UMary Allen
Ubuncinci ukususela kwibhere emhlophe, i-Knut yaduma, iibhere ezimhlophe ziye zaba phezulu kwisikali sovelwano lwabantu. Nangona kunjalo, amarhamncwa asengozini kwindawo yawo yokuhlala yendalo.
iimpawu
Zikhangeleka njani iibhere ezimhlophe?
Iibhere ezimhlophe zizitshaba kwaye ziyinxalenye yosapho lweebhere ezinkulu. Ecaleni kweebhere ze-Kodiak zaseAlaska, zezona zilwanyana zinkulu emhlabeni. Ngokomyinge, amadoda angama-240 ukuya kuma-270 eesentimitha ubude, malunga ne-160 yeesentimitha ukuphakama, kwaye anobunzima be-400 ukuya kwi-500 yeekhilogram.
Iinkunzi ezime ngemilenze yazo yangasemva zifikelela kwiimitha ezintathu. KwiArctic yaseSiberia, ezinye iinkunzi zikhula ngakumbi kuba zitya amanqatha amaninzi. Iimazi zihlala zincinci kunenkunzi. Iibhere ezimhlophe zinembonakalo eqhelekileyo yebhere. Nangona kunjalo, imizimba yabo mide kunezihlobo zabo ezisondeleyo, iibhere ezimdaka.
Amagxa asezantsi kunomva womzimba, intamo inde kwaye ibhityile, kwaye intloko incinci kakhulu ngokunxulumene nomzimba. Ezona ziqhelekileyo ziindlebe ezincinci ezingqukuva. Iinyawo zinde kwaye zibanzi zineenzipho ezingqindilili, ezimfutshane, ezimnyama. Iinyawo zabo zineentambo phakathi kweenzwane zabo.
Uboya obushinyeneyo beebhere ezimhlophe butyheli-mhlophe ngombala, bukhaphukhaphu ebusika kunasehlotyeni. Iintende zeenyawo nazo zineenwele ezixineneyo, ziibhola zeenyawo kuphela ezingenabo uboya. Amehlo amnyama kunye neempumlo ezimnyama zibonakala ngokucacileyo kwintloko emhlophe.
Zihlala phi iibhere ezimhlophe?
Iibhere ezimhlophe zifumaneka kuphela kwi-hemisphere esemantla. Basekhaya kwimimandla ye-arctic yaseYurophu, eAsia, nakuMntla Merika, okt ukusuka eSiberia naseSvalbard ukuya eAlaska kunye neCanadian Arctic ukuya eGreenland. Kwi-Arctic, iibhere ezimhlophe zihlala kumazantsi ommandla womkhenkce okhukulisekayo, kwiziqithi nakunxweme loLwandlekazi lweArctic. Apho, umoya nemisinga yolwandle iqinisekisa ukuba kusoloko kukho iindawo zamanzi ezaneleyo ezivulekileyo kumkhenkce ukuze zizingele iibhere ezimhlophe.
Ebusika, iibhere ziqhubela phambili emazantsi. Iimazi ezikhulelweyo zichitha ubusika kwimiqolomba yekhephu, iinkunzi nazo zihambahamba ebusika kwaye zigrumba kuphela kumqolomba wekhephu okwethutyana kubanda kakhulu. Kodwa abalali.
Esona sizalwane sebhere elimhlophe yibhere emdaka.
Ingaba iibhere ezimhlophe ziba neminyaka emingaphi?
Endle, iibhere ezimhlophe ziphila iminyaka engama-20.
Ziphathe
Ziphila njani iibhere ezimhlophe?
Uboya obushinyeneyo bebhere elimhlophe busebenza njengebhatyi eshushu: iinwele, ezinokufikelela kwiisentimitha ezili-15 ubude, azikho mgongxo, zenza umqamelo womoya okhusela izilwanyana kwingqele. Kwaye ngenxa yokuba ulusu olungaphantsi koboya lumnyama, luyakwazi ukugcina ukukhanya kwelanga okugqithiselwa ngoboya obuseluswini njengobushushu.
Umaleko wamanzi amdaka obuzisentimitha eziliqela ubungqingqwa nawo unceda ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iibhere ezimhlophe azigodoli nakwesona sitshingitshane. Ngenxa yeendlebe zabo ezincinci kunye neentloko ezinoboya, abalahlekelwa bubushushu bomzimba. Ngenxa yoboya obusezinyaweni kunye neenyawo ezinentambo, iibhere ezimhlophe zinokuhamba phezu kwekhephu njengezihlangu zekhephu ngaphandle kokutshona.
Iindawo ezingenaboya kuphela - ngaphandle kwempumlo - ziibhola zeenyawo zeenyawo. Zikwamnyama: Izilwanyana zinokuzisebenzisa ukugcina ubushushu ngokukodwa kakuhle, kodwa zinokubukhupha ukuba zishushu kakhulu.
