Iinyaniso ezinomdla malunga neNtliziyo yeNja

Isifo senhliziyo kwizinja asiqhelekanga kwaye sifumaneka kakuhle ngaphambi kokuba iimpawu zokuqala zivele.

Intliziyo idlala indima ephambili ekuboneleleni umzimba wonke. Iqinisekisa ukuba igazi elityebileyo kwi-oksijini kunye nezondlo zityhulwa kwiinqanawa ukuya kuzo zonke izitho kunye nokuba iimveliso ze-metabolism yenkunkuma kunye ne-carbon dioxide ziyasuswa kwakhona. Ukuba intliziyo inesifo, ngokukhawuleza okanye kamva ayiyi kuphinda ikwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi. Iziphumo zidla ngokuza ngokuthe ngcembe. Izinja ezinesifo senhliziyo zihlala zingathandi ukwenza, ukukhohlela okanye ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza kunangaphambili. Ukufa isiqaqa ngesiquphe ngamanye amaxesha kunokubonwa, kwaye kwiimeko ezinqabileyo kunye nezigaba eziphambili kwanokuphefumla kancinci. Iinwebu eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye isisu esidumbe ngolwelo sinokubonisa intliziyo engasebenzi ngokwaneleyo.

Kubalulekile, nangona kunjalo, ukuba ezi mpawu zinokuthi zenzeke nakwezinye izifo, okt azikho ngqo. Ngugqirha wezilwanyana kuphela onokuxilonga ukuba inja inemeko yentliziyo kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, yintoni emva kokuxilongwa ngokucokisekileyo.

Isifo sevalve yentliziyo yasekhohlo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-mitral endocarditis, sixhaphake kakhulu kwizilwanyana ezindala zeenja ezincinci. Kwinja esempilweni, iivalvu zentliziyo zithintela igazi ukuba lingahambi kwicala elingalunganga ngaphakathi entliziyweni. Ukuba ivalve yasekhohlo ayisavaleki kakuhle, igazi libuyela kwi-atrium yangasekhohlo, elinokuthi lidlulele emiphungeni.

Iintlobo ezinkulu kunokwenzeka ukuba zihlupheke ngenxa yobuthathaka bemisipha yentliziyo, i-cardiomyopathy edibeneyo, okanye i-DCM emfutshane. Kwesi sifo, isihlunu sentliziyo sibuthathaka kakhulu ukumpompa igazi elaneleyo ngenkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi. Umzimba uzama ukuhlawulela oku ngokunyusa umthamo wegazi, phakathi kwezinye izinto. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba intliziyo ingenawo amandla okumpompa izixa ezikhulu, iiventricles zizalisa igazi elingakumbi nangakumbi. Oku kolula iindonga zamagumbi. Ziya zibhitya kwaye zibhitye kwaye ekugqibeleni ziguge. I-DCM inokuchaphazela nezinja ezincinci.

Izinja nazo zinokuzalwa zineziphene zentliziyo, nokuba azibonakali ngokukhawuleza. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukumamela iinjana ukuze zikwazi ukungenelela kwangethuba. Ngenxa yokuba xa inja ibonisa iimpawu, inokuba sele iphelile ukungenelela.

Isifo senhliziyo ngokuqhelekileyo sihambelana nokulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi. Ekuqaleni kokugula, inja ngokuqhelekileyo ayiqapheli nantoni na, ekubeni intliziyo inokubuyisela ngempumelelo ekuqaleni ukusebenza kwayo. Ngelishwa hayi kwixesha elide, kuba ekuhambeni kwexesha ezi ndlela zembuyekezo zibeka uxinzelelo olungakumbi kwintliziyo esele igula. Kungekudala okanye kamva, ke, zikhokelela ekuwohlokeni ngakumbi kunye neempawu ezibonakalayo.

Ukunqanda esi sangqa sikhohlakeleyo, kwenziwa iinzame zokukhulula kunye nokomeleza intliziyo ngoncedo lwamayeza. Ngale ndlela, ikhosi yesifo kufuneka ithotywe kwaye ukusebenza kwentliziyo ekhoyo kufuneka kugcinwe. Nangona kunjalo, iinguqu esele zenzekile kwiivalvu zentliziyo okanye kwizicubu zezihlunu zentliziyo ngokwazo azinakulungiswa nangamayeza. Ngaloo ndlela, unyango alunakwenzeka. Kodwa ngonyango olululo kunye nokuhlolwa rhoqo, izinja ezinesifo senhliziyo zihlala ziphila ubomi obungenankathalo.

