Umfanekiso we-European Pond Turtle

I-Emys orbicularis, i-European pond turtle, kuphela kweentlobo zofudo oluvela ngokwemvelo eJamani kwaye lusengozini yokuphela kweli lizwe. Umbutho waseJamani weHerpetology (i-DGHT ngokufutshane) uye wahlonipha le ntlobo yezilwanyana ezinwabuzelayo ngebhaso elithi "Reptile of the Year 2015" ngenxa yesimo sayo sokukhusela esikhethekileyo. Ngoko ubhala uGqr. Axel Kwet kwiphepha lasekhaya le-DGHT:

I-European pond turtle ifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo njenge-flagship yolondolozo lwendalo yasekhaya kwaye ngoko imele ezinye iintlobo ezininzi ukutsalela ingqalelo ebungozini bezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo kunye nezilwanyana zasemanzini kunye neendawo zokuhlala.

I-Emys Orbicularis – iZilwanyana eziKhuselwe ngokuNgqongileyo

Ngokwe-Federal Species Protection Ordinance (BArtSchV), olu hlobo lukhuselwe ngokungqongqo kwaye lukwadweliswe kwiSihlomelo II kunye ne-IV ye-Habitats Directive (I-Directive 92/43 / EEC kaMeyi 21, 1992) nakwiSihlomelo II seSivumelwano saseBern. (1979) ngokulondolozwa kwezilwanyana zasendle zaseYurophu kunye neendawo zazo zokuhlala zendalo.

Ngezizathu ezikhankanyiweyo, izilwanyana zirekhodwa ngokusemthethweni kwaye kufuneka ube nephepha-mvume elikhethekileyo lokuzigcina, onokuthi ufake isicelo kumasipala ofanelekileyo. Akukho mthethweni ukurhweba ngezilwanyana ngaphandle kokuba namaphepha afanelekileyo. Xa uthenga, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo ekufumaneni iimvume ezinyanzelekileyo ezixeliweyo.

Kwiimeko ezininzi, kuya kufuneka uthenge izilwanyana ngokusebenzisa abafuyi abakhethekileyo. Iivenkile zezilwanyana zasekhaya ubukhulu becala zinciphisa uluhlu lwazo kwiifudo ezinemibala eqaqambileyo ezisuka kuMntla Melika ekulula ukuzifumanela umthengisi kwaye zinokuthengelwa umthengi ngexabiso eliphantsi. Xa uphanda ngemithombo efanelekileyo yokubonelela, ii-ofisi zezilwanyana zasekuhlaleni zingakwazi ukukunceda.

Ukuziqhelanisa noFudo lwePond yaseYurophu ukuya kwiMozulu

I-European pond turtle iguqulelwe ngokuguquguqukayo kwiimeko zemozulu ephakathi ukuze ukwazi ukugcina le ntlobo ngokufanelekileyo kwi-free-range - ngakumbi i-subspecies i-Emys orbicularis orbicularis. Ukongeza kokugcina nokunyamekela echibini, kukho kwakhona ukhetho lokugcina izilwanyana kwi-aqua terrarium. I-Turtle yase-European pond Kwiincwadi ezifanelekileyo zeengcali, ukugcinwa kunye nokunyamekela izilwanyana eziselula (ukuya kwiminyaka emithathu) kwi-aqua terrarium kucetyiswa. Ngaphandle koko, ukufuya ngokukhululekileyo - ngaphandle kwezifo, ukulungelelaniswa, njl njl - kukhethwa, nangona izilwanyana ezikhulileyo nazo zingagcinwa kwi-vivarium, phakathi kwezinye izinto ezibonelela ngokunyamekela kunye nokulawula abantu. Izizathu zokuzigcina zikhululekile ziya kuba yikhosi yendalo yosuku kunye nonyaka kunye nobukhulu obuhlukeneyo bemitha yelanga, enenzuzo kwimpilo kunye nemeko yamafudo. Ukongeza, amachibi anezityalo ezifanelekileyo kunye nomhlaba othe kratya wendalo anokumela indawo yokuhlala yendalo. Ukuziphatha kwezilwanyana kunokujongwa ngokungangxengwanga ngakumbi kwindawo ephantse ibe yendalo: Ubunyani bokujongwa buyanda.

