UMary Allen
Imivundla zizilwanyana ezanyisayo. Njengemivundla, imivundla ikwangowosapho lwemivundla. Ngokwenzululwazi, imivundla kunye nemivundla kunzima ukwahlula. Nathi, nangona kunjalo, ilula: eYurophu, kuphela umvundla omdaka uhlala, kwiiAlps kunye naseScandinavia nako mvundla weentaba. Eminye imivundla yasendle.
Ukongezelela eYurophu, imivundla ibisoloko ihlala kuMntla Merika, eAsia naseAfrika. Namhlanje bakwahlala eMzantsi Merika naseOstreliya kuba basiwa apho ngabantu. Umvundla we-arctic ungahlala ukusuka kwimimandla esemantla ukuya kufutshane ne-arctic.
Imivundla eBrown ibonwa lula ngeendlebe zabo ezinde. Uboya bazo butyheli-mdaka emqolo kwaye bumhlophe kwizisu zabo. Umsila wakhe omfutshane umnyama namhlophe. Ngemilenze yazo emide yangasemva, ziyakhawuleza kakhulu kwaye zinokutsibela phezulu. Bayakwazi nokujoja kwaye babone kakuhle kakhulu. Bahlala kumhlaba ovuleke ngokwaneleyo, oko kukuthi kumahlathi ashinyeneyo, amadlelo kunye namasimi. Kwiindawo ezinkulu ezivulekileyo, i-hedges, izihlahla kunye nemithi emincinci zibalulekile ukuze zizive zikhululekile.
Iphila njani imivundla?
Imivundla ihlala yodwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo baphuma kwaye malunga nokuhlwa kunye nasebusuku. Zitya ingca, amagqabi, iingcambu, neenkozo, oko kukuthi iinkozo zazo zonke iintlobo. Ebusika zikwatya namaxolo emithi.
Imivundla ayakhi imingxunya. Bakhangela imingxuma emhlabeni ebizwa ngokuba yi “Sassen”. Oko kuvela kwisenzi hlala - wahlala. Ngokufanelekileyo, ezi pads zigutyungelwe kuhlaza, okwenza indawo yokufihla okulungileyo. Iintshaba zabo ziimpungutye, iingcuka, amarhamncwa, oongqatyana neentaka ezidla inyama njengezikhova, okhetshe, oonomoshe, amaxhalanga nokhetshe. Abazingeli bakwathanda ukudubula umvundla ngamaxesha athile.
Kwimeko yokuhlaselwa, imivundla iya kudada kwipakethi yayo kwaye inethemba lokuba ayizufunyanwa. Umbala wazo omdaka obuzifihlayo nawo uyabanceda. Ukuba oko akuncedi, bayabaleka. Banokufikelela kwisantya esifikelela kuma-70 eekhilomitha ngeyure, ngokukhawuleza njengehashe lomdyarho elilungileyo. Iintshaba, ke ngoko, zibamba ikakhulu izilwanyana ezincinci.
Izala njani imivundla?
Imivundla yaseYurophu idibana ukusuka ngoJanuwari ukuya kuOktobha. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha malunga neeveki ezintandathu kuphela. Umama udla ngokuthwala isilwanyana esincinci ukuya kwisihlanu okanye kwanesithandathu. Emva kweeveki ezintandathu, umntwana uya kuzalwa. Yintoni ekhethekileyo malunga nemivundla emdaka kukuba inokukhulelwa kwakhona ngexesha lokukhulelwa. Umama okhulelweyo ke uthwala izilwanyana ezincinci ezineminyaka eyahlukeneyo. Imazi izala ukuya kutsho kathathu ngonyaka. Kuthiwa ukujula kude kube kathathu.
Iimveku sele zinoboya. Zinokubonwa kwaye zinobunzima obumalunga ne-100 ukuya kwi-150 grams. Oko kuninzi okanye kancinci kunebha yetshokolethi. Bangakwazi ukubaleka ngokukhawuleza, yingakho kuthiwa "i-precocial". Bachitha ixesha elininzi bodwa, kodwa bahlala besondelelene. Umama ubatyelela kabini ngemini aze abanike ubisi ukuba basele. Ngoko bancanciswa.
Umvundla omdaka wanda ngokukhawuleza, kodwa abemi bawo basengozini apha. Oku kuvela kwezolimo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, eziphikisana neendawo zokuhlala zomvundla. Umvundla udinga amatyholo kunye neendawo ezimdaka. Ayinakuphila kwaye iphindaphindeke kwintsimi enkulu yengqolowa. Ityhefu esetyenziswa ngamafama amaninzi nayo iyayigulisa imivundla. Iindlela yenye ingozi enkulu kwimivundla: izilwanyana ezininzi zigilwa ziimoto. Imivundla ingaphila ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka elishumi elinesibini, kodwa malunga nesiqingatha semivundla ayiphili ixesha elide kunonyaka.