UMary Allen
Amakhalane asasaza izifo ezahlukahlukeneyo ezosulelayo. Sibonisa ezimbini kuzo ngokweenkcukacha ngakumbi apha ukuze ukwazi ukufundisa abanini bezinja ngeyona ndlela ingcono.
I-Babesiosis kunye ne-hepatozoonosis zizifo ezosulelayo ze-parasitic, kodwa azisasazwa ziingcongconi kodwa zisasazwa ngamakhalane. Zombini zibangelwa yi-protozoa (izinto ezineseli enye) kwaye, njenge-leishmaniasis kunye ne-filariasis, zezo zibizwa ngokuba "zizifo zokuhamba okanye zeMeditera". Nangona kunjalo, i-babesiosis kunye ne-hepatozoonosis mhlawumbi sele ikho eJamani (eyenzeka kwiindawo ezithile). Ezinye izifo ezisasazwa ngamakhalane yiEhrlichiosis, Anaplasmosis, Rickettsiosis, nesifo seLyme.
babesiosis
I-Canine babesiosis sisifo esosulelayo esine-parasitic eneendlela ezahlukeneyo kunye nesiphumo esinokuba yingozi. Amanye amagama yipiroplasmosis kunye ne "canine malaria". Ayiyiyo enye yezoonoses.
I-Pathogen kunye nokuSasaza
I-Babesiosis yenziwa zizifunxi-gazi ezidibeneyo (protozoa) zohlobo lwe-Babesia. Zisasazwa ziindidi ezahlukeneyo zamakhalane (ngaphezu kwawo onke amakhane ehlathi kunye nenja emdaka) kwaye zihlasela kuphela i-erythrocytes (iiseli ezibomvu zegazi) zezilwanyana ezanyisayo, yiyo loo nto zikwabizwa ngokuba yi-erythrocytes. haemoprotozoa. Ziyi-host-specific kakhulu kuzo zombini i-vector yazo yamakhalane kunye ne-mammalian host yazo. EYurophu, Babesia canis (Iintlobo zesiHungary kunye nesiFrentshi) kunye Babesia vogeli ukudlala eyona ndima ibalulekileyo, nge Babesia canis ngokuqhelekileyo kukhokelela kwizifo ezinzulu (ingakumbi i-Hungarian strain), ngelixa Babesia vogeli usulelo ludla ngokuba lubulali.
usulelo
Amakhalane angamabhinqa anoxanduva losulelo lwe-Babesia, indima yamakhalane angamadoda kusulelo ayikacaciswa. Amakhalane asebenza zombini njengevektha nanjengendawo yokugcina amanzi. IiBabesia ziginywa yikhalane xa lincanca. Bangena kwi-epithelium yamathumbu kwaye bafudukela kumalungu ahlukeneyo afana nama-ovari kunye namadlala e-salivary ye-tick, apho baphindaphinda khona. Ngenxa yosulelo olunokwenzeka kwi-transovarial kwinzala, izigaba zombungu zamakhalane zinokosulelwa yintsholongwane.
Amakhalane angamabhinqa kufuneka ancancise umninimzi kangangeeyure ezingama-24 ubuncinane phambi kokuba kufumaneke amanqanaba osulelayo epathogen. iisporozoites ) kumathe ekhalane ziyafumaneka ukuze zisasazwe enjeni. Usulelo lweBabesia ludla ngokwenzeka kwiiyure ezingama-48 ukuya kwezingama-72 emva kokulunywa kwamakhalane. Bahlasela kuphela i-erythrocytes, apho bahlula kwaye bahlule kwizinto ezibizwa ngokuba iimerozoite. Oku kubangela ukufa kweeseli. Ixesha lokufukamela liziintsuku ezintlanu ukuya kwiiveki ezine, i-prepotency iveki enye. Ukuba isilwanyana siyasinda kwisifo ngaphandle konyango, sikhula ubomi bomzimba wonke kodwa sinokuyikhupha i-pathogen ubomi bonke.
Usulelo lusenokwenzeka njengenxalenye yeziganeko ezilumayo kunye notofelo-gazi. Usulelo oluma nkqo olusuka kumantshontsho ukuya kumantshontsho lubonisiwe kuhlobo lwe-Babesia.
iimpawu
I-Babesiosis inokuthatha iindlela ezahlukeneyo.
