UMary Allen
Amakhowa zizinto eziphilayo. Ziquka iiseli ezizimeleyo ezinenucleus. Kwibhayoloji, benza ubukumkani babo ecaleni kwezilwanyana kunye nezityalo. Zifana kakhulu nezityalo kuba azikwazi ukuzihambela ngokwazo. Noko ke, ngokungafaniyo nezityalo, umngundo awufuni ukukhanya kwelanga ukuze uphile. Indlela umngundo ekuthatha ngayo ukutya kwaye igcine amandla nayo isondele kwizityalo kunezilwanyana.
Eyona nto sibhekisela kuyo kakhulu njengefungus yinxalenye kuphela yento ephilayo iyonke. Kwimeko yamakhowa amakhulu, sihlala sibona kuphela umzimba weziqhamo, okhoyo wokusasaza. Eyona nto ingungundo ilungile, ngokuqhelekileyo iphantse ingabonakali inethiwekhi emhlabeni okanye emthini.
Amakhowa abaluleke kakhulu kumjikelo wendalo: adiliza inkunkuma, izilwanyana ezifileyo kunye nezityalo ezifileyo. Oku kubabuyisela emhlabeni. Umngundo wenza lo msebenzi umzekelo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ichaphazela ukutya okanye iindawo zokuhlala, isilumkiso siyafuneka, okanye ingcali iyafuneka.
EUnited States, kukho ikhowa elikhule ngaphezu kommandla omalunga neekhilomitha ezintathu zesikwere. Mhlawumbi uneminyaka engama-2400 ubudala. Lo mngundo sesinye sezona zidalwa zidala nezikhulu emhlabeni.
Iifungi zondla kwaye zizala njani?
Amakhowa afunxa izondlo zawo ngomphezulu, ngoko akuyomfuneko ukuba atye aze awaginye. Zidla ngokukhupha uhlobo oluthile lwamathe kumphezulu. Oku kuqhekeza ukutya ukuze kungene kumngundo ngomphezulu.
Ukuzala akunasini kuninzi lwefungi. Umngundo ngokulula nje waqhekeza amasuntswana amancinane abizwa ngokuba ziimbewu. Emva koko bayawa, ngokufuthi bethatyathwa ngumoya. Ukuba ziwela kwindawo efanelekileyo, zinokuqhubeka zikhula apho.
Abantu bawasebenzisa njani amakhowa?
Amanye amakhowa angatyiwa. Umntu ebesoloko eyazi loo nto. Kukho amakhowa anempilo, anencasa. Ezinye azinancasa, kodwa nazo azibi buhlungu. Iqela lesithathu libangela intlungu yesisu kodwa ayikho ingozi kakhulu. Iqela lesine lamakhowa linetyhefu kangangokuba abantu bayafa ukuba bawatyile. Kufuneka ke ngoko utye amakhowa asuka kwindalo ukuba uyayazi into oyenzayo, okanye uye ajongwe yingcali.
Ifungus ekhethekileyo ibaluleke kakhulu xa ubhaka isonka: imvubelo. Lo mngundo uneeseli ezizimeleyo. Xa ifumile kwaye ishushu, bagaya iswekile, abayifumana nakumgubo. Oku kuvelisa igesi engenabungozi, ikharbon diokside. Oko kwenza imingxuma kwintlama. Ukongezelela, kuveliswa iasidi, eyenza isonka sibe nencasa eqhelekileyo.
Umngundo weYeast nawo uyafuneka kwimveliso yebhiya. Kuhlala kukho iinkozo ebhiya. Igwele lithatha iswekile kulo liyijike libe butywala. Ukongezelela, kuveliswa nekharbon diokside, nto leyo eyenza amaqamza akwibhiya.
Ukungunda okuthile kuyafuneka ngamanye amaxesha ukwenza isonka samasi. Itshizi emhlophe yokungunda ithambile ngaphakathi kwaye inomaleko omhlophe ngaphandle owenziwe ngundo. I-cheese ye-blue mold iqulethe i-blue inclusions, nayo eyenziwa ngumbumba. Amakhowa nawo ayesebenza kwiiyogathi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo kunye neemveliso ezifanayo. Banika iimveliso incasa ekhethekileyo.
Umngundo ekwenziwa ngawo isibulali-zintsholongwane ipenicillin sibaluleke kakhulu kwezonyango. Inceda kwizifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezibangelwa usulelo lwebhaktheriya apho kwakungekho ncedo ngaphambi kokufunyanwa kwepenicillin.