ezilwanyana. Kungenjalo, iinyamakazi zasendle zinqabile kakhulu eYurophu.

Zineminyaka emingaphi iinyamakazi?

Iinyamakazi zihlala iminyaka eli-12 ukuya kweli-15. Noko ke, ezinye izilwanyana zifikelela kwiminyaka engama-20 ubudala okanye ziphile nangakumbi.

Ziphathe

Ziphila njani iinyamakazi?

I-Reindeer ihlala kwimihlambi emikhulu, enokubalelwa kwizilwanyana ezingamakhulu ambalwa - kwiimeko ezinzima ukuya kwi-40,000 yezilwanyana eCanada. Ekubeni zihlala kwimozulu enekhephu nomkhenkce kangangeenyanga ezininzi, kufuneka zifuduke kakhulu unyaka wonke ukuze zifumane ukutya okwaneleyo.

Ngamanye amaxesha zihamba umgama ongangeekhilomitha ezili-1000 kwaye ziwela nemilambo emikhulu kuba iinyamakazi zikwazi ukudada. Umhlambi ngamnye ukhokelwa yinkokeli.

Kodwa kukho esinye isizathu esibaluleke gqitha sokufuduka kwabantu: Ehlotyeni, kukho amawaka ezigidi zeengcongconi kwilizwe lokuzalwa lenyamakazi, ngokukodwa kwiindawo ezifumileyo nezisezantsi, ezingcungcuthekisayo zize zihlabe ixhama. Inyamakazi ibaleka ezi zinambuzane ngokufudukela kwimimandla yeentaba ehlotyeni, apho iingcongconi zimbalwa.

Ukuze zimelane nengqele eqhaqhazelisa amazinyo yobusika baseNordic, iinyamakazi zinoboya obuxinene ngakumbi kunezinye iinyamakazi: Ubuninzi beenwele eziphindwe kathathu bukhula kubude obuyi-square centimeter yolusu kunakwixhama lethu. Ukongeza, iinwele zingenasiphelo kwaye zizaliswe ngumoya. Uboya benza umaleko ogqibeleleyo wokugquma. Umzekelo womhlambi wenyamakazi yingxolo eyenziwa yimisipha emaqatheni njengoko ihamba.

Iinyamakazi ziyakwazi ukunweba amanqina azo. Ukongezelela, kukho amanyathelo phakathi kweenzwane. Ngale ndlela izilwanyana azitshoni kwaye zikwazi ukuhamba kakuhle ekhephuni okanye kumhlaba othambileyo, omanzi. Iimpondo zisetyenziswa ngamadoda ukwenza amadabi ezikhundla xa zisilwela iimazi ngexesha lokukhwelana. Ayaziwa ukuba kutheni iimazi nazo zineempondo.

Iinyamakazi ziphila ubomi bamaSami akumntla weScandinavia kunye nabanye abantu abaninzi abakumantla eAsia nakuMntla Merika. Ngokomzekelo, amaSami agcina imihlambi emikhulu yeenyamakazi yaye ezulazula ezintabeni nakumahlathi akumantla eSweden, kumantla eNorway naseFinland nale mihlambi. Ziphila ngenyama yezi zilwanyana. Kumaxesha angaphambili babesebenzisa izikhumba kwiintente kunye nempahla. Izilwanyana zikwasetyenziselwa ukupakisha kunye nezilwanyana zokutsala.

Namhlanje, imihlambi idla ngokubonwa ngehelikopta ize iqhutyelwe kwiindawo ezisezantsi ngabalusi abambalwa abaseleyo. Ngokungafaniyo ne<em>caribou yaseMntla Merika, ii<em>reindeer zasemntla Yurophu zimbuna yaye ziqhelekile ebantwini.

Kuthi, iinyamakazi zinxulunyaniswa ngokungenakuhluzwa ingcinga yeKrisimesi: Zigqalwa njengezilwanyana eziyilwayo kwisileyi sikaSanta Claus.

Abahlobo kunye neentshaba zenyamakazi

Iingcuka kunye namanye amarhamncwa anje ngeengcuka, iimpungutye, iilynx, kunye neentaka ezidla inyama zinokuba yingozi kakhulu kulutsha, olugulayo, okanye kwiinyamakazi ezindala. Kodwa olona tshaba lukhulu ngumntu, oye wazingela kakhulu ezi zilwanyana, ingakumbi kuMntla Merika.

Zizala njani iinyamakazi?

Ngokuxhomekeke kwingingqi, ixesha lokurula liqala ngoAgasti ukuya ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Emva koko iinkunzi zeenyamakazi zilwa neentshaba zazo kwaye zizame ukoyisa iimazi ezininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka.

Intshontsho lidla ngokuzalwa kwiintsuku ezingama-192 ukuya kuma-246 emva kokukhwelana, malunga nombindi kaMeyi. Kunqabile ukuba kubekho ababini abatsha. Xa ithole lizalwa kwangethuba, kokukhona likwazi ukukhula kakuhle: libe nexesha elingakumbi lokukhula kwaye likhule libe likhulu kwaye lomelele kude kube sekuqaleni kobusika. Izilwanyana ziba neentlobano zesini malunga nonyaka onesiqingatha.

Zinxibelelana njani iinyamakazi?

Ngexesha lokurula, inkunzi yenyamakazi yenza izandi ukusuka kwilungu elifana nelokuncwina.

Care

Zitya ntoni iinyamakazi?

Ukutya kwenyamakazi kuncinci: ubukhulu becala itya ubulembu benyamakazi, obusakhula emhlabeni kunye namatye akwiindawo ezipholileyo nakwimozulu ebandayo. Inyamakazi yomba ezi ngqimba ngeempuphu, kwanakwelona khephu linzulu. Zikwatya nezinye iilichen, ingca namatyholo. Oku kutya kunzima ukukwetyiswa kuqala kuhlafunwa kuphela. Kamva, izilwanyana zibuyisela ukutya kwaye zihlafune - zifana neenkomo.