UMary Allen
Iimbaza ziimoluska ezineqokobhe eliqinileyo elineevalvu ezimbini. Zihlala kwihlabathi liphela, ukusuka kwiArctic ukuya kwiAntarctic, kwaye zihlala zisemanzini. Uninzi lwazo luhlala emanzini olwandle, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-11,000 yeemitha. Kodwa kukwakho neembaza kumanzi anebrackish nafreshi, oko kukuthi kumachibi nasemilanjeni.
Kukho malunga ne-10,000 yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zoonokrwece baselwandle. Iintlobo eziphindwe kabini sele zingasekho. Kubo, kukho iifosili kuphela.
Ikhangeleka njani imizimba yembaza?
Isitya singaphandle. Inezahlulo ezimbini. Zidityaniswe ngohlobo lwehenjisi. Kwimbaza, le hinge ibizwa ngokuba “sisitshixo”. Amaqokobhe aqinile kwaye anekalika eninzi kunye nezinye iiminerali. Ngaphakathi ugqunywe ngunina weeperile.
Idyasi ivale intloko namathumbu. Ezinye iimbaza ziphantse zavaleka kwaye zinemingxuma emithathu kuphela: amanzi anokutya neoksijini angena ngembobo enye, kwaye inkunkuma iphuma namanzi kwelinye. Uvulo lwesithathu lolonyawo.
Intloko iye yabuyela umva ngexesha lokuziphendukela kwemvelo. Ulwimi oludlwengulayo nalo luphantse lwaphela. Encamini yomlomo kukho iifeva ezineeyelashes, ezityhala amaqhekezana amancinci okutya aye ngasekuvulekeni komlomo.
Kwiintlobo ezininzi zeembaza, unyawo luye lwancipha kakhulu. Ukwenza oku, kuvelisa uhlobo lweglue kwiimbaza ezincinci, ezifana ne-slime kwi-snails. Ngale glu, i-mussel inokuthi inamathele ezantsi okanye kwenye i-mussel kwaye iphinde ikhuphe kwakhona.
Zizondla njani imbaza?
Iimbaza zifunxa amanzi. Ziyihluza oku kwiintsiba njengentlanzi. Ngokwenza njalo, abagcini nje ukukhupha i-oksijini emanzini, kodwa kunye neplankton. Kukutya kwabo oku. Basebenzisa iinzwa ukutyhala iplankton emlonyeni wabo.
Ngoko iimbaza ezininzi zifunxa amanzi amaninzi zize ziwakhulule kwakhona. Nangona kunjalo, oku kuthetha ukuba izixa ezikhulu zetyhefu ezivela emanzini zingena emizimbeni yazo. Oku akuyingozi kuphela kwiimbaza ngokwazo, kodwa nakubantu abatya iimbaza.
Kukwakho namaqokobhe olwandle. Bemba iinkuni baze batye kuzo. Ziyakwazi ukutshabalalisa zonke iinqanawa kwaye ngoko zoyikwa kakhulu ngabantu.
Zimbalwa kakhulu iintlobo zeembaza abazingeli. Basemva koononkala abancinci. Ziyifunxa ngaphakathi kunye nomsinga wamanzi kwaye zisetyise.
Ziphila njani kwaye zizala njani?
Uninzi lweembaza zineenkunzi nemazi. Abadibani omnye nomnye ukuze bavelise kwakhona. Iinkunzi zikhuphela iiseli zazo zamadlozi emanzini, zize iimazi zibe amaqanda azo. Oku kunokwenzeka kuba iimbaza zihlala zisondelelene.
Iiseli zamadlozi kunye neeseli zamaqanda ziyazifumana. Emva kokuchumisa, imibungu ikhula kuyo. Olu luhlobo lobomi phakathi kweqanda eliqhame kunye neqokobhe elilungileyo.
Iimbaza ezincinci zinokuhamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. Uninzi lwazo luvula kwaye luvalwe amaqokobhe. Oku kunokufaniswa nokuphaphazela kwamaphiko entaka. Abanye bazolula iinyawo zabo, bazincamathelise phantsi baze batsale imizimba yabo. Emva koko bakhulula i-adhesive kwaye balule unyawo kwakhona. Uhlobo lwesithathu lufunxa emanzini kwaye lukhuphe ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubangela intshukumo ngokomgaqo we-rocket.
Ekupheleni kwexesha lokufikisa, iimbaza zikhangela indawo efanelekileyo ezinokuzincamathela kuyo. Bachitha ubomi babo abadala apho. Ngokukodwa iimbaza kunye neembatyisi zenza iikoloni. Kodwa nezinye iintlobo zezilwanyana ziyakwenza oko. Kuthe kusenjalo, elinye iqokobhe linamathela kwelinye.
