UMary Allen
Ngemizimba yazo ethe tyaba, imitha ayithandabuzeki. Zidada kakuhle emanzini. Zizingcwabela elwandle ukuze zilale okanye zilalele amaxhoba azo.
iimpawu
Ikhangeleka njani imitha?
Imitha ziintlanzi zamandulo kwaye, njengookrebe, zezosapho lweentlanzi ze-cartilaginous. Abanamathambo aqinileyo, yintlala nje. Oku kwenza imizimba yabo ibe khaphukhaphu kwaye ayifuni isinyi sokuqubha njengezinye iintlanzi. Umzimba wabo osicaba, apho amaphiko e-pectoral ahlala khona njenge-ahem, uqhelekile. Umlomo, iimpumlo, kunye nezibini ezintlanu zemibhobho yegill zingaphantsi komzimba.
Kananjalo banento ebizwa ngokuba yimingxuma yokutshiza kwicala elingasentla lemizimba yabo, abathi ngalo bamunce amanzi abawaphefumlayo kwaye bawaqondise kwiigill zabo. Bahlala nje emva kwamehlo. Imingxunya eyongezelelweyo yokutshiza ibalulekile kuba imitha ihlala kufutshane nolwandle kwaye ivamise ukugrumba emazantsi. Babeza kuphefumla ngodaka kunye nokungcola ngeembilini zabo.
Umzantsi womzimba ukhanya kakhulu. Icala eliphezulu lilungelelaniswe kwindawo yokuhlala yemitha, ingaba nemibala yesanti, kodwa iphantse ibe mnyama. Ukongeza, icala elingasentla linepateni ukwenzela ukuba imitha ilungelelaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo kwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba ehlala kuyo. Ulusu lwe-ray luvakala lurhabaxa kakhulu ngenxa yamaxolo amancinane akulo.
Zibizwa ngokuba zizikali ze-placoid kwaye zenziwe nge-dentin kunye ne-enamel, njengamazinyo. Eyona mitha mincinane ilingana neesentimitha ezingama-30 ububanzi, eyona mikhulu njengemitha yesathana okanye imitha ye-manta enkulu ifikelela kwiimitha ezisixhenxe ubude kwaye inobunzima obufikelela kwiitoni ezimbini. Imitha inemiqolo emininzi yamazinyo emlonyeni wayo. Ukuba izinyo liwe kumqolo ongaphambili wamazinyo, elilandelayo liya kulawula.
Ihlala phi imitha?
Imitha ihlala kuzo zonke iilwandle zehlabathi. Zifumaneka ikakhulu kwiindawo ezinemozulu epholileyo neshushu. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintlobo zifuduka ziye kumanzi anebrackish kunye namanzi acocekileyo. Ezinye iintlobo zaseMzantsi Melika ezifana ne-stingrays zide ziphile kuphela kwimilambo emikhulu yaseMzantsi Melika. Imitha ihlala kubunzulu obahlukeneyo bolwandle – ukusuka kumanzi angekho nzulu ukuya kuma-3000 eemitha ubunzulu.
Zeziphi iindidi zemitha ekhoyo?
Kukho malunga nama-500 eentlobo zemitha kwihlabathi jikelele. Ziyahlulahlulwe zaba ngamacandelwana ahlukeneyo, umzekelo, imisebe yesiginci, imisebe yokubona, imisebe ye-torpedo, imitha yokwenyani, okanye imisebe yokhozi.
Ziphathe
Iphila njani imitha?
Ngenxa yokuba imizimba yazo ilula ngokwentelekiso, imitha yindadi entle kakhulu. Umtha wokhozi wenze banzi amaphiko e-pectoral kwaye udada emanzini ngeentshukumo ezintle kangangokuba ufana nokhozi olubhabha emoyeni - kungoko igama lalo.
Yonke imitha iyafana kwisakhiwo sayo esisisiseko, kodwa kusekho ukungafani okucacileyo phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Umtha wokhozi, umzekelo, unempumlo efana nomlomo. Imitha yombane itshajwa ngombane kwaye inokumangalisa ixhoba lazo ngokushukunyiswa kombane ukuya kuthi ga kwi-220 volts. Abanye, njenge-stingray yaseMelika, bane-stinger enobuthi obuyingozi emsileni wabo. Umbane, i-stingrays, kunye ne-stingrays zinokuba yingozi ebantwini.
Imitha yesiginci itenxa kakhulu kwisakhiwo esisisiseko semitha: Ikhangeleka ngathi yimitha ngaphambili, kodwa ngakumbi njengokrebe ngasemva. Kwaye imitha yebhastile ithwala uthotho lwezakhiwo ezifana nezinyo emqolo ukuze izikhusele kumarhamncwa. Imitha inemvakalelo entle kakhulu yokujoja kunye nokubamba. Kwaye banelungu elongezelelweyo le-sensory: i-ampoules ye-Lorenzini. Zibonakala njengemingxuma emincinci phambi kwentloko.
Ngaphakathi kwee-ampoules kukho into eyigelatinous esetyenziswa yimitha ukuva amandla ombane aphuma kwiintshukumo zemisipha zexhoba lawo. Ngama-ampoules e-Lorenzini, imisebe iyakwazi "ukuva" amaxhoba abo kwi-seafloor kwaye ayifumane ngaphandle koncedo lwamehlo abo - angaphezulu kwemizimba yawo.
Abahlobo kunye neentshaba ray
Imitha ikhusela kakhulu: abanye bazikhusela ngokutshitshiswa ngumbane, abanye ngokuhlaba okunetyhefu okanye umqolo wamazinyo abukhali emqolo. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha imitha iyabaleka: Emva koko bacinezela amanzi kwiibilini zabo kwaye basebenzise lo mgaqo we-recoil ukudubula emanzini ngesantya sombane.
Izala njani imitha?
Imitha ibeka amaqanda amile okwe-capsule egqunywe ngofele apho abantwana bakhula khona. Iqokobhe likhusela intshontsho kodwa liyawavumela amanzi ukuba adlule ukuze imbumba ibe neoksijini. Ukuze amaqanda angathwalwa ngumsinga, anezixhobo ezijijekileyo apho amaqanda axinga ematyeni okanye kwizityalo.
Kwezinye iintlobo, amantshontsho akhula ngaphakathi kwamaqanda ngaphakathi kumzimba kamama. Intshontsho liqandusela apho okanye kamsinya nje emva kokuba i-oviposition. Ixesha lokukhula de kuqanduselwe - kuxhomekeke kwiintlobo - iiveki ezine ukuya kwi-14. Imitha emincinci ayikhathalelwa ngumama wayo kodwa kufuneka izimele ngosuku lokuqala.
Care
Itya ntoni imisebe?
Imitha ikakhulu itya izilwanyana ezingenamqolo ezifana nembaza, oononkala, kunye ne-echinoderms, kodwa zikwaneentlanzi. Ezinye, njengemitha yemanta enkulu, zitya iplankton, izidalwa ezincinane zizihluza emanzini olwandle ngeegilidi zazo.