UMary Allen
Amahashe zizilwanyana ezanyisayo. Amaxesha amaninzi sicinga ngamahashe ethu asekhaya. Kwibhayoloji, nangona kunjalo, amahashe enza i-genus. Iquka amahashe asendle, ihashe lasePrzewalski, iidonki namaqwarhashe. “Amahashe” ke ngoko ligama elidityanisiweyo kwibhayoloji. Noko ke, kulwimi lwethu lwemihla ngemihla, ngokuqhelekileyo sithetha ihashe lasekhaya.
Zonke iintlobo zamahashe zinento enye efanayo: ekuqaleni zazihlala kumazantsi eAfrika naseAsia. Zihlala kwiindawo apho kukho imithi embalwa kakhulu kwaye zitya kakhulu ingca. Kufuneka ufumane amanzi rhoqo.
Zonke iinyawo zamahashe ziphela kuphuphu. Olu lucingo oluqinileyo, olufana neenzwane zethu okanye iinzipho. Isiphelo sonyawo nguzwane nje osembindini. Amahashe akasenazo iinzwane eziseleyo. Kufana nokuhamba ngeminwe yakho ephakathi kunye neenzwane eziphakathi kuphela. Inkunzi lihashe. Imazi yimazi. Ithole lithole.
Asekho amahashe asendle?
Ihashe lokuqala lasendle liphelile. Kukho inzala yakhe kuphela umntu ayifuyileyo, ihashe lasekhaya. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo zakhe. Sibazi kugqatso lwamahashe, ukutsiba, okanye kwifama yeehashe.
Kusekho imihlambi yamahashe asendle. Adla ngokubizwa ngokuba ngamahashe asendle, kodwa oko akulunganga. Ngamahashe afuywayo afuywayo athi, umzekelo, abaleke esitalini aze aqhelane nokuphila kwindalo kwakhona. Ngenxa yoko, baneentloni kakhulu.
Ngokwendalo, amahashe asendle ahlala kwimihlambi. Iqela elinjalo lidla ngokuba neemazi ezininzi zeemazi. Kukwakho nehashe lehashe namathole. Zizilwanyana ezibhabhayo. Bahlwempuzekile ekuzikhuseleni kwaye ngoko bahlala belindile. Bade balale bemile ukuze babaleke kwangoko xa kukho unxunguphalo.
Ihashe lePrzewalski likhangeleka lifana kakhulu namahashe ethu asekhaya kodwa luhlobo olwahlukileyo. Ikwabizwa ngokuba "lihashe lasendle laseAsia" okanye "ihashe lasendle laseMongolia". Yayiphantse yaphela. Yafumana igama layo kwiRashiya uNikolai Mikhailovich Przewalski, owayenza yathandwa eYurophu. Namhlanje kukho izilwanyana zakhe ezimalunga nama-2000 kwimizi yogcino-zilwanyana yaye ezinye zikweminye imimandla yolondolozo lwendalo eUkraine naseMongolia.
Aphila njani amahashe asekhaya?
Amahashe asekhaya ayanuka kwaye eva kakuhle kakhulu. Amehlo akhe ajonge ecaleni kwentloko yakhe. Ngoko unokujonga phantse macala onke ngaphandle kokuhambisa intloko yakho. Noko ke, ngenxa yokuba bekwazi ukubona izinto ezininzi ngeliso elinye ngexesha, kunzima kubo ukubona ukuba into ikude kangakanani na.
Ukumitha kwemazi yehashe kuthatha phantse unyaka emva kokukhwelana, kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwehashe. Imazi yemazi idla ngokuzala isilwanyana esincinci esinye. Iphakama ngoko nangoko, yaye emva kweeyure ezimbalwa, sele ikwazi ukulandela unina.
Intshontsho lisela ubisi lukanina iinyanga ezintandathu ukuya kunyaka. Ikhula ngokwesondo xa imalunga neminyaka emine ubudala, ngoko ke iyakwazi ukuzenzela amantshontsho ayo. Oku kuqhele ukwenzeka kwangethuba kwiimazi. Iinkunzi zamahashe eziselula kufuneka ziqale ziqine ngokuchasene neentshaba zazo.
Zeziphi iindidi zamahashe asekhaya akhoyo?
Amahashe asekhaya luhlobo lwezilwanyana. Le ndoda yazala iintlobo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Isichongi esilula bubukhulu. Ulinganisa ukuphakama kwamagxa. Ngokwemigaqo yobugcisa, oku kubude ekubuneni okanye ukuphakama ekubuneni. Ngokomthetho waseJamani wokuzala, umda yi-148 centimeters. Loo nto ilingana nomntu omdala omncinane. Ngaphezulu kolu phawu kukho amahashe amakhulu, yaye ngaphantsi kwawo kukho amahashe amancinane, akwabizwa ngokuba ngamahashe.
Kukwakho ulwahlulo olusekwe kubushushu: kukho iingqele, ezishushu, okanye ezifumileyo. Igazi lakho lihlala libubushushu obufanayo. Kodwa zineempawu ezahlukeneyo: Iidrafti zidla ngokuba nzima kwaye zizolile. Ngako oko ke afaneleke kakhulu njengamahashe okuloba. Iintlobo ezipheleleyo zixhala kwaye zinqabile. Ngawona amahashe omdyarho. Iimpawu ze-Warmblood ziwela kwenye indawo phakathi.