Igazi elineoksijini eninzi eliphuma emiphungeni lifika kwi-atrium yasekhohlo kwaye limpontshelwe ukusuka kwi-ventricle yasekhohlo ukuya kwi-systemic circulation. Ukuba umsebenzi wentliziyo uthintelwe kweli cala, igazi lihlala entliziyweni. Yakha kuqala kwi-atrium yasekhohlo kwaye ekugqibeleni ibuyele kwimithambo yegazi yemiphunga. Ngenxa yoko, uxinzelelo olwandisiweyo lunyanzela ulwelo oluphuma kwiinqanawa ukuya kwizicubu kunye ne-alveoli. Ulwimi lwasekuhlaleni luthetha “ngamanzi emiphungeni”. Inja izama ukukhupha ulwelo ngokukhohlela. Njengoko inkqubo iqhubela phambili, ukuphefumula okunzima kwenzeka. Ukhohlokhohlo lunokuthi luqaliswe xa i-atrium yasekhohlo isanda ngenxa yegazi eliqokeleleneyo kwaye icinezele i-airways emiphungeni, i-bronchi.

Ukukhwehlela okunxulumene nentliziyo ngokuqhelekileyo kuhambelana nobuthathaka kwintliziyo yasekhohlo, enokuba nezizathu ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-valve yentliziyo ephosakeleyo ingaba ngasemva kwayo, okanye ubuthathaka bokupompa kwe-ventricle ekhohlo.

Ukuphulaphula intliziyo nge-stethoscope yinxalenye yovavanyo ngalunye oluqhelekileyo kwaye ngexesha elifanayo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yokuhlolwa kwentliziyo ekhethekileyo. Ugqirha wezilwanyana unika ingqwalasela kumaza, isingqisho, kunye nokuqina kwezandi zentliziyo. Uhlola enoba izandi zentliziyo zahlukene kusini na yaye enoba oko kubizwa ngokuba kukumbombozela kwentliziyo nako kunokuviwa kusini na ukongezelela kwizandi zentliziyo. Ukuba ugqirha wezilwanyana ufumanisa ukumbombozela kwentliziyo ngexesha lokuhlolwa kwesiqhelo, umzekelo ngexesha lokugonywa, kufuneka afikelele emazantsi alo mbandela. Kuba emva kwayo inako – nakwizilwanyana ezingabonisi zimpawu! -fihla isigaba sokuqala sesifo senhliziyo. Oogqirha bezilwanyana abanamava banokugqiba okuninzi ngokumamela. Kodwa ezinye izinto azinakujongwa ngolu hlobo, okanye azinakujongwa ngokucacileyo.

I-X-reyi ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ubungakanani kunye nokumila kwentliziyo kunye nendawo yayo esifubeni. Ukuqokelelana kolwelo kwingxowa ye-pericardial okanye kwimiphunga nako kunokubonwa ngale ndlela.

Uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound ngoku luyinxalenye yomgangatho wovavanyo olunzulu lwentliziyo. Ngoncedo lwabo, umntu unokuvavanya iivalve zentliziyo, ubukhulu beendonga zentliziyo, kunye nesimo sokuzaliswa kwamagumbi amabini entliziyo kunye ne-atria. Intliziyo inokulinganiswa "ngesandi". I-diameter yangaphakathi idla ngokugqitywa. Ngento ebizwa ngokuba yi-Doppler ultrasound yombala, unokujonga ukuhamba kwegazi kunye nemisinga ngexesha lomsebenzi wentliziyo. Ngokomzekelo, kwimeko yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwevalve ye-mitral, i-backflow kwi-atrium yasekhohlo ibonakala.

Ngokuzenzekelayo, i-cardiac arrhythmias inokuvavanywa ngcono nge-electrocardiogram (ECG). Ukuba zivela ngamaxesha athile kuphela, kunokucetyiswa ukuba wenze i-ECG yeeyure ezingama-24 (Holter ECG).

