UMary Allen
Iipayini zezona zixhaphakileyo zesibini kumahlathi ethu. Ngapha koko, iipayina zezona zixhaphakileyo emhlabeni jikelele. Zikwabizwa ngokuba yimipayini. Kukho ngaphezu kwekhulu leentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemithi yompayina. Xa bebonke benza i-genus.
Imithi yepine ingaphila iminyaka engama-500, kwaye kwezinye iimeko ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-1000. Zifumaneka ezintabeni ukuya kumgca womthi. Imithi yompayina ikhula ibe malunga neemitha ezingama-50 ubude. Ubukhulu bayo bufikelela kwimitha enye enesiqingatha. Imithi emidala yompayina idla ngokuphulukana nenxalenye yamaxolo ayo kwaye ithwala kuphela kumasebe amancinci. Iinaliti ziyawa emva kweminyaka emine ukuya kwesixhenxe.
Amathupha aneentyatyambo yindoda okanye imazi. Umoya uthwala umungu ukusuka kwelinye ihlumela ukuya kwelinye. Iicones ezingqukuva zikhula ukusuka koku, ezithi ziqale zime nkqo. Ekuhambeni konyaka, baqala ukuhla. Iimbewu zinamaphiko ukuze umoya uzithwalele kude. Oku kuvumela imithi yepine ukuba iphindaphindeke ngcono.
IKhowuni yePine yoMfazi
Iintaka, oomatse, iimpuku nezinye izilwanyana ezininzi zasehlathini zitya imbewu yompayina. Amaxhama, amaxhama abomvu, i<em>chamois, i- ibex nezinye izilwanyana zidla ngokuwatya amathole okanye amahlumelo. Amabhabhathane amaninzi atya incindi yemithi yompayina. Iindidi ezininzi zooqongqothwane zihlala phantsi kwexolo.
Abantu bayisebenzisa njani ipayina?
Umntu usebenzisa iinkuni ezininzi zepine. Iqulethe i-resin eninzi kwaye ngoko ifanelekile ngakumbi kwizakhiwo zangaphandle kunemithi ye-spruce kuba ibola ngokukhawuleza. Amathafa amaninzi okanye i-cladding ke ngoko yenziwe ngepine. Ngenxa ye-resin, i-pine wood ivumba elinamandla kwaye limnandi.
Ukusukela kwiPalaeolithic Age ukuya ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, [[i-resin (izinto)|kienspan]] yayisetyenziselwa ukukhanyisa. Amaxesha amaninzi le nkuni ide yaphuma kwiingcambu zompayina, kuba iqulathe intlaka engaphezulu. Iitshefu zepine zazifakwa kwisibambi njengezigodo ezicekethekileyo kwaye zikhanyiswe njengetotshi encinci.
Intlaka nayo yayitsalwa kumthi wompayina. Oku kwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini ezahlukeneyo: mhlawumbi ixolo lomthi lalikrwela kwaye ibhakethi lijinga phantsi kwendawo evulekileyo. Okanye zonke iinkuni zazibaswe eziko ngendlela yokuba zingabasi, kodwa intlaka yayiphela.
I-resin yayiyeyona glu ingcono nangaphambi kweXesha Eliphakathi. Idityaniswe namafutha ezilwanyana, yayikwasetyenziswa njengesithambiso kwii-axles zeenqwelo ezahlukeneyo kunye neenqwelo. Kamva, i-turpentine yayinokukhutshwa kwi-resin kwaye isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iipeyinti zokupeyinta, umzekelo.