Hawk

Iifalkoni ngabazingeli abagqibeleleyo: Ngobuchule bazo obukhethekileyo bokubhabha, bazingela ezinye iintaka emoyeni okanye babhabhele phantsi emhlabeni.

iimpawu

Bakhangeleka njani ookhetshe?

Ukhetshe ziintaka ezidla inyama. Zinentloko encinci, amehlo amakhulu, kunye nomlomo ohakiweyo oqhelekileyo weentaka ezidla inyama. Umzimba wayo ubhityile, amaphiko ayo made kwaye atsolile, nomsila wayo mfutshane. Iinzwane ezinyaweni zazo zinde kwaye zomelele, zibavumela ukuba babambe amaxhoba abo ngobuchule. Iimazi zokhetshe zihlala zikhulu kakhulu kuneenkunzi. Ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba yi "Terzel", elivela kwisiLatini elithi "tertium", elithetha "yesithathu".

Ngokomzekelo, i-falcon yaseMelika yenye yezona zincinci ezincinci. Imalunga neesentimitha ezingama-20 ukuya kwezingama-28 ubude kwaye inobunzima obuziigram ezili-100 ukuya kuma-200 kuphela. Amaphiko ayo ama-50 ukuya kuma-60 eesentimitha. Iinkunzi zeenja zinomqolo obomvu-mhlwa kunye namaphiko angwevu-bhlowu aphela emnyama. Isisu sikhaphukhaphu kwaye sinamabala. Umnqwazi wentloko ungwevu-blue. I-falcon yaseMelika inemigca emithathu emnyama entloko. Iimazi zinamaphiko abomvu anomhlwa kunye neebhanti ezininzi ezimnyama emsileni, ngelixa iinkunzi zinebhanti enye emnyama.

I-saker falcon, kwelinye icala, yenye yeefalcon ezinkulu. Iyeyeentaka ezizingelayo kwaye iyintaka ehlangeneyo, enamandla. Iinkunzi kunye neemazi ze-saker falcon zikhangeleka zifana kwaye ke ngoko ziphantse zahluke omnye komnye. Icala elingasentla lomzimba linombala omdaka omnyama, umsila umdaka kancinci phezulu. Intloko kunye nesisu nazo zikhaphukhaphu ngombala kunomzimba. Icala elingasentla lomzimba limnyama linamabala kwaye linebhandi kunomzimba wecala elingezantsi.

I-saker falcon iphakathi kwe-46 kunye ne-58 yeesentimitha ubude kwaye inamaphiko e-104 ukuya kwi-129 yeesentimitha. Amaphiko ayo made kwaye atsolile, kodwa banzi kunomzekelo B. i-peregrine falcon. I-squirrel yamadoda inobunzima be-700 ukuya kwi-900 grams kuphela, ngelixa iimazi zilinganisa i-1000 ukuya kwi-1300 grams. Iinyawo - ezikwabizwa ngokuba zii-fangs - zityheli kwizilwanyana ezindala kwaye ziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwezincinci. I-Saker falcons inokubhidaniswa neefelkhoni eziselula kodwa zinentloko ekhanyayo.

Enye yeefalcons ezinkulu ezizalelwa kuthi yiperegrine falcon. Indoda inobunzima be-580-720 grams, imazi ukuya kwi-1090 grams. Umqolo wakhe ungwevu. Intamo nentloko zinombala omnyama-ngwevu. Umqala omnyama wendevu ume phandle emqaleni oluthuthu kunye nesidlele esimhlophe. Amaphiko made kakhulu. Umsila wona mfutshane kakhulu.

Bahlala phi ookhetshe?

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zokhetshe zisasazwa kulo lonke ihlabathi. Ookhetshe baseMelika basekhaya kuwo wonke uMntla noMzantsi Melika. Noko ke, isilwanyana ngasinye kuthiwa siye sabhadula saya eYurophu. I-Saker falcons ifumaneka ikakhulu ukusuka eMpuma Yurophu ukuya emantla eTshayina naseIndiya. Zinokufumaneka eTurkey unyaka wonke. Zikwafudukela kwimimandla ekumntla woLwandle Olumnyama ukuya eUkraine ukuze zizale. Embindini weYurophu, zifumaneka kuphela kumahlathi ase-Austrian Danube. Ukusukela ekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1990, nangona kunjalo, izibini ezimbalwa zokuzala ziye zabonwa kwiiNtaba ze-Elbe Sandstone eSaxony.

Iglobetrotter yokwenyani, kwelinye icala, yiperegrine falcon: inokufumaneka kuwo onke amazwekazi emhlabeni. Iifalcons zihlala kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zokuhlala. Ookhetshe baseMelika bayakwazi ukuziqhelanisa neendawo ezininzi zokuhlala ezahlukeneyo: banokufumaneka kwiipaki kunye namasimi, emahlathini, kwaye ukusuka entlango ukuya ezintabeni eziphakamileyo.

Iifalkoni zeSaker zihlala emahlathini nakwimathafa ezomileyo nakwiintlango. Zinokufumaneka ukuya kwi-1300 yeemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. I-Saker falcons idinga indawo enkulu yokuzingela enendawo evulekileyo. I-Peregrine falcons ikwathanda iindawo ezivulekileyo ezifana neentlambo zomlambo kunye namathafa. Bahlala kwiinqaba zecawa ezidolophini ukuze bazale. Okubalulekileyo, indawo yokuhlala ilikhaya kwiintaka ezininzi ezisebenza njengexhoba le-hawk.

Zeziphi iindidi zeefalcon ezikhoyo?