Olunye ulwahlulo lwenziwa ngokwemvelaphi yeendawo zokuqala zokufuya. Aziwa kakhulu ngamahashe aseShetland asuka eziqithini, iiBelgians, iiHolsteins ezisuka kumantla eJamani, namaAndalusi asuka kumazantsi eSpeyin. IFreiberger kunye nabanye abambalwa bavela kwiJura eSwitzerland. Kwanekhaya loonongendi lase-Einsideln linenzala yalo yamahashe.
Kukwakho umahluko wemibala: amahashe amnyama ngamahashe amnyama. Amahashe amhlophe abizwa ngokuba ngamahashe angwevu, ukuba anamachokoza kancinane abizwa ngokuba ngamahashe angwevu. Kukho nempungutye, i-piebald, okanye nje "emdaka" kunye nabanye abaninzi.
Akhuliswa njani amahashe?
Abantu baqalisa ukubamba nokuzala amahashe malunga namawaka amahlanu eminyaka eyadlulayo. Oko kwakukwixesha leNeolithic. Ukuzala kuthetha: Uhlala udibanisa ihashe kunye nemazi yehashe eneempawu ezinqwenelekayo zokukhwelana. Kwezolimo, amandla amahashe ayebalulekile ukutsala ikhuba kwintsimi yonke. Amahashe okukhwela kufuneka akhawuleze kwaye alula. Amahashe emfazwe ayemakhulu kakhulu kwaye enzima kwaye ayeqeqeshwe ngokufanelekileyo.
Iintlobo ezininzi zamahashe zaziqhelaniswe ngokwemvelo nemozulu ethile. Ngokomzekelo, amahashe aseShetland ayemancinane yaye eqhele ukufudumala njengoko ayeqhelene nezaqhwithi. Ngoko ke ayesoloko esetyenziswa njengamahashe atsala nzima kwimigodi yamalahle yamaNgesi. Imithambo yayisoloko ingekho phezulu kakhulu, yaye imozulu emigodini yayishushu yaye ifumile.
Kwimisebenzi ethile, iidonki zifaneleka ngakumbi kunamahashe asekhaya. Ziqine ngakumbi ezintabeni. Ezi ntlobo zezilwanyana zimbini ke ngoko ziye zawelwa ngempumelelo. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba basondelelene kakhulu: imeyile, ekwabizwa ngokuba yimeyile, yadalwa ngehashe lehashe nedonki.
Imeyile yadalwa kwihashe lehashe kunye nemazi yedonki. Zombini iindidi azinantloni kangako kunamahashe asekhaya kwaye zintle kakhulu. Bakwaphila ixesha elide kunamahashe asekhaya. Nangona kunjalo, iimeyile kunye neehinnies ngokwazo azikwazi ukuba nguyise wezilwanyana ezincinci.
Ngawaphi amahashe afuywayo awaziyo ukubaleka?
Amahashe anokusebenzisa imilenze yawo emine ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo ukuhambahamba. Sithetha ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuhamba apha.
Ihashe licotha xa uhamba. Ihlala ineenyawo ezimbini emhlabeni. Ulandelelwano lwentshukumo lukhohlo ngaphambili - ngasemva ngasekunene - ngasekunene ngaphambili - ngasekhohlo ngasemva. Ihashe likhawuleza kancinci kunomntu.
Inqanaba elilandelayo libizwa ngokuba yi-trot. Ihashe lihlala lihamba iinyawo ezimbini ngaxeshanye, ngokwe-diagonally: Ngoko ukhohlo ngaphambili nangasemva ngasemva, ngoko kanye ngaphambili nangasemva. Phakathi, ihashe lihleli kancinci emoyeni kuzo zone. Xa ukhwela, oku kushukuma kakhulu.
Ihashe libaleka kakhulu xa liphala. Ihashe libeka phantsi imilenze yalo emibini yangasemva ngokukhawuleza okukhulu emva komnye, lilandelwa ngoko nangoko yimilenze yalo emibini yangaphambili. Emva koko ibhabha. Ngokwenyani, igalop ibandakanya imitsi emininzi edityaniswa yihashe. Kumkhweli, le ndlela yokuhamba ingqukuva kwaye ngoko izolile kune-trot.
KumaXesha Aphakathi nakumaxesha anamhlanje, abafazi babengavunyelwa ukuba bahlale kwisali njengamadoda. Babehlala kwisali esecaleni okanye kwisali esecaleni. Babenemilenze yomibini kwicala elinye lehashe. Kwakhona kwakukho intshukumo ekhethekileyo amahashe ayeqeqeshelwe ukuyenza: iamble. Namhlanje ibizwa ngokuba yi "Tölt". Ihashe ngokutshintshana lihambisa imilenze emibini yasekhohlo phambili, emva koko imilenze emibini yasekunene, njalo njalo. Oko kushukuma kancinci. Amahashe ahamba phambili kule ndlela abizwa ngokuba zii-tamers.
Ngezantsi ungabona iifilimu zeendlela ezahlukeneyo.