UMary Allen
Ihlathi eliphambili lihlathi elenziwe ngendalo. Yazivelela ngokwayo kwaye akukho mikhondo yokugawulwa kwabantu okanye ukutyala kuyo. Amahlathi amandulo nawo agqalwa njengamahlathi apho abantu baye bangenelela kangangexesha elithile. Kodwa ke bayeka ukuyenza baza balishiya ihlathi besiya kwindalo kwakhona. Emva kwexesha elide ngokwaneleyo, umntu unokuphinda athethe ngehlathi.
Malunga nesinye kwisihlanu ukuya kwisinye kwisithathu sayo yonke indawo yamahlathi emhlabeni jikelele ngamahlathi aphambili. Oko kuxhomekeke kwindlela olisebenzisa ngayo ixesha elide. Kodwa ke umntu makangalibali ukuba amahlathi amaninzi anyamalele ngokupheleleyo. Namhlanje kukho amasimi, amadlelo, amasimi, izixeko, iindawo zoshishino, izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, njalo njalo. Amahlathi aphambili kunye namahlathi asele esetyenziswa anyamalala ngakumbi nangakumbi kwihlabathi liphela.
Igama elithi “ihlathi” nalo alicacanga ngokupheleleyo. Amaxesha amaninzi umntu uqonda kuphela amahlathi ashinyeneyo. Kodwa zininzi ezinye iintlobo zamahlathi amandulo, amanye aseYurophu kodwa uninzi lwamanye amazwe emhlabeni.
Zeziphi iindidi zamahlathi akhoyo?
Phantse isiqingatha samahlathi anemvula. Ezona zinkulu kwaye zibaluleke kakhulu kwi-Amazon Basin eMzantsi Melika, kwi-Congo Basin e-Afrika, nakuMzantsi-mpuma we-Asia.
Kwakhona, phantse isiqingatha samahlathi amandulo ngamahlathi ashinyeneyo kwiindawo ezibandayo, ezikumantla ehlabathi. Zifumaneka eKhanada, emantla Yurophu naseAsia. Isazinzulu sibabiza ngokuba yi-boreal coniferous forest okanye taiga. Kukho i-spruces kuphela, iipayini, iifirs, kunye ne-larch apho. Ukuze ihlathi elinjalo likhule, akufuneki libe shushu kakhulu kwaye imvula okanye ikhephu kufuneka liwe rhoqo.
Ihlathi lihlathi elishinyeneyo kwiindawo ezishushu. Amahlathi amaninzi amandulo abizwa ngokuba ngamahlathi. Ngomqondo omncinci, umntu uthetha ngamahlathi kuphela e-Asia, apho kukho i-monsoon. Omnye ukwathetha ngehlathi ngendlela efuziselayo. Umzekelo, uthi: “Lihlathi eli” xa amaphepha exutywe kangangokuba awusakwazi nokuwabona.
Iindidi eziseleyo zehlathi zisasazwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Kukwakho namahlathi amandulo eYurophu. Nangona kunjalo, benza inxalenye encinane kakhulu yendawo yonke yamahlathi.
Ngawaphi amahlathi amandulo akhoyo eYurophu?
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, eyona nxalenye inkulu yamahlathi amandulo asekho eYurophu ikumntla weYurophu. Zingamahlathi e-coniferous kwaye unokufumana eyona inkulu kubo ikakhulu kumantla eRashiya, kodwa nakwiScandinavia.
Elona hlathi likhulu kuMbindi Yurophu likwiiCarpathians. Le yintaba ephakamileyo empuma Yurophu, ubukhulu becala ehlala eRomania. Noko ke, namhlanje izazinzulu ezininzi zicinga ukuba abantu sele bengenelele kakhulu apho yaye eli ayiselilo ihlathi lokwenene. Kwindawo ekufutshane, kusekho amahlathi amakhulu e-beech.
EPoland, kukho ihlathi elixubene lamagqabi kunye ne-coniferous, elisondele kakhulu kwihlathi lamandulo. Kukho ii-oki ezinkulu, imithi yothuthu, imithi yekalika, kunye nemithi. Noko ke, ngoku eli hlathi ligawulwa ngokuyinxenye. Iingcali zokusingqongileyo ziwusa enkundleni lo mba.
Kumazantsi eOstriya, kusekho indawo eyintlango yaseDürrenstein enkulu. Yeyona ndawo iyintlango inkulu kuMbindi Yurophu. Ngokwenene, eyona nxalenye yayo ingaphakathi ihleli ingekachukunyiswa kwaphela ngabantu ukusukela kwi-Ice Age yokugqibela.
Phezulu kwiiAlps kusekho amahlathi angekachukunyiswa asondele kakhulu kumahlathi amandulo. E-Switzerland, kukho amanye amahlathi amathathu amancinane kodwa angaphambili: elinye lilinye kwiicanton zaseSchwyz, eValais naseGraubünden.
EJamani, akusekho mahlathi amandulo. Zimbalwa iindawo ezifika kufutshane nehlathi. Le yiPaki yeSizwe yaseBavaria, iPaki yeSizwe yaseHarz, kunye nommandla kwiHlathi laseThuringian. KwiPaki yeSizwe yaseHainich, kukho amahlathi amadala ee<em>beech abomvu aye ayekwe ukuba azisebenzise ngokufanelekileyo kangangeminyaka engama-60.