Iibhere ezimhlophe aziboni kakuhle, kodwa zivumba kakhulu. Ukujoja kwabo kubanceda babone ixhoba lisemgama. Iibhere ezimhlophe zihlala zodwa phantse unyaka wonke. Banemimandla emikhulu, abangayiphawuli kwaye kunzima ukuyikhusela.
Ukuba kukho ixhoba elaneleyo, baya kwamkela amalungu ohlobo lwabo kwindawo yabo. Ehlabathini, banokubaleka imigama emide kwaye bafikelele kwisantya esifikelela kuma-40 eekhilomitha ngeyure. Kwaye banokutsiba kwimingxuma yomkhenkce ukuya kutsho kwiimitha ezintlanu ububanzi.
Iibhere ezimhlophe zikwazi ukuqubha kakhulu kwaye zinokugubungela imigama emide emanzini ukusuka esiqithini ukuya esiqithini okanye kwiindawo zomkhenkce ezikhukulisekayo ukuya kumda welizwe. Bangakwazi ukuntywila ukuya kutsho kwimizuzu emibini. Ngenxa yokuba amanzi ebaleka uboya bawo ngokukhawuleza, abafane baphulukane nobushushu bomzimba nasemva kokuqubha elwandle.
Abahlobo kunye neentshaba zebhere elimhlophe
Iibhere ezikhulileyo ezincancisayo zikhulu kakhulu kwaye zomelele kangangokuba azinawo amarhamncwa endalo. Nangona kunjalo, iibhere ezincinci ezimhlophe zihlala zingamaxhoba eebhere ezindala ezingamadoda. Olona tshaba lukhulu lweebhere ezimhlophe ngabantu. Amarhamncwa amakhulu asoloko ezingelwa uboya bawo.
Zizala njani iibhere ezimhlophe?
Ixesha lokukhwelana kwebhere elimhlophe liqala ngoAprili ukuya kuJuni. Kukwesi sigaba kuphela apho amadoda namabhinqa adibana khona ixeshana. Iinkunzi zisebenzisa iimpumlo zazo ezibukhali ukuze zichole umkhondo weebhere ezizimazi, yaye ngokufuthi kubakho imilo eyingozi phakathi kweenkunzi ezilwela imazi. Emva kokukhwelana, ibhere nemazi zihamba ngendlela yazo. Abasetyhini abakhulelweyo bemba umqolomba wekhephu owenziwe ngamagumbi amaninzi ngo-Oktobha okanye ngoNovemba. Iimazi zihlala kulo mngxuma ubusika bonke.
Ngenxa yokuba abazingeli ngeli xesha, kufuneka baphile ngamafutha asele bewatyile ngaphambili. Emva kokumitha kangangeenyanga ezisibhozo, ibhere izala amathole ayo kulo mqolomba, ngokuqhelekileyo amathole amabini. Ekuzalweni, abantwana bangama-20 ukuya kuma-30 eesentimitha ubude kwaye banobunzima obungama-600 ukuya kuma-700 eegram.
Baseziimfama yaye bezizithulu, baneenwele ezincinci, ngoko ke baxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kukhathalelo lukanina. Zihlala emqolombeni de kube yintlakohlaza elandelayo, zincancelwe ngumama wazo, zize zikhule ngokukhawuleza. NgoMatshi okanye ngoAprili, bekunye nonina, bayayishiya indawo ababezimele kuyo baze bafudukele elwandle.
Zizingela njani iibhere ezimhlophe?
Ngoboya bazo obutyheli-bumhlophe, iibhere ezimhlophe zifihlakele ngokugqibeleleyo kwindawo yazo kwaye ngenxa yoko zingabazingeli abaphumelele kakhulu. Xa ezingela, iibhere ezimhlophe zidla ngokulalela ixesha elide kwimingxuma yokuphefumla yamantini. Apho, ixhoba lolula ngokuphindaphindiweyo iintloko zalo ngaphandle kwamanzi ukuze liphefumle. Ibhere elimhlophe elizilaleleyo lizithi hlasi izilwanyana ngamathupha alo amakhulu lize liwatsalele emkhenkceni.
Ngamanye amaxesha iibhere ezimhlophe ziya kusondela ngokuthe chu kwiitywina ekutshiseni ilanga emkhenkceni kwizisu zazo kwaye ziwabulale ngokuswayipha ngamanqina azo.
Ngenxa yokujoja kakuhle, zinokuphinda zilandelele imiqolomba yekhephu yeemazi zenja, apho zizalela khona amantshontsho azo. Iibhere ke ziwela emqolombeni ngobunzima obupheleleyo bomzimba wazo wangaphambili, ziwutyumze kwaye zibambe amatywina.