Intshayelelo: San Francisco Garter Snakes

I-San Francisco Garter Snake (i-Thamnophis sirtalis tetrataenia) luhlobo olubonakalayo olumangalisayo kunye nolusemngciphekweni wokuphela we-garter snake efunyenwe ngokukodwa kwi-San Francisco Bay Area yaseCalifornia. Iyaziwa ngemibala yayo eqaqambileyo kunye neempawu zayo ezizodwa, iye yaba ngumqondiso wezinto eziphilayo zale ngingqi. Ukuze uqonde ngcono kwaye ulondoloze olu hlobo lwezilwanyana, kubalulekile ukuba ukwazi ukwahlula phakathi kweenyoka ze-garter zaseSan Francisco. Eli nqaku lijolise ekuboneleleni ngesikhokelo esibanzi sokuchonga umahluko ngokwasemzimbeni, wokuziphatha, kunye nokuzala phakathi kwesini.

Umahluko ngokwaseMzimbeni phakathi kweNyoka eyindoda kunye neyasetyhini

Ukwahlula phakathi kwenyoka yaseSan Francisco yamadoda nabasetyhini kunokuba ngumngeni, njengoko besabelana ngeempawu ezininzi zomzimba. Noko ke, ngokuhlolisisa ngokusondeleyo imilo nobukhulu bemizimba yazo, iipateni zemibala nendlela eziphawulwa ngayo, ubude nobungakanani bomsila, ukumila kwentloko nobukhulu, amaxolo, nokwakheka kolusu, siyakwazi ukwahlula phakathi kwezi zini zibini.

Uvavanyo loBume boMzimba kunye nobukhulu

Xa uthelekisa indoda kunye nemazi yenyoka yaseSan Francisco, umahluko wokuqala obonakalayo uhlala ubungakanani bomzimba kunye nokumila. Iinkunzi zithande ukuba ncinci kwaye zincinci xa kuthelekiswa nabasetyhini. Le dimorphism ngokwesondo kukholelwa ukuba inxulumene nezicwangciso zokuzala, njengoko iimazi ezinkulu zixhotyiswe ngcono ukuvelisa nokuthwala inzala.

Ukuhlalutya iipateni zeMibala kunye nokuMakisha

Iipateni zemibala kunye nokumakishwa yenye into ephambili yokwahlula phakathi kweenyoka zaseSan Francisco zamadoda nabasetyhini. Amadoda ngokuqhelekileyo abonisa imibala eqaqambileyo kunye nangaphezulu, kunye nombala obomvu-orenji owahlukileyo emacaleni. Iimazi, kwelinye icala, zithande ukuba nenkangeleko ethambileyo, kunye nombala othotyiweyo. Ulungiselelo oluthile kunye nobukhulu bale mibala bunokwahluka phakathi kwabantu, ngoko ke kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ezinye iimpawu ngokunjalo.

Ukuphonononga ubude bomsila kunye nokulingana

Ubude bomsila kunye nobungakanani bunokubonelela ngeendlela ezibalulekileyo zokwahlula phakathi kweenyoka ze-garter zaseSan Francisco zamadoda nabasetyhini. Iinkunzi zihlala zinemisila emide xa kuthelekiswa nobude bemizimba yazo, ngelixa iimazi zinemisila emifutshane. Lo mahluko kucingelwa ukuba unxulumene nokuziphatha kokuzala, njengoko iinkunzi zisebenzisa imisila yazo emide ngexesha lokuthandana kunye nezithethe zokukhwelana.

Umahluko kwiMeko yeNtloko kunye nobukhulu

Ubume bentloko kunye nobukhulu bunokunceda ukwahlula phakathi kweenyoka ze-garter zaseSan Francisco zamadoda nabasetyhini. Amadoda ngokubanzi aneentloko ezinkulu, ezinokuthi zibalelwa kwimfuno yazo yokwanda kwezihlunu ukuze zincede ekulweni ngexesha lokhuphiswano lokukhwelana. Iimazi, kwelinye icala, zithande ukuba neentloko ezincinci ngokobungakanani bemizimba yazo.

