UMary Allen
Ii-orangutan luhlobo lweemfene ezinkulu ezifana neegorila kunye neechimpanzi. Zizezi zilwanyana ezanyisayo yaye zizona zizalamane ezisondeleyo ebantwini. Ngokwendalo, bahlala kuphela kwiziqithi ezibini ezinkulu zaseAsia: iSumatra kunye neBorneo. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu zeeorangutan: iBornean orangutan, iSumatran orangutan, kunye neTapanuli orangutan. Igama elithi "orang" lithetha "umntu", kwaye igama elithi "utan" lithetha "ihlathi". Kunye, oku kubangela into efana ne "Forest Man".
Iiorangutan zinobude obuziimitha ezintlanu ukusuka entloko ukuya ezantsi. Iimazi zifikelela kwi-30 ukuya kwiikhilogram ezingama-50, iinkunzi malunga neekhilogram ezingama-50 ukuya kuma-90. Iingalo zabo zinde kakhulu kwaye zinde kakhulu kunemilenze yabo. Umzimba we-orangutan ukulungele ukukhwela emithini kunomzimba weegorila kunye neetshimpanzi. Uboya bee orangutan bubomvu bumnyama ukuya kutsho bubomvu-bumdaka ngeenwele ezinde. Iinkunzi ezindala ngakumbi ziba namaqhuma angqindilili ezidleleni zawo.
Ii-orangutan zisengozini enkulu. Esona sizathu: abantu bathabatha iindawo zokuhlala ezininzi ngakumbi ngokususa amahlathi ngenxa yokuba iinkuni zinokuthengiswa ngamaxabiso aphezulu. Kodwa abantu bakwafuna ukutyala amasimi. Uninzi lwamahlathi amandulo agawuliwe, ngakumbi ioli yesundu. Abanye abantu bafuna ukutya inyama yeorangutan okanye bagcine i-orangutan eselula njengesilwanyana sasekhaya. Abaphandi, abazingeli abangekho mthethweni nabakhenkethi bosulela iiorangutan ezingakumbi ngezifo. Oku kunokuphulukana nobomi bazo iiorangutan. Utshaba lwabo lwendalo lungaphezu kwayo yonke ingwe yaseSumatran.
Ziphila njani iiorangutan?
Iiorangutan zisoloko zikhangela ukutya kwazo emithini. Ngaphezu kwesiqingatha sokutya kwabo sisiqhamo. Bakwatya amandongomane, amagqabi, iintyatyambo nembewu. Ngenxa yokuba zomelele kwaye zinzima kakhulu, zikwazi ukugoba amasebe ezantsi ngakuzo ngeengalo zazo ezomeleleyo zize zitye kuzo. Ukutya kwabo kwakhona kubandakanya izinambuzane, amaqanda eentaka, kunye nezilwanyana ezincinci.
Ii<em>orangutan zinobuchule bokukhwela emithini. Baphantse bangaze baye emhlabeni. Kuyingozi kakhulu kubo apho ngenxa yamahlosi. Ukuba kufuneka ziye emhlabeni, ngokuqhelekileyo kuba imithi iqelelene kakhulu. Noko ke, iiorangutan azizixhasi ngeminwe emibini xa zihamba njengeegorila neechimpanzee. Bazixhasa ngamanqindi okanye kwincam yezandla zabo.
Ii<em>orangutan ziphaphame emini yaye zilala ebusuku, njengokuba kunjalo ngabantu. Kubusuku ngabunye bakhe indlwane entsha yamagqabi emthini. Abafane balale kabini ngokulandelelana kwindlwane enye.
Ubukhulu becala ii<em>orangutan zihlala zodwa. Ingxaki kukuba umama kunye namathole akhe. Kwakhona kwenzeka ukuba iimazi ezimbini zihamba kunye zifuna ukutya. Xa iinkunzi ezimbini zidibana, zidla ngokuxambulisana kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zixabane.
Zizala njani iiorangutan?
Ukuveliswa kwakhona kunokwenzeka unyaka wonke. Kodwa kwenzeka kuphela ukuba izilwanyana zifumene ukutya okwaneleyo. Ukukhwelana kwenkunzi kwenzeka ngeendlela ezimbini: Iinkunzi ezizulazulayo zinyanzela ukuba ngesondo nemazi, nto leyo ebantwini ebizwa ngokuba ludlwengulo. Noko ke, kukwakho nokukhwelana ngokuzithandela xa inkunzi izinze kwindawo yayo. Kukho malunga nenani elifanayo lolutsha kuzo zombini iintlobo.
Ukukhulelwa kuthatha malunga neenyanga ezisibhozo. Leyo yindlela umama ethwele ngayo ithole lakhe esiswini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izala itakane elinye kuphela ngexesha. Ambalwa kakhulu amawele.
Intshontsho leorangutan linobunzima obumalunga nekhilogram enye ukuya kwezimbini. Emva koko isela ubisi kumabele kanina malunga neminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine. Ekuqaleni, ithole libambelela esiswini sikanina, lize kamva likhwele ngomqolo. Phakathi kweminyaka emibini ukuya kwemihlanu, itakane liqalisa ukunyuka lijikeleza. Kodwa iya kude kangangokuba unina usenokuyibona. Ngeli xesha iphinda ifunde ukwakha indlwane ize ingasalali nonina. Phakathi kweminyaka emihlanu nesibhozo ubudala, iyaziqhelanisa ngakumbi nangakumbi nonina. Ngeli xesha, umama unokukhulelwa kwakhona.
Iimazi kufuneka zibe neminyaka esixhenxe ubudala phambi kokuba ii-orangutan zizale ngokwazo. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqhelekileyo kuthatha malunga neminyaka eyi-12 ngaphambi kokuba ukukhulelwa kwenzeke. Iinkunzi zihlala zimalunga ne-15 leminyaka ubudala xa ziqala ukukhwelana. Ayithathi xesha lide kangako kwezinye iinkawu ezinkulu. Esi sesinye sezizathu zokuba ii-orangutan zisengozini yokuphela. Iimazi ezininzi zeeorangutan zinamantshontsho amabini ukuya kwamathathu kuphela ebomini bazo.
Ii<em>orangutan ziphila de zibe neminyaka engama-50 ubudala endle. Kumyezo wezilwanyana, inokuba yiminyaka engama-60. Kwimizi yogcino-zilwanyana, izilwanyana ezininzi ziba nzima kakhulu kunasendle.