UMary Allen
Ekuqaleni, igama elithi “umalusi” laligqalwa njengenja yomalusi. Wayencedisa umalusi ekwalusa umhlambi. Ngoko ke waqinisekisa ukuba akukho silwanyana sibalekayo emhlambini kwaye nawo akhusele umhlambi, umzekelo kwiingcuka. Ngoko ke zikwabizwa ngokuba zizinja zokwalusa, izinja zomhlambi, okanye izinja ezigada imihlambi.
Namhlanje, xa abantu abaninzi becinga ngoMalusi waseJamani, bacinga ngohlobo oluthile lwenja, i-German Shepherd. Ngamafutshane, umntu uhlala esithi "inja yomalusi". Umntu wazala umalusi waseJamani ekwalusa izinja. Oko kwenzeka kwiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulayo.
Yintoni eqhelekileyo kwiNja yoMalusi waseJamani?
Iklabhu ichaze ngokuthe ngqo ukuba umalusi waseJamani kufuneka abukeke njani: iphakathi kwaye inezihlunu ezinamandla. Akufunekanga ibe namanqatha kuyo kwaye ayifane ibonakale ibhidekile. Imilenze yangasemva ithatha amanyathelo amade ngakumbi. Yiyo loo nto ibaleka ngokukhawuleza kwaye inamandla amakhulu. Amagxa akhe aphezulu kune-pelvis.
Intloko yakhe ijongiwe, ibunzi lakhe lithe tyaba. Impumlo kufuneka ibemnyama. Iindlebe zime nkqo. Akufunekanga bajinga phantsi. Ukongezelela, ukuvulwa kufuneka kube ngaphambili, kungekhona kwicala. Umsila, ngakolunye uhlangothi, akufanele ume, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo, uxhomekeke nje phantsi. Ngaphantsi kweenwele, unxibe i-undercoat eshinyeneyo, efudumeleyo. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yengubo kufuneka ibe mnyama. Enye ingwevu okanye emdaka nayo ivumelekile.
Umalusi waseJamani kufuneka abe neentambo ezinamandla kwaye ahlale ezolile nangona ejongene nengozi. Ngoko kufuneka angabi navalo. Oko kufuna ukuzithemba okukhulu. Ufanele abe nobubele kwaye angahlaseli nabani na ngokuthanda kwakhe kwaye ngaphandle kwesizathu.
Abanye abelusi baseJamani abahlangabezani nazo zonke ezi mfuno. Umzekelo, kunqabile ukuba kubekho nabantwana abamhlophe. Banokufunda nantoni na abafanele bayifunde. Kodwa ngenxa yokuba umbala wabo ungalunganga, abavumelekanga ukuba bathathe inxaxheba kwimiboniso. Kananjalo abajongwa njengebelusi baseJamani abanyulu.
Yintoni efanelekile umalusi waseJamani, okanye akunjalo?
Inja yomalusi waseJamani kufuneka ikwazi ukuthatha imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo: Kufuneka ikwazi ukuhamba nabantu kunye nokugada okanye ukukhusela izinto. Yiyo loo nto ehlala esetyenziswa ngamapolisa, kodwa namasiko kunye nasemkhosini.
Namhlanje ikwayeyona nja ixhaphakileyo yokukhangela i-avalanche. Incinci kuneSt. Bernard eyayisetyenziswa ngaphambili. Yiyo loo nto ekwazi ukugrumba ngcono indlela yakhe phakathi kwezihlwele zekhephu kwaye asindise abantu.
Umalusi akayonja yasekhaya ngokwenene. Akayonto yokudlala kwaye ufuna imithambo emininzi. Udlala kuphela xa emncinci. Njengoko ekhula, ubonakala ezimisele ngakumbi.
Injani inzala yeNja yeMalusi yaseJamani?
Uninzi lwabelusi baseJamani babuyela kubazali abathathu: Igama likamama nguMari von Grafrath. Ootata yayinguHorand von Grafrath kunye nomntakwabo uLuchs Sparwasser. Inzala yabo yakhuliswa omnye komnye. Kunqabile ukuba ezinye izinja ziwele. Olunye umbutho waqinisekisa ukuba inja yomalusi yaseJamani ihlala ihleli nje “isiJamani”.
