UMary Allen
Kangangeenkulungwane abaphandi baye bakrokrela ukuba iintaka zasemanzini zizisa amaqanda entlanzi. Kodwa ubungqina boku abukho. Kukho iintlanzi nakuninzi lwamachibi ngaphandle kokungena okanye ukuphuma. Nangona kunjalo, umbuzo wokuba iintlanzi zingena njani emachibini kunye namachibi angadityaniswanga namanye amachibi amanzi ahlala engasonjululwa.
Yangena njani intlanzi elwandle?
Yaphela kwi-Devonian (malunga ne-410 ukuya kwi-360 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo), iintlanzi zamandulo yayizezona zilwanyana zokuqala ezinemihlathi. Zavela kumanzi acocekileyo zaza kamva zaloyisa nolwandle. Intlanzi ye-cartilaginous (i-sharks, i-ray, i-chimeras) kunye neentlanzi ze-bony zaphuhliswa kwiintlanzi ze-armored.
Kutheni kukho iintlanzi?
Iintlanzi ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoluntu lwaselwandle. Yaye abantu bebenxibelelene ngokusondeleyo nazo kangangamawaka eminyaka ngenxa yokuba zibanika ukutya. Izigidi zabantu kwihlabathi jikelele ngoku ziphila ngokuthe ngqo ekulobeni okanye ekulobeni iintlanzi.
Ziphi iintlanzi ezininzi?
ITshayina ibamba ezona ntlanzi zininzi.
Ingena njani intlanzi yokuqala echibini?
Ithiyori yabo ithi amaqanda entlanzi ancangathi abambelela kwiintsiba okanye ezinyaweni zeentaka zamanzi. Ezi ke zithutha amaqanda ukusuka kwelinye iqula lamanzi ukuya kwelinye, apho intlanzi iqanduselwa khona.
Kutheni umntu otya imifuno engayitya intlanzi?
Pescetarians: Izibonelelo
Intlanzi ngumthombo otyebileyo weprotheyini kunye nee-amino acids ezifunwa ngumzimba wakho. Imifuno ecocekileyo ikwatya izixa ezaneleyo zeprotheyini ezivela kwimveliso yezityalo ngendlela yeembotyi, i-soy, i-nuts, okanye iimveliso eziziinkozo.
Ngaba intlanzi ingalala?
Iipisces, nangona kunjalo, azihambanga ngokupheleleyo ebuthongweni bazo. Nangona banciphisa ngokucacileyo ingqalelo yabo, abazange bawele kwisigaba sobuthongo obunzulu. Ezinye iintlanzi zide zilale ngecala, njengokuba sisenza.
Yintoni igama lentlanzi yokuqala emhlabeni?
I-Ichthyostega (i-ichthys ngesiGrike “intlanzi” kunye neqonga “uphahla”, “ukhakhayi”) yayiyenye yeetetrapods zokuqala (izilwanyana eziphila emhlabeni) ezazinokuhlala emhlabeni okwexeshana. Yayimalunga ne-1.5 m ubude.
Ngaba intlanzi iyanuka?
Iintlanzi zisebenzisa imvakalo yazo yokujoja ukuze zifumane ukutya, zazane zize ziphephe amarhamncwa. Ukunuka kancinci kunokubenza buthathaka abantu, uphando luthi. Abaphandi abavela kwiYunivesithi yaseBritane yase-Exeter bahlalutya ukusabela kolwandle.
Iintlanzi ezininzi zihlala kobuphi ubunzulu?
Iqala iimitha ezingama-200 ngaphantsi komphakamo wolwandle kwaye iphele kwi-1000 yeemitha. Uphando luthetha ngommandla we-mesopelagic. Izazinzulu zicinga ukuba uninzi lweentlanzi zihlala apha, zilinganiswa nge-biomass.
Ingaphila ixesha elingakanani intlanzi yegolide?
Izilwanyana ezinjalo zikhubazeke kakhulu kwindlela eziziphatha ngayo kwaye akufunekanga zikhuliswe okanye zigcinwe. I-Goldfish inokuphila iminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30! Kuyathakazelisa ukuba umbala we-goldfish ukhula kuphela ngexesha.
Ingaba zikhona iintlanzi kuwo onke amachibi?
I-Flat, i-artificial, ehlala igcwele abahlambi - amachibi e-quarry awathathwa njengeendawo zokuhlala zendalo. Kodwa ngoku uhlolisiso luye lwafikelela kwisigqibo esimangalisayo: amachibi enziwe ngabantu aneentlanzi ezimibalabala ngendlela efanayo nakumanzi endalo.
Zivela phi iintlanzi kumachibi asezintabeni?
Kucingelwa ukuba izityalo zasemanzini ezinamaqanda e-minnow zithwalwa ziintaka zamanzi zibhabha ukusuka kumanzi asezantsi kumachibi asezintabeni eziphakamileyo, ngenxa yoko kwenzeka ikholoni ngale ntlanzi incinci.
Ngaba intlanzi iyakhala?
Ngokungafaniyo nathi, abanakusebenzisa inkangeleko yobuso ukuze bachaze iimvakalelo zabo. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba abanakuluva uvuyo, iintlungu nosizi. Iintetho zabo kunye nokunxibelelana kwezentlalo zahluke nje: iintlanzi zikrelekrele, izidalwa ezineemvakalelo.
Ingaba intlanzi ingaqubha umva?
Ewe, uninzi lweentlanzi ezinamathambo kunye neentlanzi ezine-cartilaginous zinokuqubha ngasemva. Kodwa kanjani? Amaphiko abalulekile ekushukumeni nasekutshintsheni kwicala lentlanzi. Amaphiko ahamba ngoncedo lwemisipha.
Ngaba iintlanzi ziyakwazi ukubona ebumnyameni?
Elephantnose Fish | Iikomityi ezibonakalisayo emehlweni kaGnathonemus petersii zinika intlanzi imbono engaphezulu komndilili ekukhanyeni okubi.
Zafika njani iintlanzi elunxwemeni?
Oku kuye kwaveliswa kwakhona kulingo olungaqhelekanga lwentlanzi ekhethekileyo. Ngelinge elingaqhelekanga, izazinzulu ziye zaphinda zaphinda zaphinda zaphinda zaphinda zawunqoba umhlaba kwizigidi ezingama-400 zezigidi zezilwanyana. Ukuze benze oku, babephakamisa iintlanzi ezikwazi ukuphefumla umoya ophuma emanzini.
Kwakutheni ukuze iintlanzi ziye elunxwemeni?
Inyaniso yokuba thina bantu siphila emhlabeni ekugqibeleni ibangelwa yintlanzi, eyathi ngesizathu esithile yaqala ukuhamba emhlabeni kwixesha elithatha izigidi zeminyaka emininzi. Ayinakuphikiswa into yokuba benjenjalo. Ayaziwa isizathu sokuba benze oko.
Ilibona njani intlanzi ihlabathi?
Uninzi lweePisces ngokwendalo aziboni kakuhle. Ungabona kuphela izinto eziya kutsho kwimitha ngokucacileyo. Ngokusisiseko, iliso lentlanzi lisebenza njengelomntu, kodwa ilensi ingqukuva kwaye yomelele.