UMary Allen
Imithi yesundu zizityalo esizaziyo kumazwe asemazantsi. Ngokuqhelekileyo banesiqu eside apho amagqabi awileyo. Kukho amagqabi kuphela phezulu. Amagqabi afana neefeni okanye iintsiba zentaka. Eminye imithi yesundu ivelisa iziqhamo ezimnandi, iikhokhonathi, okanye iidatilisi.
Imithi yesundu inokwahluka kakhulu. Kwiingcali zebhayoloji, iintende zenza intsapho. Iqulethe 183 genera kunye 2600 iintlobo ezahlukeneyo. Imithi yesundu ngabaphambili: Elona gqabi lide kwindalo ligqabi lesundu elinobude obuziimitha ezingama-25. Eyona mbewu inzima ehlabathini nayo iphuma kumthi wesundu kwaye inobunzima obuziikhilogram ezingama-22. Esona siqu side sidubula silingana neemitha ezisixhenxe ezinesiqingatha kwaye sikhula nasemthini wesundu.
Uninzi lwemithi yesundu ifumaneka kumahlathi ashinyeneyo, kodwa nakwiindawo apho kukho amanzi amancinci. Zikwakhula nakwi-subtropics, umzekelo malunga neMeditera. Zikhona yonke indlela eya kwiiAlps, umzekelo eTicino eSwitzerland. Kodwa zikhula nakwiindawo ezinemozulu eshushu kakhulu emantla eAlps, umzekelo kwiCanton yaseUri. Umoya ofudumeleyo apho, i-foehn, yenza ubomi babo bubekho.
Ikhula njani imithi yesundu?
Imithi yesundu yahluke kakhulu. Zingakhula ziye kumashumi amathandathu eemitha ukuphakama okanye zihlale phantsi kakhulu. Abanye bazimele bodwa, abanye ngokwamaqela. Abanye badubula izihlandlo ezininzi ebomini babo, abanye kube kanye kuphela, emva koko bafe.
Imithi yesundu ayiyomithi. Isiqu sazo siye sityebe kuphela apho sikhula khona ngobude, oko kukuthi, sihlala siphezulu. Akwenziwanga nangomthi wokwenene. Ngoko kuthiwa kuphela ukuba i-trunk "ligified". Iziqu zesundu zihlala zibhityile.
Kwimithi yesundu embalwa, iintyatyambo zineenxalenye zobuduna nemazi, njengama-apile ethu, iipesika, namaqunube neziqhamo ezininzi. Kwiintlobo ezininzi zesundu, iintyatyambo yindoda okanye imazi. Oku kusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kumasimi edati: zimbini okanye ezintathu zesundu eziziinkunzi ezityalwe kwikhulu lesundu labasetyhini. Abasebenzi bakhwela umthi wesundu oyindoda kwaye bafumane i-inflorescences. Emva koko bakhwela kwizityalo ezizimazi baze bachumise iintyatyambo apho.
Uninzi lwemithi yesundu ifuna isichumisi esincinci emhlabeni. Kunjalo ke ehlathini, kodwa nasentlango. Imithi yesundu ekwihlathi elinemvula inyamezela amanzi amaninzi. Imithi yesundu kwii-oases yaneliswa ngamanzi amancinci. Awudingi mvula. Amanzi aphantsi komhlaba anele kubo kuba aneengcambu ezinzulu kakhulu. Zininzi ngakumbi ezi ntlobo kunezi ntlobo ezikwiindawo ezimanzi.
Kukuphi ukutya okubonelela ngesundu?
Malunga neentlobo ezili-100 zemithi yesundu zivelisa iziqhamo ezityiwayo. Sazi kuphela ezimbini zazo. Sithenga iintsuku kunye okanye ngaphandle kwelitye kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo sizitya ngolo hlobo, ngamanye amaxesha zizaliswe nge-marzipan okanye ezinye izinto. Eyesibini yikokonathi. Udla ngokuthenga i-pulp yabo kuthi kwiziqwenga ezomisiweyo nezigayiweyo ukubhaka into ngazo. Kukho neepastries ezininzi esele zenziwe nge-coconut flakes. Unokwenza i-coconut fat kwi-pulp, esihlala siyisebenzisela ukuqhotsa. Imargarine isoloko iqulethe amafutha ekhokhonathi.
