UMary Allen
Ngeempondo zazo ezinkulu, zikhangeleka ngokwenene; Ngoko ke, i-deer ebomvu idla ngokubizwa ngokuba "ookumkani behlathi".
iimpawu
Injani inyamakazi ebomvu?
Amaxhama abomvu akwintsapho yamaxhama kwaye abizwa ngokuba ngabathwali bezixhobo ebunzi. Eli gama livakala liyingozi libhekisa kolona phawu luqhelekileyo kwezi zilwanyana zanyisayo zingenabungozi: iimpondo ezinkulu zeenkunzi, ezithi ngazo zoyikise abo zikhuphisana nazo kwaye zikhusele indawo yazo ngexesha lokukhwelana.
Iimpondo zinokubonakala zahluke kakhulu. KuMbindi we-European deer, iqulathe iintonga ezimbini ezikhula ukusuka kwithambo elingaphambili kwaye ukusuka apho zihlala ukuya kuthi ga kwiziphelo ezintathu ezijonge phambili. Ekupheleni kwee-antlers, amahlumela amaninzi asemacaleni angakwazi ukucima, enze isithsaba. Okukhona ixhama likhula, kokukhona iimbovane zayo ziba namagatsha. Ngeempondo zabo, ixhama lithwala umthwalo omkhulu: ubunzima bumalunga neekhilogram ezintandathu, kwaye kwimeko yexhama elidala kakhulu ukuya kuthi ga kwi-15 okanye i-25 yeekhilogram.
Igama elithi ixhama elibomvu livela kwinto yokuba uboya bezi zilwanyana bubomvu-bumdaka ehlotyeni. Noko ke, ebusika ziba ngwevu-mdaka. Zinendawo enkulu emhlophe okanye etyheli phantsi komsila ezimpundu, into ebizwa ngokuba sisipili.
Umsila ngokwawo unombala omnyama ngaphezulu kwaye umhlophe ngezantsi. Amaxhama abomvu zezona zilwanyana zanyisayo zikhulu: Zilinganisa i-1.6 ukuya kwi-2.5 yeemitha ukusuka entloko ukuya ezantsi, zinobude obungasemva obuyi-1 ukuya kwi-1.5 yeemitha, umsila omncinane uziisentimitha ezili-12 ukuya kwi-15 ubude yaye zinobunzima obuphakathi kwama-90 nama-350 eekhilogram. I-Deer inokwahluka ngobukhulu ngokuxhomekeke kwisini kunye nendawo yokuhlala: amadoda makhulu kakhulu kunamabhinqa kwaye adlale intamo ende ekwindla nasebusika.
Ukongezelela, ixhama eliseMbindi naseMpuma Yurophu inkulu kakhulu kunokuba, ngokomzekelo, ixhama eMntla Yurophu okanye kwisiqithi saseItali saseSardinia.
Ahlala phi amaxhama abomvu?
Amaxhama abomvu afumaneka eYurophu, kuMntla Merika, kuMntla-ntshona weAfrika, nakumantla eAsia. Ngenxa yokuba zazizingelwa kakhulu kwaye indawo yazo yokuhlala - amahlathi amakhulu - itshatyalaliswa ngakumbi nangakumbi, awasahlali kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa kwimimandla embalwa kuphela. Kwezinye iindawo, kuye kwenziwa iinzame zokubuyisela amaxhama abomvu: umzekelo eFinland, eMpuma Yurophu, naseMorocco. Baye bashiywa kweminye imimandla ababengazalelwanga kuyo, njengaseOstreliya, eNew Zealand naseArgentina.
Amaxhama abomvu afuna amahlathi amakhulu anamahlathi ukuze achume. Noko ke, zibakho nakumahlathi asezintabeni nakwiindawo ezihlala iintaba neemoor. Ixhama elibomvu liyabaphepha abantu.
Zeziphi iindidi zamaxhama abomvu akhoyo?
Kukho malunga ne-23 yee-subspecies ezahlukeneyo zexhama ezibomvu ezifumaneka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo kwihlabathi jikelele. Kodwa zonke ziphuma kusapho lwamaxhama abomvu. Ezona zilwanyana zikhulu yielk yaseMntla Melika. Okusondelelene kakhulu nenyamakazi ebomvu yinyamakazi yakwaSika evela eAsia, ixhama elifusi elinamachokoza amhlophe asuka eMeditera nakwiMpuma Ekufuphi ezathi zaziswa eYurophu, kunye neAmerican-tailed deer, eyathi yaziswa kwezinye iindawo zaseYurophu.