I-acute okanye i-peracute (ixhaphake kakhulu nge Babesia canis usulelo ): Isilwanyana sinikezelwa njengengxakeko kwaye sibonisa:
- umkhuhlane ophezulu (ukuya kuma-42 °C)
- Imeko eqhelekileyo ephazamiseke kakhulu (ukunqongophala kokutya, ubuthathaka, ukungakhathali)
- Ukuthambekela ukopha ulusu kunye nenwebu kunye ne-anemia, i-reticulocytosis, kunye nokukhutshelwa kwe-bilirubin kunye ne-hemoglobin kumchamo (umbala omdaka!)
- Ukutyheli kwenwebu kunye ne-sclera (icterus)
- I-Thrombocytopenia yasasaza i-intravascular coagulation
- ukuqhawukelwa ngumphefumlo
- Ukuvuvukala kwenwebu ye-mucous (ukukhutshwa kweempumlo, i-stomatitis, i-gastritis, i-hemorrhagic enteritis)
- Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha (myositis) kunye nokuphazamiseka kwentshukumo
- Ukwandiswa kwe-spleen kunye nesibindi kunye ne-dropsy yesisu (i-ascites) kunye nokwakheka kwe-edema
- Ukuxhuzula kwe-epileptiform
- ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso
Ukuba ayiphathwanga, ifom ebukhali phantse isoloko ikhokelela ekufeni kwiintsuku ezimbalwa.
Ezingapheliyo :
- ukutshintsha ukunyuka kobushushu bomzimba
- i-anemia
- ubuthathaka
- ukungakhathali
- ubuthathaka
Ikliniki encinci :
- umkhuhlane olula
- i-anemia
- ukungakhathali okwethutyana
Ukuqondwa
Uhlobo lokuxilongwa luxhomekeke kwikhosi yesifo.
Ukugula okubukhali okanye ukusuleleka ngaphantsi kweeveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo: ukufumanisa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-pathogen ngu:
- Uvavanyo lwegazi lweMicroscopic leerythrocytes ene-Babesia: Iimvavanyo zegazi ezibhityileyo (ibala le-Giemsa okanye i-Diff-Quick) elisuka kwi-peripheral capillary blood (i-auricle okanye incam yomsila) zezona zifanelekileyo, njengoko oku kudla ngokuba nenani eliphezulu leeseli ezosulelwe yi-pathogen.
- Kungenjalo (ingakumbi ukuba isiphumo segazi smear ayingqinelani) ukususela ngosuku lwesihlanu emva usulelo, PCR evela EDTA igazi kunye nokwenzeka ukwahlula pathogen, nto leyo enokubaluleka ukuba unyango kunye prognosis.
Ukugula okungapheliyo okanye usulelo ngaphezu kweeveki ezimbini ezidlulileyo :
Uvavanyo lwe-serological lwe-antibodies ngokuchasene ne-Babesia (IFAT, ELISA), ngaphandle kwemeko yesilwanyana esigonyiweyo.
- Babesia canis (Uxinzelelo lwaseFransi): ihlala iphantsi imveliso ye-antibody
- Babesia canis (Ubunzima baseHungary): ngokufuthi ukubunjwa okuphezulu kwamajoni omzimba
- Babesia vogeli: Ukuveliswa kwe-antibody rhoqo
Ezi zifo zilandelayo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokukodwa kwi ukuxilongwa okwahlukileyo :
- I-immunohemolytic anemia (ityhefu, enxulumene neziyobisi, okanye i-autoimmune)
- inkqubo lupus erythematosus
- i-anaplasmosis
- I-Ehrlichiosis
- mycoplasmosis
unyango
Unyango lujolise ekupheliseni i-pathogen, nokuba oku kunciphisa ixesha lokugonywa ukuya kwiminyaka emibini. Ukuba isigulo esibuhlungu sigqithiselwa kwisigaba esingapheliyo ngaphandle kweempawu zeklinikhi, kukho ukugonywa ubomi bonke kwaye isilwanyana ngokuqhelekileyo asisaguli kodwa sisebenza njengomthwali. Oku kufuneka kujongwe ngokubaluleke kakhulu, ngakumbi malunga noxinzelelo lwaseHungary Babesia canis, ekubeni i-tick yehlathi i-alluvial ibeka amaqanda angama-3,000 ukuya kuma-5,000 emva kokutya kwegazi, apho malunga ne-10% yosulelwa yi-Babesia ngokusebenzisa i-transovarial transmission, kwaye kwangaxeshanye ukufa kosulelo olutsha ngolu hlobo lweBabesia lufikelela kuma-80%.