Ubuncinci beeMfuneko zokuGcina

Xa ugcina kwaye ukhathalela i-Emys orbicularis, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kweyona migangatho isezantsi imiselweyo:

• Ngokutsho "kwiNgxelo malunga neemfuneko ezincinci zokugcinwa kwezilwanyana ezirhubuluzayo" ze-10.01.1997, abagcini banyanzelekile ukuba baqinisekise ukuba xa isibini se-Emys orbicularis (okanye ii-turtles ezimbini) zigcinwe kwindawo ye-aqua terrarium, indawo yabo yamanzi ubuncinane ngokuphindwe kahlanu ubukhulu bubude beqokobhe lesona silwanyana sikhulu, kwaye ububanzi buyisiqingatha sobude be-aqua terrarium. Ubude bomgangatho wamanzi kufuneka buphindwe kabini ububanzi betanki.
• Ngofudo ngalunye olongezelelweyo olugcinwe kwi-aqua terrarium efanayo, i-10% kufuneka yongezwe kule milinganiselo, ukusuka kwisilwanyana sesihlanu i-20%.
• Ngaphaya koko, indawo enyanzelekileyo yomhlaba kufuneka ikhathalelwe.
• Xa kuthengwa i-aqua terrarium, ukukhula kobukhulu bezilwanyana kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo, njengoko iimfuno ezincinci ziguquka ngokufanelekileyo.
• Ngokwengxelo, ubushushu obukhanyayo kufuneka bube malunga. 30 °C.

URogner (2009) ucebisa ubushushu obumalunga ne-approx. 35 ° C-40 ° C kwikhowuni yokukhanya yesifudumezi esikhazimlayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukomiswa ngokupheleleyo kwesikhumba sesirhubuluzi kwaye ngaloo ndlela kubulawe iintsholongwane ze-pathogenic.

Ngokwengxelo, ezinye izixhobo ezingundoqo ezibalulekileyo zezi:

• i-substrate yomhlaba efanelekileyo kumphakamo owaneleyo,
• iindawo zokufihla,
• amathuba okunyuka (amatye, amasebe, amasetyana) anobungakanani obufanelekileyo kunye nemilinganiselo,
• mhlawumbi ukutyala ukudala i-microclimate efanelekileyo, njengendawo yokufihla, phakathi kwezinye izinto,
• xa ugcina iimazi ezikhethekileyo zokubeka iqanda ngokwesondo.

Ukugcina kwi-Aquaterrarium

I-Aquaterrariums ifaneleke kakhulu ukugcina imizekelo emincinci ye-turtles yamachibi aseYurophu, njengezilwanyana ze-B. zabantwana, kwaye zikunika ithuba lokusebenzisa ulawulo olungaphezulu kwiimeko zokuhlala kunye nophuhliso lwezilwanyana. Utyalo-mali lwezixhobo eziyimfuneko ludla ngokuba ngaphantsi kunolwezolimo lwasimahla.

Ubungakanani obuncinci be-aqua terrarium buphuma kwiimfuno ezincinci ezimiselweyo (jonga ngasentla). Njengesiqhelo, ezi zezona mfuno zisezantsi ngokupheleleyo. Ii-aqua terrariums ezinkulu zihlala zikhethwa.

Isikhundla se-vivarium kufuneka sikhethwe ukwenzela ukuba kungabikho mqobo okanye umonakalo kwindawo ejikelezayo yeengcango kunye neefestile kwaye xa ukhetha igumbi, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuphepha ukuphazamiseka rhoqo kunye nengxolo ukwenzela ukuba unganyanzeli izilwanyana. Iindonga ezikufutshane kufuneka zome ukukhusela ukubunjwa kwesikhunta.

Ngezizathu zococeko, kwakhona, kusengqiqweni ukwenza inxalenye enkulu yomhlaba ifumaneke, njengoko amanzi ekwimekobume efanelekileyo yeebhaktheriya, i<em>fungi, nezinye ii<em>microorganisms ezinokukhokelela kwisifo sofudo lwasechibini.