Yintoni umama weperile?
Ingaphakathi leembaza ezininzi likhazimla ngemibala eyahlukeneyo. Lo maleko ubizwa ngokuba ngumama weperile. Izinto eziphathekayo zikwabizwa ngokuba ngumama weperile. Oku kuthetha ukuba lo mbandela ngumama weeperile.
Umama-we-pearl ebesoloko egqalwa njengexabiso. Ubucwebe boMama-we-pearl bukhona ukusukela kwi-Stone Age. Kwanangaphambi kokuba uColumbus eze eMelika, oonokrwece babenentsingiselo efanayo neyethu iingqekembe. Ngoko yayiyimali yokwenene yelizwe.
Ubucwebe be-mother-of-pearl bunokufumaneka kwihlabathi jikelele. Ngaphambili, amaqhosha oomama-we-pearl ayenziwe kwaye asetyenziswe kwiihempe kunye neebhulukhwe. Kusekho i-mother-of-pearl inlays kwizixhobo zomculo ezibizayo, umzekelo kwintamo yeziginci, ukuze imvumi ikwazi ukufumana indlela yayo.
Zenziwe njani iiperile?
Iiperile ziingqukuva ezingqukuva okanye izigaqa ezenziwe ngezinto ezifana kakhulu nomama-weperile. Kwakukade kucingwa ukuba imbaza yayisetyenziselwa ukusongela intlabathi eyayingena kuyo, nto leyo eyayibenza bangabi nabungozi.
Namhlanje, izazinzulu zicinga ukuba ii-parasites zinokufudukela kwimbaza. Ezi zizidalwa ezincinci ezifuna ukutya imbaza ngaphakathi. Imbaza izikhusela ngokusonga ezi zifunxi-gazi ngeperile. Le yindlela eyenziwa ngayo iiperile.
Abantu bawasebenzisa njani amaqokobhe olwandle?
Eyona ndlela ilula kukuqokelela amaqokobhe emanzini afika emadolweni. Xa amaza aphantsi, zidla ngokulala phezu komhlaba. Kungenjalo, kufuneka uzintywilisele.
Ubukhulu becala iimbaza ziyatyiwa. Ukutya kufana neentlanzi. Ehlabathini lonke abantu basebenzisa lo mthombo wokutya ngaselwandle. Nangona kunjalo, iindawo zikhawuleza zikhutshwe ngenxa yokuba iimbaza zikhula ngokucothayo.
Ezinye iintlobo zeembaza zikulungele ukulima, ngakumbi iimbaza, iimbaza, kunye neembaza. Ezi mbaza zikwahlala ngokusondeleleneyo kwindalo kwaye zenza iibhedi zeembaza. Abantu bazalela ezo mbaza kwiindawo ezivalelekileyo ezifanelekileyo okanye kwiitrellises. Emva kokuvuna, baya emarikeni.
Nabani na othenga iperile namhlanje udla ngokufumana iperile enenkcubeko. Kuphela ziintlobo ezithile zeembaza ezifanelekileyo kule nto. Kufuneka uvule igobolondo kwaye ukhuphe inxalenye ethile yengubo kuyo. Iingceba zayo ezincinci zityalwa kwezinye iimbaza. Iperile iyenze ijikeleze kuyo. Ngokuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwembaza, oku kuthatha iinyanga ezimbalwa ukuya kwiminyaka emininzi.
Ngaba uyaluva ulwandle lutyhutyha amaqokobhe?
Ukuba ubambe iqokobhe lembaza elingenanto endlebeni yakho, uya kuva isandi esitswinayo. Ungarekhoda le ngxolo ngombhobho. Ngoko asiyontelekelelo, kodwa kwakhona asiyosandi solwandle.
Iqokobhe leconchi elingenanto liqulethe umoya onjengexilongo okanye isiginci. Ngokuxhomekeke kwifomu, lo moya unentshukumo ewufaneleyo. Oku kungcangcazela sikuva njengesandi.
Iqokobhe lembaza licholachola zonke izandi eziza kulo ngaphandle. Ifunxa kwaye igcine ukungcangcazela okuyifanele imo yangaphakathi. Oko sikuva njengengxolo xa sibambe iqokobhe leconchi ezindlebeni zethu. Siva phantse ingxolo efanayo kwiqokobhe elingenanto lenkumba yolwandle, mhlawumbi ngokucace ngakumbi. Kodwa nangona ikomityi okanye ikomityi endlebeni, kukho ingxolo efanayo.