Okubizwa ngokuba zizandi zentliziyo zenzeka ngexesha lomsebenzi oqhelekileyo wentliziyo. Yonke into enokuviwa xa uphulaphule umsebenzi wentliziyo kubhekiselwa kuyo njengokumbombozela kwentliziyo. Ukukhalaza kweentliziyo akusoloko kungaqhelekanga, kodwa kwiimeko ezininzi, kubangelwa yintliziyo egulayo. Ngoko ke, ukufunyaniswa okunjalo kufuneka kucaciswe - nokuba inja ibonakala iphilile ngokupheleleyo. Usenokuba kwisigaba sokuqala sesifo senhliziyo, apho inja ingabonakali ngaphandle, kodwa ugqirha wezilwanyana unokukwazi ukubona utshintsho lokuqala entliziyweni. Ngoncedo lweendlela zokuvavanya ezikhethekileyo - ezifana ne-ultrasound - unokuvavanya ngokufanelekileyo ukuba kwanele ukuqhubeka nokujonga inja okwangoku, okanye ukuba unyango kufuneka luqaliswe. Ugqirha wezilwanyana unokuthumela umniniyo kwingcali yentliziyo malunga noku. Uphononongo lwamva nje lubonisa ukuba ubomi bezinja bunokwandiswa kakhulu ukuba, ngokusekwe kwiziphumo ezithile zentliziyo, unyango ngamachiza lwaqalwa phambi kokuba kuvele iimpawu zokuqala. Oku kunokuboniswa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into ebizwa ngokuba yi-calcium sensitizers. Ezi zizithako ezisebenzayo ezithi kwelinye icala zandise amandla entliziyo, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziphinde zikhulule intliziyo ngokwandisa izitya. Oku kunokuboniswa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into ebizwa ngokuba yi-calcium sensitizers. Ezi zizithako ezisebenzayo ezithi kwelinye icala zandise amandla entliziyo, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziphinde zikhulule intliziyo ngokwandisa izitya. Oku kunokuboniswa ngaphezu kwayo yonke into ebizwa ngokuba yi-calcium sensitizers. Ezi zizithako ezisebenzayo ezithi kwelinye icala zandise amandla entliziyo, kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziphinde zikhulule intliziyo ngokwandisa izitya.

Intliziyo nezintso zisondelelene. Imisebenzi yazo iyaphembelela enye kwenye, nto leyo ecaca ngakumbi xa elinye lala malungu mabini ligula. Kwinja enesifo senhliziyo, ukusebenza kwezintso kufuneka ngoko kuhlale kugcinwe engqondweni. Kwelinye icala, imisebenzi ethile yezintso inokusetyenziswa ngonyango ukuthomalalisa intliziyo. Iindlela ezisetyenziswa apha zibizwa ngokuba yi-diuretics kunye ne-ACE inhibitors.

I-Diuretics ikhupha iziyobisi. Zibangela ukuba izintso zikhuphe ulwelo oluninzi kumchamo. Ngale ndlela, umzimba uvinjwa ulwelo olungeyomfuneko oluqokelelene emiphungeni okanye emzimbeni.

I-ACE inhibitors ikhusela imithambo yegazi ekunciphiseni kakhulu. Umzimba uzama ukuhlawulela ukungabikho kwemveliso yentliziyo ngokukhawulela imithambo yegazi. Noko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, iyenza ixinezeleke ngakumbi intliziyo. Ukuba iinqanawa zihlanjululwe ngamayeza, intliziyo iyancipha ngenxa yokuba kufuneka isebenze ngokuchasene nokuchasana okuncinci.

Ibalulekile kwinja enesifo sentliziyo efumana amayeza ayo rhoqo nangomlinganiselo ochanekileyo. Kodwa, nokuba inja iba ngcono phantsi konyango, intliziyo iya kuhlala yonakele. Ayifanele ibe ngumthwalo ngokungeyomfuneko. Oko akuthethi ukuba inja ayikwazi ukusebenza; nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ahambe rhoqo, ngokulinganayo, nangobunzima besifo. Umgudu ogqithisileyo womzimba kufuneka uphetshwe kuyo nayiphi na imeko.

Ukutyeba kakhulu kubeka uxinzelelo olukhulu entliziyweni. Izinja ezineekhilogram ezininzi kufuneka ngoko zinciphise ubunzima bazo. Xa ukondla, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuba isiqulatho setyuwa ekutyeni siphantsi. Ityuwa yetafile ibophelela amanzi emzimbeni, nto leyo eyandisa umthwalo entliziyweni.

Abanini kufuneka bajonge inja yabo kubomi bemihla ngemihla, njengoko bemazi kakhulu. Ugqirha wezilwanyana usenokubonisa umniniyo indlela yokulinganisa izinga lokuphumla kokuphefumla. Isebenza njengendlela elula nethembekileyo yokulawula: Ukuba ukonyuka rhoqo, ulwelo lunokuba luqokelelene emiphungeni kwaye ugqirha wezilwanyana kufuneka aziswe ngoko nangoko. Ngaba inja idinwa ngokukhawuleza okanye ikhohlele ngakumbi? Ezi zisenokuba ziimpawu ezilumkisayo. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kugqirha wezilwanyana kunyanzelekile kwizigulana zentliziyo!

Ngokomgaqo, yonke inja inokuphuhlisa iingxaki zentliziyo ngexesha lobomi bayo. Akukho manyathelo athile okuthintela oku. Kodwa isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo kunye nokutya okunempilo, okunokulinganisela kunye nokuzilolonga okwaneleyo kuyo nayiphi na imeko ebalulekileyo kunye nesiseko esihle sobomi benja enempilo.