Ukusetyenziswa kwezibane ezifanelekileyo kubaluleke kakhulu ekomisweni nasekufudumeni ufudo, kubandakanywa izibane zensimbi ze-halide ngokubambisana nezibane ze-fluorescent. Ukuze ugweme ukukhenkceza kwesibane sesibane se-fluorescent, ii-ballasts ze-elektroniki (EVG) zikhethwa kwii-ballasts eziqhelekileyo. Xa ukhetha ukukhanyisa, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba kukho i-spectrum ye-UV efanelekileyo, nokuba izibane ezihambelanayo zibiza kakhulu kodwa ziyimfuneko kwimetabolism kunye nempilo yofudo. Ngokumalunga nokukhanya, eyona khosi yejografi yemini nonyaka kufuneka imodareyithwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe indawo yokuhlala eyindalo kangangoko. Izibali-xesha zingasetyenziselwa oku. Benza ukuba izibane zikwazi ukucinywa nokucinywa emini.

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo komgangatho wamanzi kunye notshintsho olusekelwe kwiimfuno zamanzi yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolondolozo. Olu tshintsho lunokwenzeka ngeevalvu zombhobho okanye “ngendlela yokufunxa ithumbu”. Iinkqubo zokucoca zingasetyenziswa ukuba nje zingakhokelela kwimisinga engathandekiyo ejikeleza iifudo kunye neenxalenye zamanzi zijikeleze kwaye zikhokelela ekusetyenzisweni kwamandla okwandisiweyo zizilwanyana. Kukwakho nenketho yokuncamathisela umbhobho wokubuyisela kwisihluzo esingaphezulu komphezulu wamanzi. I-rippling ithanda unikezelo lweoksijini kwaye ngenxa yoko kunesiphumo esihle kumgangatho wamanzi.

UBächtiger (2005) ucebisa ukuba kuthintelwe ukuhluzwa ngoomatshini kumachibi abekwe ngqo ecaleni kwefestile. Ukusetyenziswa kweentyatyambo zeembaza kunye neehyacinths zamanzi njengokuhluza kwebhayoloji kuyavakala: Udaka luyakhutshwa ngamaxesha athile kwaye isitya sizaliswe ngamanzi amatsha.

Amasebe (umzekelo, isebe elinzima leSambucus nigra) kunye nokunye okunjalo kunokulungiswa kwindawo yamanzi kunye nokwakhiwa kwedama. Iimfudo zamadama zinokukhwela phezu kwayo kwaye zifune iindawo ezifanelekileyo elangeni. Izityalo zasemanzini ezidadayo kwenye indawo yedama zibonelela ngokhuselo nokhuseleko.

Ukutyiswa rhoqo kunye nokubekwa esweni kokutya okukutyayo zizinto ezibalulekileyo zokugcina kunye nokubakhathalela. Xa utyisa izilwanyana ezincinci, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba zineprotheyini eyaneleyo. Kwakhona kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwi-calcium ephezulu. Echibini, unokwenza ubukhulu becala ngaphandle kokutya okongeziweyo, njengoko ngokuqhelekileyo kukho ezininzi iinkumba, iintshulube, izinambuzane, imibungu, njl. , iicarbohydrates, amafutha, iivithamini kunye neeminerali.

Iintshulube kunye nemibungu yezinambuzane kunye namaqhekeza enyama yenkomo, eziye zatyetyiswa ngevithamini kunye nezandiso zeminerali, zifanelekile ukondla okongeziweyo. Akufanele utyise iinkukhu eziluhlaza ngenxa yomngcipheko we-salmonella. Kufuneka ungafane utyise intlanzi njengoko iqulethe i-enzyme ethiaminase, ethintela ukufunxwa kwe-vitamin B. Ukutya iintonga zokutya ezinokuthengwa kulula ngakumbi. Nangona kunjalo, kuya kufuneka uqinisekise ukutya okwahlukeneyo kwaye ulumke ungatyisi kakhulu izilwanyana!