Mingaphi iminyaka yamaxhama abomvu?
Inyamakazi ebomvu ingaphila ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-20.
Ziphathe
Liphila njani ixhama elibomvu?
Ixhama liqala ukusebenza ngorhatya kuphela. Kodwa kwakukade kwahlukile: amaxhama ayephuma emini nasemini. Ekubeni bezingelwa kakhulu ngabantu, badla ngokuzifihla emini. Baphuma nje ngorhatya ukuze batye. Iimazi kunye neenkunzi zihlala zihlala ngokwahlukeneyo. Iimazi zihlala ngokwemihlambi kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci kwaye zikhokelwa lixhamakazi elidala. Iinkunzi zibhadula emahlathini zizimele zodwa okanye zibe ngamaqela amancinane.
Nabani na owaziyo apho amaxhama ahlala khona kwindawo enemithi angayibona ngokulula kuba ehlala esebenzisa iindlela ezifanayo. Ezo ndlela zibizwa ngokuba zii-alternations. Iinyamakazi ezibomvu azizombaleki nje kuphela, zikwazile ukutsiba nokuqubha. Badla ngokuzibona iintshaba zisekude kuba bayeva, babone kwaye bajoje kakuhle.
Musa ukumangaliswa xa ubona amaxhama angenazo iimpondo: okokuqala, yinkunzi yexhama ebomvu kuphela enamaxhama, okwesibini, iinkunzi zilahla iimpondo zazo ezindala phakathi kukaFebruwari noAprili. Ngethamsanqa elininzi, unokuyifumana nasehlathini. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti, iimpondo ezintsha ziya kuba sele zikhulile. Ekuqaleni isagqunywe lufele, into ebizwa ngokuba yi-bast, ethi ixhama liyikhuphe ngokuthe ngcembe ngokugudla iimpondo kwiziqu zemithi.
Abahlobo kunye neentshaba zexhama elibomvu
Iingcuka kunye neebhere ezimdaka zinokuba yingozi kwixhama elibomvu, izilwanyana ezincinci zinokuba ngamaxhoba elynx, impungutye, okanye amaxhalanga egolide. Noko ke, kuthi, amaxhama akanazo iintshaba kuba phantse akukho marhamncwa amakhulu aseleyo.
Zizala njani amaxhama abomvu?
Ekwindla, ngoSeptemba nango-Oktobha lixesha lokukhwelana okanye lokurulana kwamaxhama. Emva koko kuhlokoma ngokwenene: Iinkunzi azisahambi ngokwamaqela azo, kodwa zihamba zodwa yaye zivakalisa ukukhwaza kwazo. Ngako oko bafuna ukuthi kwelinye ixhama: “Lo mmandla ngowam!” Zikwatsala iimazi ngeminxeba yazo.
Eli xesha lithetha uxinzelelo kwiinkunzi zamaxhama: azityi nzima kwaye amaxesha amaninzi kukho imilo phakathi kweenkunzi ezimbini. Zixinzelelene iimpondo, zivavanya ukuba ngubani na owomeleleyo. Ekugqibeleni, ophumeleleyo uqokelela lonke umhlambi wexhamakazi ukumngqonga. Ixhama elibuthathaka lihlala lingenamazi.
Emva kwenyanga kukho ukuzola kwakhona, kwaye phantse kwiinyanga ezisibhozo emva kokukhwelana, amantshontsho azalwa, ngokuqhelekileyo abe mnye, kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abe mabini. Uboya bazo abunamachokoza kancinci kwaye banobunzima obuzikhilogram ezili-11 ukuya kwi-14. Emva kweeyure nje ezimbalwa, banokulandela unina ngemilenze engcangcazelayo. Ziye zincance kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala kwaye zidla ngokuhlala naye de lizalwe ithole elilandelayo. Kuphela kwiminyaka emibini okanye emithathu ubudala amaxhama akhulile kwaye akhulile ngokwesondo. Bakhule ngokupheleleyo kwiminyaka emine.
Imazi yemazi idla ngokuhlala kwingxowa kamama, inkunzi ishiya ipakethe xa ineminyaka emibini idibane nezinye iimazi.
Amaxhama abomvu anxibelelana njani?
Xa esongelwa, amaxhama enza ingxolo ekhonkothayo, encwinayo okanye egqumayo. Ngexesha lokurula, iinkunzi zenza umgqumo omkhulu ohamba umongo nethambo. Amakhwenkwe ayakwazi ukukhala nokuncwina.