Kukho malunga nama-60 eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeefalcon kwihlabathi jikelele. Phakathi kwezona ziziwayo yiperegrine falcon, ikestrel, ifalcon yomthi, merlin, lesser falcon, red-footed falcon, Lanner falcon, Eleonora's falcon, kunye negyrfalcon. Iifalkoni zasentlango kunye neBarbary falcons eMntla Afrika ngabazingeli abanobuchule. I-falcon yaseprairie ihlala kuMzantsi-ntshona we-USA naseMexico.

Kukho iintlobo ezintandathu ezahlukeneyo ze-saker falcon ngokwayo. Kukho malunga ne-20 subspecies yee-kestrels, ezizalelwa eMelika ukusuka eAlaska emantla ukuya eTierra del Fuego emazantsi. Ezi subspecies zinokuba nemibala eyahlukileyo kakhulu.

Ziphathe

Baphila njani ookhetshe?

Ookhetshe baseMelika ngabazingeli abanobuchule kakhulu. Umzekelo, bathanda ukucama ezindleleni befuna amaxhoba, apho bahlala emithini okanye ezibondeni. I-Saker falcons ingabazingeli abandlongondlongo kunye neeflaya ezikhawulezayo. Zikholisa ukoyisa ixhoba lazo ngohlaselo olukhawulezayo lombane.

Ngenxa yokuba bengabazingeli abachubekileyo, ookhetshe baseAsia basaqeqeshelwa oko kubizwa ngokuba yi-hawking okanye ifalconry eAsia. Unakho nokuthwala izilwanyana ukuya kubukhulu bomvundla. I-falcon ye-saker idla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-"Saker" ngama-falconers.

Indlela yokuzingela yamandulo ye-falconry yenziwa kuqala ngabantu abahambahambayo kwi-steppes yase-Asia kwaye yayixhaphake e-China nase-Japan ekuqaleni kwe-400 BC. Wayexatyiswe ngokukhethekileyo kwinkundla yeGenghis Khan. I-Falconry yeza eYurophu kunye neeHuns. Kwilizwe lethu ibikade igcinelwe izihandiba.

I-Falconry ikwabizwa ngokuba ngukuzingela. Igama elithi "Beiz" livela "ukuluma". Kuba ookhetshe babulala ixhoba labo ngokuluma entanyeni. Kuthatha umonde omkhulu ukuqeqesha ifalcon ukuzingela, kuba iintaka ezidla inyama, kuquka i-saker falcon, kunzima kakhulu ukuzilulamisa. Ekubeni le ntaka iqala ukuhlala phezu kwesandla somzingeli xa izingela, into yokuqala ekufuneka iyenze kukuqhela ukuhlala izolile esandleni.

Ukwenza oku, kufuneka iqhutywe iiyure ezimbalwa yonke imihla. Ukongezelela, iifalcons kufuneka ziphulukane noloyiko lwazo kwizinja ezihamba nokuzingela. Ukuziphatha kwendalo kweentaka kuxhatshazwa ngexesha lokuzingela i-falconry: i-falcons ibona kakuhle kakhulu kumgama kwaye ibone ixhoba likude.

Ukuze le ntaka ingaphumli, inxiba oko kwaziwa ngokuba sisigqubuthelo sikakhetshe xa izingela logama nje ihleli phezu kwesandla sikakhetshe. Ihood isuswa kuphela xa kufuneka ibethe ixhoba. Into yokuqala ebonwa ngukhetshe lixhoba. Iphaphazela isuka kwisandla sekhetshe ize ibulale ixhoba. Iintaka ziqeqeshelwa ukuba emva koko zibambelele kwixhoba lazo kwaye zihlale nalo de abazingeli nezinja basondele.

Ukuze ukwazi ukufumana i-falcon engcono, inxiba iintsimbi ezinyaweni zayo. Ukuba i-falcon iphosa ixhoba layo, ibuyela kwi-falconer. Ngobu buchule bokuzingela, abantu kunye neentaka bayazuza omnye komnye: abantu banokuzingela izilwanyana ebekuya kuba nzima ukuzibulala, kwaye i-falcon ifumana ukutya ebantwini.

Iimazi zisetyenziswa kakhulu ekurhwebeni kuba zinkulu kancinci kwaye zomelele kuneenkunzi. Ngesaker iifalcons kunye nezinye iifalcons, i-pheasants, i-partridges, amahobe, ama-gulls, amadada, amarhanisi, i-herons, iimagpies kunye namagwababa azingelwa kakhulu.

Ukuba yi-falconer ngumsebenzi wangempela, kwaye ukuba ufuna ukuzingela kunye ne-falcons, kufuneka wenze uqeqesho olukhethekileyo: awudingi kuphela ilayisenisi yokuzingela, kodwa kunye nelayisensi yokuzingela i-falconry. Kakade ke: namhlanje kusetyenziswa iifalkoni zokuzingela umz. B. ikwasetyenziswa kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya ukugxotha iintaka ezinokuba yingozi kwinqwelomoya eqalayo ukuba zithe zangena kwiinjini zazo.

Abahlobo kunye neentshaba zikakhetshe

Ekubeni benobuchule bokubhabha yaye bomelele kakhulu, ookhetshe baneentshaba ezimbalwa. Ubukhulu becala, amaqanda okanye izilwanyana ezincinci zinokuba ngamaxhoba ezihange ezinje ngamahlungulu – kodwa zidla ngokugadwa kakuhle ngabazali. Ngamanye amaxesha kuyenzeka ukuba, nangona kungavunyelwanga ngokungqongqo, abantu baba ookhetshe abancinci kwiindlwane ukuze babaqeqeshele ukuzingela.