Izikhongozeli zokubeka kufuneka zenziwe kubafazi abaqolileyo ngokwesondo (Bächtiger, 2005), ezizaliswe ngumxube wesanti kunye nepeat. Ubunzulu be-substrate kufuneka bube malunga ne-20 cm. Umxube kufuneka ugcinwe ufumile ngokusisigxina ukuthintela ukuba umngxuma wamaqanda ungadiliki ngexesha lokwemba. Isifudumezi esikhanyayo (isibane se-HQI) kufuneka sifakwe ngaphezu kwendawo nganye yokubeka. Ubusika obufanelekileyo beentlobo bumele umngeni omkhulu kumntu oqhelekileyo. Kukho izinto ezahlukeneyo ezinokwenzeka apha. Kwelinye icala, izilwanyana zinokuzifihla kwisikhenkcisi kumaqondo obushushu angaphezulu kancinane kwindawo yokukhenkceza, kwelinye icala, amafudo ayakwazi ukulala kwindawo epholileyo (4 ° -6 ° C), kwigumbi elimnyama.

Ukugcina echibini

Indawo efanelekileyo yenkqubo ye-Emys yangaphandle kufuneka ibonelele ngelanga elininzi kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngoko icala elisezantsi liluncedo kakhulu. Kungcono ukuvumela ukukhanya kwelanga ukusuka kwicala elingasempuma kwangoko kwiiyure zasekuseni. Imithi evuthulukayo kunye neelatshi akufuneki zibe kufutshane nedama, njengoko amagqabi okanye iinaliti eziwayo zinempembelelo embi kumgangatho wamanzi.

Ucingo lokuphunyuka kunye ne-opaque okanye okufanayo kuyacetyiswa kumda wenkqubo. Izakhiwo zokhuni ezifana ne-upside-down L zifaneleka kakhulu apha, njengoko izilwanyana zingenako ukunyuka kwiibhodi ezithe tye. Kodwa izivalo ezenziwe ngamatye agudileyo, ikhonkrithi okanye izinto zeplastiki nazo zizibonakalise ngokwazo.

Kufuneka ugweme ukunyuka kwezityalo kunye nezihlahla ezinkulu kumda wenkqubo. U-Emys ngabaculi bokwenyani abanyukayo kwaye basebenzise amathuba amaninzi okuhlola indawo ejikelezileyo.

Ucingo kufuneka luntywiliselwe ii-intshi ezimbalwa emhlabeni ukuze luthintele ukuba lungonakaliswe. Ukubonelela ngokhuseleko kumarhamncwa asemoyeni (umz. iintaka ezahlukahlukeneyo), ingakumbi kwizilwanyana ezincinci, umnatha okanye igridi phezu kwesixokelelwano.

Umgangatho wedama ungagqunywa ngodongwe, ukhonkrithiwe, kwaye ugcwaliswe ngegrabile okanye unokudalwa ngendlela yefoyile echibini okanye usebenzisa amadama eplastiki asele eveliswe ngaphambili okanye iimethi zeplastiki zokomelezwa kwefibre. ULanger (2003) uchaza ukusetyenziswa kwezi methi ze-GRP ezikhankanywe ngasentla.

Ukutyalwa kwendawo yamanzi kunokukhethwa ngokukhululekileyo. Ngamachibi e-foil, nangona kunjalo, i-bulrushes kufuneka igwenywe, njengoko iingcambu zinokubhoboza i-foil.

UMähn (2003) ucebisa ezi ntlobo zezityalo zilandelayo zommandla wamanzi wenkqubo ye-Emys:

• I-hornwort eqhelekileyo (Ceratophyllum demersum)
• I-crowfoot yamanzi (Ranunculus aquatilis)
• Uzipho lukaCrab (Statiotes aloides)
• Idada (Lemna gibba; Lemna minor)
• Ukulunywa ngamasele (Hydrocharis morsus-ranae)
• I-pond rose (iNufar lutea)
• Inyibiba yamanzi (Nymphaea sp.)