Oku kwaba nomtsalane kubaphathi-mkhosi abaninzi abaphezulu. Kakade kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala, abanye babo bagcina umalusi waseJamani. Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini, oku kwaqiniswa. Inzala enyulu yaseJamani yayiluphawu lobuNazi.
Namhlanje, i-Association for German Shepherd Dogs iqwalasela ngokukhawuleza ukuzala. Umbutho uchaza ngokuthe ngqo into efanele isebenze kwinja engumalusi. Ukwagcina uludwe lwazo zonke izinja ezaziwayo ezingabalusi. Ngoku kukho izilwanyana ezingaphezu kwezigidi ezibini.
Ngokuphindaphindiweyo, iinzame zenziwe ukuwela i-German Shepherd Dog kunye nezinye izilwanyana ukuze kufumaneke izinja ezingcono. Kwakhona kwazanywa ukudityaniswa kweengcuka. Ngokomzekelo, le yindlela eyabakho ngayo iWolfhound yaseCzechoslovakia. Nangona kunjalo, izilwanyana ezincinci azizange zibe ngcono. Kodwa kukho ezinye iindlela zokuhlangana. Oku kubangele iintlobo ezintsha zeenja ezinokusetyenziselwa iinjongo ezithile.
Zeziphi ezinye izinja zomalusi ezikhoyo?
Inja engumalusi imele ilumke kwaye ilumke ukuze ikwazi ukwalusa umhlambi iyodwa. Kufuneka akwazi ukugijima ixesha elide kwaye ngamanye amaxesha afake i-sprint ekhawulezayo. Ukongeza, kufuneka abe mkhulu kwaye omelele, ubuncinane ngokwaneleyo ukuba akwazi ukuzibamba: ngokuchasene neegusha okanye ezinye izilwanyana zemihlambi, kodwa nakubahlaseli abafana neengcuka. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, izinja zomalusi zineengubo ezifanelekileyo ezifanelekileyo: iinwele zangaphandle zide kwaye zigcina imvula ingena. Banxiba iwulu engqindilili ngaphantsi, ngakumbi ebusika, nto leyo ebagcina beshushu.
Ezinye izinja zikaMalusi zikhangeleka zifana neNja yoMalusi waseJamani. Umzekelo weBelgian Shepherd Dog. Yakhuliswa ngexesha elifanayo neNja yeMalusi yaseJamani. Kodwa iklabhu yokuzala yaseBelgium inezinye iinjongo. I-Belgian Shepherd ibonakala ilula kwaye iphakamisa intloko ngakumbi. Wakhuliswa ngokwamaqela amane awohlukeneyo. Ngokukodwa uboya buhluke kakhulu kubo.
Enye inja eyaziwayo elusayo yiBorder Collie. Wazalelwa eGreat Britain. Intloko yayo imfutshane kancinane, iindlebe zijinga phantsi. Iinwele zakhe zinde kakhulu.
Inja yeentaba iBernese ivela eSwitzerland. USenn ligama lesiSwiss elithetha umalusi. Unzima kakhulu. Iinwele zakhe zinde kakhulu kwaye phantse zonke zimnyama. Unxibe umgca omhlophe entloko nasesifubeni. Amanqina nawo amhlophe ngokuyinxenye. Enye ibrown ekhanyayo nayo ihlala ibandakanyiwe.
IRottweiler nayo yaveliswa eJamani. Iinwele zakhe zimfutshane kwaye zimnyama. Umdaka nje kancinci emathupheni nasemlonyeni. Ngaphambili, iindlebe nomsila wazo zazisikwe mfutshane ukuze zingajingi. Oku kuvaliwe kumazwe amaninzi. Uthandwa kakhulu ngamapolisa kuba amasela ayoyika kakhulu iRottweiler. Nangona kunjalo, iiRottweilers ezininzi ziye zaluma ezinye izinja okanye abantu. Ukugcinwa kwazo kuthintelwe kwiindawo ezithile okanye abanini kufuneka baye kwizifundo ezithile.