Amaqela athile asemngciphekweni kunokwenzeka ukuba abe nesifo sentliziyo. Kwizifo ezithile zevalvu, ezi ingakumbi kwizilwanyana ezindala zohlobo lwezinja ezincinci. I-Heart muscle muscle weak (DCM) ifumaneka ikakhulu kwiinja ezinkulu phakathi kweminyaka enye enesiqingatha kunye nesixhenxe. Isici esikhethekileyo yi-DCM ye-Doberman kunye ne-Boxer. Iyakhohlisa, kuba izilwanyana zibonakala zisempilweni ngokupheleleyo ixesha elide, nangona i-arrhythmias yentliziyo sele yenzekile, oko kukuthi isihlunu sentliziyo sele sonakele. Ukufa ngesiquphe akuqhelekanga kwaye nezinja ezisindayo kweli nqanaba azinalo ixesha elide lokuphila. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba isifo sifunyenwe kwaye sinyangwa ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale iimpawu zokuqala, ubomi bunokwandiswa kakhulu. Oku kulandelayo kusebenza kuzo zonke izifo zentliziyo: ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili, kungcono. Kubalulekile ke ngoko ukuba izilwanyana ezisemngciphekweni omkhulu zihlolwe intliziyo ngugqirha wezilwanyana rhoqo ngonyaka.

Umbuzo obuzwa rhoqo

Ibetha njani intliziyo yenja?

Uya kuziva ukubetha kwentliziyo ekhawulezayo kumantshontsho kunasezinja ezindala nezindala. Isantya sentliziyo esiqhelekileyo kwinjana siphakathi kwe-100 kunye ne-120 yokubetha ngomzuzu. Malunga neebhithi ezingama-90 ukuya kwezili-100 ngomzuzu kwinja endala, nezingama-70 ukuya kwezingama-80 ngomzuzu kwinja endala.

Zingaphi izivalo zentliziyo inja enazo?

Intliziyo ineevalvu zentliziyo ezine. Ezimbini kuzo ziphakathi kwe-atria ezimbini zentliziyo kunye namagumbi amabini entliziyo (ii-ventricles).

Ingakanani intliziyo yenja?

Silinganise intliziyo, kwaye i-longitudinal axis kunye ne-axis enqamlezayo yentliziyo iguqulwa ibe ubude be-thoracic vertebrae ngokwemigaqo ethile. I-Faust ilinganisa i-13.2 vertebrae, eqhelekileyo lixabiso le-9-10.5, kunye neentlobo ezinxulumene nokuzala.

Kutheni intliziyo yenja ikhula?

Isifo se-valvular esingapheliyo sesona sizathu siphambili sokungaphumeleli kwentliziyo kwizinja. Iyenzeka kakhulu kwizinja ezindala kunye neentlobo ezincinci ezifana neepoodle kunye needachshunds. Ivalve yentliziyo ijiyile kwaye ayivaleki ngokupheleleyo ngokubetha kwentliziyo nganye. Oku kubangela ukuba igazi libuyele kwimikhumbi kunye namalungu.

Yintoni ebangela ukuba kubanjwe intliziyo kwizinja?

Ukuba inja yakho itye isixa esikhulu se-caffeine, inokuya nakwi-coma kwaye ibanjwe yintliziyo. Iimpawu zokuqala zokuxilwa kwe-caffeine zivela emva kweeyure ezi-2 ukuya kwezi-4.

Kutheni izinja zingakwazi ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo?

Ingozi yokuhlaselwa yintliziyo kwizilwanyana nayo iyancitshiswa nge-genetically enqunywe - i-lipid metabolism eyahlukileyo. Ngenxa yoko, umngcipheko wokuphuhlisa i-atherosclerosis kwizilwanyana uphantsi kakhulu, kodwa awukho zero.

Kutheni inja isifa ngesiquphe?

Zininzi izizathu zokuba isilwanyana sakho singafa ngesiquphe. Ngokusebenzisa uphawu oluzuzwe njengelifa, ngenxa yesifo esingaziwayo, okanye ngenxa yokwenzakala. Esinye sezizathu eziqhelekileyo sisifo senhliziyo, ngakumbi i-cardiac arrhythmia, i-blood clots, kunye nesifo se-myocardial.

Kuthetha ukuthini xa izinja zikhefuzela?

Izinja azikwazi kubila kwaye kufuneka ziphefumle ukuphepha ukutshisa kakhulu. Emva kokuzibhokoxa okanye kubushushu obukhulu, kubalulekile ukuba inja ikhefuzele kakhulu. Ukuba inja ibhulukhwe ngexesha okanye emva kochulumanco lweemvakalelo, oku kungaphinda kuhlelwe njengokuziphatha okuqhelekileyo.