IHepatozoonosis
IHepatozoonosis ikwasisifo esosulelayo ezinjeni. Eli gama lilahlekisayo kuba isifo asisiyo i-zoonosis kwaye ke ayibeki yingozi ebantwini.
I-Pathogen kunye nokuSasaza
I-agent causative ye-hepatozoonosis yi Hepatozoon canis, i-parasite ye-unicellular evela kwiqela le-coccidia. Ngoko ke ikwayeyeprotozoa. Hepatozoon canis isuka eAfrika kwaye yaziswa kumazantsi eYurophu ukusuka apho. Kummandla weMeditera, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-50% yazo zonke izinja ezihlala ngokukhululekileyo zithathwa njengezosulelekileyo. Kodwa ingeyiyo inja kuphela engummkeli wezilwanyana ezincancisayo, kodwa iimpungutye kunye neekati nazo zingabathwali. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, i-hepatozoonosis ibalwe phakathi kwezifo zokuhamba zakudala. Ngo-2008, nangona kunjalo, kwafunyanwa kwizinja ezimbini kwiTaunus engazange imke eJamani. Ukongeza, njengenxalenye yophononongo lweempungutye eThuringia, ipesenti ephezulu yabemi beempungutye baye baba ne-seropositive. I-Hepatozoon ikhuphisiwe. Ikhalane lenja emdaka yeyona nto ithwalayo. I-tick ye-hedgehog inikwe indima ekuhanjisweni (ingakumbi kwiimpungutye), kodwa eyona ndlela yokuhambisa ayikaziwa apha.
usulelo
Njengomthwali weHepatozoon canis, inja emdaka yekhalane inokuphila unyaka wonke kumagumbi, iindlwana ezishushu, njl.njl. Ihamba ngokukhutheleyo ukuya kumamkeli wayo kwaye idlula kuwo wonke umjikelo wophuhliso lwe-egg-larva-nymph-adult tick kwiinyanga nje ezintathu.
Usulelo kunye Hepatozoon canis ayenzeki ngokulunywa kodwa ngokuginya okanye ukukulunywa ngomlomo. Iintsholongwane zifuduka kudonga lwamathumbu enja kwaye ziqale zihlasele i-monocytes, i-neutrophilic granulocytes, kunye ne-lymphocytes, emva koko isibindi, udaka, imiphunga, imisipha kunye nomnkantsha wamathambo. Uphuhliso, oluhlala malunga neentsuku ezingama-80, lubandakanya izigaba ezininzi kwikhaza nakwinja kwaye luphela ngokusekwa kwento ebizwa ngokuba intraleucocytic gamonts. Ezi ke ziye zigalelwe likhalane ngexesha lokuncanca. Ukuveliswa kunye nophuhliso luxhomekeke ekuguquguqukeni kwamaxesha onyaka. Ngokuchasene ne-babesiosis, ukuhanjiswa kwe-transovarial ye-pathogen kwi-tick ayikwazanga ukubonakaliswa. Ubude bexesha lokufukamela alaziwa.
iimpawu
Kwiimeko ezininzi, usulelo alunakliniki okanye alunazimpawu, kodwa kwimeko nganye, lusenokukhatshwa ziimpawu ezimandundu, ngakumbi kwizifo ezixubeneyo, umz. B. neLeishmania, Babesia, okanye Ehrlichia.
Efanelekileyo :
- Fever
- Ukuphazamiseka kwemeko jikelele (ukunqongophala kokutya, ubuthathaka, ukungakhathali)
- ukuvuvukala kwe-lymph node
- ukuhla ukusinda
- ukukhutshwa kwamehlo kunye neempumlo
- Uhudo
- i-anemia
Ezingapheliyo :
- i-anemia
- imvuliso
- ubuthathaka
- Ukudumba kwemisipha kunye nokuphazamiseka kokuhamba (ukuhamba okuqinileyo)
- Iziganeko ze-nervous central ne-epilepsy-like seizures
Ukwakheka okukhulu kwe γ -i-globulins kunye ne-immune complexes enkulu inokukhokelela kwisibindi kunye nokungaphumeleli kwezintso.