UMähn (2003) unika ezi ntlobo zilandelayo zokulima ebhankini:

• Ummeli wosapho lwesedge (Carex sp.)
• Icephe lesele (Alisma plantago-aquatica)
• Iintlobo zeIris ezincinci (Iris sp.)
• Imifuno yepike yaseMntla (Pontederia cordata)
• IMarsh marigold (iCaltha palustris)

Uhlaza oluxineneyo alunikeli nje umphumo wokucocwa kwamanzi kuphela kodwa lukwabonelela neendawo zokufihla izilwanyana. Ufudo olusakhulayo lwaseYurophu luthanda ukuchitha ilanga kumagqabi enyibiba. Amafudo afumana ukutya apho kwaye angacwangcisa ukutya kwawo ngokufanelekileyo. Ukuzingela ixhoba eliphilayo kufuna imoto, i-chemosensory kunye nezakhono ezibonakalayo kwaye kufuna ulungelelwaniso. Oku kuya kugcina ufudo lwakho lusempilweni kwaye lunomngeni.

Idama ngokuqinisekileyo liqulathe iindawo ezinzulu zamanzi ashushu ngokukhawuleza.

Imimandla yamachibi anzulu nayo iyimfuneko, njengoko amanzi apholileyo efuneka ukulawula ubushushu.

Ubuncinci ubunzulu bamanzi obusika bezilwanyana kwindawo ebiyelweyo kufuneka bube malunga noko. 80 cm (kwiindawo ezithandwa yimozulu, kungenjalo i-100 cm).

Amasebe aphuma kwisakhiwo samanzi echibini kwaye anike ii-turtles ithuba lokuthatha ilanga elibanzi ngaxeshanye kunye nokufuna ikhusi phantsi kwamanzi ngokukhawuleza xa kukho ingozi.

Xa ugcina amadoda amabini okanye ngaphezulu, kufuneka udale indawo evulekileyo evulekileyo equkethe ubuncinane amachibi amabini, kuba ukuziphatha kwendawo yezilwanyana zamadoda kudala uxinzelelo. Izilwanyana ezibuthathaka zinokubuyela kwelinye ichibi kwaye imilo yendawo iyathintelwa.

Ubungakanani bechibi bukwabalulekile: kwindawo enkulu yamanzi, ngokutyalwa okufanelekileyo, ibhalansi yendalo iyasekwa, ukuze ezi nkqubo zingabinasondlo, nto leyo ilunge kakhulu kwelinye icala kwaye ithintele ungenelelo olungeyomfuneko. kwindawo yokuhlala kwelinye. Ukusetyenziswa kweempompo kunye neenkqubo zokucoca zingakhutshwa phantsi kwezi meko.

Xa uyila ibhanki, kufuneka unike ingqwalaselo kwiindawo ezingenzulwanga zebhanki ukuze izilwanyana zikwazi ukuwashiya amanzi ngokulula (izilwanyana eziselula kunye nezisele zikhulile zirhaxwa lula ukuba iindawo zebhanka zingumnqantsa kakhulu okanye zigudile kakhulu). Iimathi zekhokhonathi eziqiniweyo okanye izakhiwo zamatye emphethweni wamanzi zinokusebenza njengoncedo.

Iziza ze-Oviposition zabasetyhini abaqolileyo ngokwesondo kufuneka zenziwe zifumaneke ngaphandle. UMähn (2003) ucebisa ukuba kwenziwe iinduli zokubeka amaqanda. Umxube wesinye kwisithathu sesanti kunye nesibini kwisithathu somhlaba wegadi wegadi unconywa njenge-substrate. Ezi nduli kufuneka ziyilwe ngaphandle kwezityalo. Ukuphakama kwezi zinyuko malunga ne-25 cm, ububanzi malunga ne-80 cm, isikhundla kufuneka sikhethwe njengento evelele elangeni ngokusemandleni. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezithile, isityalo sikwafanelekile ukusabalalisa kwendalo. Uluhlu lokutshekisha oluhambelanayo lunokufumaneka kwiRogner (2009, 117).

Esinye isityalo sinokukhuliswa zizityalo ezixineneyo, eziphantsi.

isiphelo

Ngokugcina kunye nokukhathalela esi sirhubuluzi sinqabileyo nesikhuselweyo, ubandakanyeka ngokubonakalayo kulondolozo lweentlobo. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ungawajongeli phantsi iimfuno zakho: ukukhathalela ubomi obukhuselweyo ngendlela efanelekileyo yeentlobo, ngakumbi ixesha elide, sisenzo esinzima kakhulu esifuna ixesha elininzi, ukuzinikela kunye nomzamo.