I-palmyra palm ixhaphake kakhulu kwihlabathi. Ungasoloko usika isilayi esibhityileyo kwiintyatyambo zayo zobudoda kwaye usisebenzise ukukhama ijusi equlethe iswekile eninzi. Ungayibilisa kwaye ufumane iswekile ekhethekileyo. Unako kwakhona ukuyiyeka ijusi ibile ukuvelisa utywala. Le yiwayini yesundu.
Ioli yesundu ifumaneka kwi-oil palm. Iziqhamo zayo zimalunga neesentimitha ezintlanu ubude kunye neesentimitha ezintathu ubukhulu. Malunga nesiqingatha sepulp sineoli, enokuthi icinezelwe ngaphandle. Oko kwenza ioli yesundu. Iinkozo zikwaquka malunga nesiqingatha seoli, ekuthotywa kuyo ioli ye-palm kernel. Malunga namashumi amabini eekhilogram zeziqhamo zikhula emthini wesundu minyaka le. Ioli yesundu yinto entle ngokwayo. Asikho esinye isityalo esinokuvuna ioli eninzi kangako kwindawo enye. Ingxaki kukuba amahlathi amakhulu ayagawulwa ukuze kwenziwe amasimi eoli yesundu. Oku kwenzeka kakhulu eMalaysia naseIndonesia.
Kukho iindawo ezingaphakathi kwisiqu phezulu kwesundu ezinokutyiwa. Zibizwa ngokuba "iintliziyo zesundu" okanye "iintliziyo zesundu". Noko ke, ukwenza oku, kufuneka ugawule umthi wesundu, kuba wawungasayi kuphinda ukhule. Intliziyo yesundu ifumaneka ikakhulu eBrazil, eParaguay, naseArgentina. Uhlala uphumelela iintliziyo zesundu xa ihlathi lisusiwe.
Ziziphi izinto zokwakha ezibonelelwa yimithi yesundu?
Kumazwe amaninzi, izindlu zakhiwa ngezizwe. Abahlali bagquma uphahla ngamadiza amagqabi esundu. Zigcina amanzi ngaphandle kakuhle kakhulu ukuba uzipakishe kakuhle. Ngaphambili, eYurophu, uphahla lwalugqunywe ngeendiza okanye ngeengcongolo ngendlela efanayo.
Iintende ze-rattan zibonelela ngamahlumela amancinci anokuthi adityaniswe kakuhle kakhulu. Siyazi ifenitshala ye-rattan evenkileni. Kwivenkile yezandla, amahlumela adla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi "rattan canes". Ungayisebenzisa ukuluka iibhaskithi, izihlalo zezitulo, okanye ifanitshala yokuhlalisa yonke. Ekubeni singazikhuli iisundu ze-rattan, kwakusetyenziswa amahlumela omngcunube. Lo mthi sasidla ngokuwunyamekela kanye ngale njongo.
Yintoni enye imithi yesundu eyilungeleyo?
Imithi yesundu ibalulekile emhlabeni. Zibamba umhlaba kunye neengcambu zazo. Ngoko umoya nemvula ayinakuwuthwala umhlaba.
Imithi yesundu isikhumbuza ngeeholide ezisemazantsi, mhlawumbi yiloo nto abantu beyithanda kakhulu. Imithi yesundu ngoko idla ngokutyalwa ezimbizeni. Emva koko unokuzibeka ngaphandle ehlotyeni kwaye uzise kwindawo efudumeleyo ebusika. Kukho neentlobo zesundu kwiimbiza ezinokuthi zigcinwe ngaphakathi unyaka wonke.