Ukuthelekisa izikali kunye nokuThuthwa koLusu

Izikali kunye nokuthungwa kwesikhumba kunokunika ulwazi olongezelelweyo kwi-dimorphism yesini ye-San Francisco garter snakes. Iinkunzi zihlala zinezikali ezigudileyo kunye nenkangeleko elungeleleneyo, ngelixa iimazi zinokuba nezikali ezirhabaxa kancinane kunye nokwakheka okukhulu. Lo mahluko kukwakheka kwesikhumba kunye neepateni zesikali zinokunxulumana nendima yazo ekuveliseni nasekuphileni.

Uphononongo lwe-Sexual Dimorphism kwi-Garter Snakes

I-dimorphism yesini ebonwa kwi-San Francisco garter snakes ayifani nolu hlobo lodwa. Yinto eqhelekileyo ebonwa kwiintlobo ezininzi zeenyoka ze-garter, apho amadoda kunye nabasetyhini babonisa umahluko ocacileyo womzimba kunye nokuziphatha. Ukuqonda isiseko sokuziphendukela kwemvelo kunye neempembelelo zendalo ze-dimorphism ngokwesondo kwiinyoka ze-garter kunokubonelela ngengqiqo ebalulekileyo kwizicwangciso zabo zokuzala kunye nokuphila ngokubanzi.

Iiyantlukwano zokuziphatha phakathi kwaMadoda kunye naManina

Ngaphandle kweempawu zomzimba, ukungafani kokuziphatha kunokunceda ukwahlula phakathi kweenyoka ze-garter zaseSan Francisco zamadoda nabasetyhini. Iinkunzi zihlala zihlala kwindawo kwaye zibandakanyeka ekulweni ukuseka ukongamela kunye nokukhusela amathuba okuzala. Abafazi, kwelinye icala, babonisa ukuziphatha okungaphezulu, begxile ekufumaneni iindawo zokuhlala ezifanelekileyo kunye nokukhathalela inzala yabo.

Amalungu okuzala kunye neeMpawu zeSekondari zesini

Ukuphonononga izitho zokuzala kunye neempawu zesini zesibini yenye indlela yokwahlula phakathi kweenyoka ze-garter ze-San Francisco zamadoda nabasetyhini. Amadoda ane-hemipenes, amalungu adityanisiweyo okukopa, abekwe emazantsi omsila wawo, ngelixa amabhinqa ene-cloaca enye. Ukongeza, amadoda anokuba ne-spurs encinci kwi-ventral scales, engekho kubasetyhini.

Uhlalutyo lwemfuzo kunye neChromosomal

Kwezinye iimeko, uhlalutyo lwezofuzo kunye ne-chromosomal lunokuba yimfuneko ukumisela ngokuqinisekileyo isini se-San Francisco garter snakes. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukuhlola ubukho beechromosome zesini ezithile okanye ukwenza uhlalutyo lweDNA. Nangona ingasetyenziswanga ngokuqhelekileyo ngenxa yobume benkqubo, inokubonelela ngeziphumo ezichanekileyo kwiimeko apho iimpawu zomzimba zingathembekanga kangako.

Iimpembelelo zoLondolozo kunye noPhando oluPhambili

Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kweenyoka ze-San Francisco zamadoda nabasetyhini kubalulekile kulondolozo lwabo. Ngokuchonga iimpawu eziphambili ezahlula isini, abaphandi banokufumana ulwazi malunga nokutshintsha kwabemi, ukuziphatha ngokuzala, kunye neemfuno zendawo yokuhlala. Uphando olongezelelweyo malunga nebhayoloji yokuzala yeentlobo, kubandakanywa uphononongo lwemfuzo kunye nohlalutyo lwechromosomal, lunokuba negalelo kuphuhliso lweendlela zolondolozo olusebenzayo ukukhusela olu hlobo lweenyoka ezisengozini kunye nendawo ezihlala kuyo.