UMary Allen
Ubisi lulwelo onokulusela. Zonke izilwanyana ezanyisayo ezisandul’ ukuzalwa zisela ubisi kumama wazo zize zitye kulo. Ngoko umntwana uyanya, kwaye unina uyancancisa.
Umzimba kamama unelungu elikhethekileyo apho ubisi luveliswa khona. Kwabasetyhini, siyibiza ngokuba ngamabele. Kwizilwanyana ezinempuphu, ngumbele, kwezinye, yimibele. Into ezifakwa zizilwanyana emilonyeni yimibele.
Nabani na othetha ngobisi okanye othenga ubisi apha udla ngokuthetha ubisi lwenkomo. Kodwa kukwakho nobisi lwegusha, iibhokhwe, neemazi zamahashe. Amanye amazwe asebenzisa ubisi lweenkamela, iiyaks, iinyathi zasemanzini nezinye izilwanyana ezininzi. Ubisi olusezwa ziintsana zethu koomama bazo lubizwa ngokuba lubisi lwebele.
Ubisi yinto efanelekileyo yokuphelisa unxano. Ilitha yobisi iqulethe malunga needesilitha ezilithoba zamanzi. Idesilitha eseleyo yahlulahlulwe yangamacandelo amathathu asondla kakuhle yaye ngalinye lilingana nomlinganiselo ofanayo: Amafutha yikrimu onokwenza ngayo ibhotolo, isabhokhwe okanye iayisikrimu. Iprotheni isetyenziselwa ukwenza itshizi kunye neyogathi. Uninzi lwelactose luhlala kulwelo. Emva koko kukho i-calcium mineral, ebaluleke kakhulu ekwakheni amathambo ethu, kunye neevithamini ezahlukeneyo.
Ubisi lubalulekile kulimo lwethu. Abantu namhlanje bafuna ubisi oluninzi kunye neemveliso zobisi. Kuphela yingca enokukhula kumathambeka, kwanakumadlelo asezintabeni. Iinkomo zithanda ukutya ingca eninzi. Zazikhuliselwa ukunika ubisi oluninzi kangangoko kwaye zinikwa ukutya okukhethekileyo okunjengombona, ingqolowa, nezinye iinkozo.
Nangona kunjalo, kukwakho abantu abanemizimba engaluphathi kakuhle ubisi. Umzekelo, banokunganyamezeli iprotheyini yobisi. Abantu abaninzi baseAsia abakwazi ukulunyamezela kwaphela ubisi xa sele bebadala. Basela ubisi lwesoya, luhlobo lobisi olwenziwe ngeembotyi zesoya. Yenziwe ngohlobo lobisi olwenziwa ngeekhokhonathi, irayisi, ihabile, iiamangile nezinye izityalo.
Ingaba kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zobisi?
Ubisi lohluka kakhulu ngokwesilwanyana oluphuma kuso. Umahluko ulele kumlinganiselo wamanzi, amafutha, iprotein kunye nelactose. Ukuba uthelekisa ubisi lweenkomo, lwegusha, lwebhokhwe, lwamahashe nolwabantu, ngoko xa uthi krwada nje umahluko mncinci. Sekunjalo, awukwazi nje ukutyisa umntwana ubisi lwesilwanyana unina ongenalo ubisi. Wayengenako ukuyithabatha. Ngoko ke kukho ubisi olukhethekileyo lomntwana oludityaniswa ngabantu kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.
Umahluko uba mkhulu xa uzithelekisa nezinye izilwanyana. Ubisi lweminenga lolona luhlab’ umxhelo: Luqulethe amafutha neeproteni eziphindwe kalishumi kunobisi lwenkomo. Iquka kuphela malunga nesiqingatha samanzi. Ngenxa yoko, iminenga eselula ikhula ngokukhawuleza.
Ungaluthenga ubisi lwenkomo olwahlukileyo?
Ubisi ngokwalo luhlala lufana. Nangona kunjalo, kuxhomekeke kwindlela umntu awaziphatha ngayo ngaphambi kokuba azithengise. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, into enye icacile: ubisi kufuneka lupholiswe ngokukhawuleza emva kokusenga ukuze kungabikho zintsholongwane ezinokuphindaphinda kulo. Kwezinye iifama, ungazibhodlela ngokwakho ubisi olusandul’ ukusengwa kunye nelbandayo, uluhlawule, kwaye uhambe nalo.
Evenkileni, uthenga ubisi ngepakethe. Kubhalwe kulo ukuba ubisi lusenawo onke amanqatha okanye inxalenye yawo isusiwe. Kuxhomekeke ekubeni lubisi olupheleleyo, ubisi olunamafutha aphantsi, okanye ubisi oluncitshisiweyo.
Kukwaxhomekeke ekubeni ubisi belushushu kangakanani na. Ngokuxhomekeke kwixesha elihlala ixesha elide, ezinye iivithamini zilahlekile. Emva konyango olunamandla, ubisi luya kugcina malunga neenyanga ezimbini kwingxowa evaliweyo ngaphandle kokuyifakela efrijini.
Ubisi oluphathwa ngokukodwa luyafumaneka kubantu abanengxaki ye-lactose. Ilactose iqhekezwe ibe yiswekile elula ukuze igaywe ngakumbi. Iswekile yobisi ibizwa ngokuba yi "lactose" kwijargon yobugcisa. Ubisi oluhambelanayo lubhalwe ngokuthi "ubisi olungenayo i-lactose".