Ukuqondwa
Ukufunyanwa kwe Iintsholongwane kwenzeka ngokuthe ngqo okanye ngokungathanga ngqo kwiimeko ezibukhali nezingapheliyo zokugula.
Ukufumanisa i-pathogen ngokuthe ngqo :
I-blood smear (i-Giemsa stain, i-buffy coat smear): Ukufunyanwa kweegamonts njengemizimba emile njenge-capsule kwiiseli ezimhlophe zegazi.
I-PCR evela kwigazi le-EDTA
Ukufunyaniswa kwe-pathogen ngokungathanga ngqo: ukumiselwa kwe-antibody titer (IFAT)
Kwi-diagnostic eyahlukileyo, i-anaplasmosis, i-Ehrlichiosis, kunye ne-immunopathy ngokukodwa kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo.
unyango
Okwangoku akukho nyango lukhuselekileyo lokuphelisa i-pathogen. Unyango lusebenza ngokuyinhloko ekunciphiseni ikhosi yesifo.
isithintelo
Okwangoku akukho chemo- okanye i-vaccination prophylaxis ethembekileyo. Abanini bezinja kufuneka banikwe iingcebiso malunga nokugxotha amakhalane. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthintela okuyimpumelelo kunzima ngenxa yokungeniswa kwe-pathogen ngokuginya okanye ukuluma uphawu. Izinja ezidibana ngqo nomdlalo ngelixa zizingela okanye ezichola izilwanyana ezifileyo (zasendle) ezinamakhalane zimele zithathwe njengezisemngciphekweni.
Uthintelo ngokukhusela amakhalane
Iindlela ezimbini zisetyenziselwa ukuthintela amakhalane:
- Ukhuselo ngokuchasene namakhalane (isiphumo sokugxotha) ukuze bangaqhotyosheli kumkhosi
- Ukubulala amakhalane (i-acaricidal effect) ngaphambi okanye emva kokuncamathisela kumamkeli
Oku kunokwenziwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- amalungiselelo kwindawo
- spray
- iikhola
- iipilisi ezihlafunwayo
- amalungiselelo kwindawo
Ezi zisetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo eluswini entanyeni yenja ukuba idyasi iyahlukana, kwaye nakwindawo ye-caudal yomqolo kwizinja ezinkulu. Isilwanyana akufanele sikwazi ukukhotha into esebenzayo. Oku kusasazeka kwiingongoma ezikhankanywe kuwo wonke umzimba. Inja akufanele ifuywe kwezi ndawo kwiiyure ezisibhozo zokuqala (ngoko ke kucetyiswa ukuba isetyenziswe ngokuhlwa ngaphambi kokulala) kwaye ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ungabi manzi kwiintsuku ezimbini zokuqala (ukuhlamba, ukubhukuda, imvula). Ixesha lesenzo ngu i. dR iiveki ezintathu ukuya kwezine.
Into esebenzayo equlethwe yi-permetrin, i-permetrin derivative, okanye i-fipronil. I-Permethrin kunye ne-derivatives yayo ine-acaricidal kunye ne-repellent effect, i-fipronil kuphela i-acaricidal. Kubalulekile: I-Permethrin kunye ne-pyrethroids inetyhefu kakhulu kwiikati, ngoko ke phantsi kweemeko kufuneka la malungiselelo asetyenziswe kwiikati. Ukuba izinja kunye neekati zihlala kwindlu enye, kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ikati ayidibanisi nenja ephathwa nge-permethrin / pyrethroid de into esebenzayo ifakwe ngokupheleleyo. I-Permethrin kunye ne-fipronil nazo zinetyhefu kwizilwanyana zasemanzini kunye nee-invertebrates.
spray
Izitshizi zifafazwe kuwo wonke umzimba kwaye zinefuthe elifanayo kwindawo yokulungiselela, kodwa zinzima kakhulu ukusebenzisa. Kumakhaya anabantwana okanye iikati kwaye kuxhomekeke kwisithako esisebenzayo, kunokuba zingafanelekanga. Ngoko ke azithathelwa ngqalelo kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
iikhola
Iikhola kufuneka zinxitywe yinja ngamaxesha onke. Ziye zikhuphe into yazo esebenzayo kuboya benja ukuya kutsho kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Ukuqhagamshelana okunzulu komntu kunye nekhola kufuneka kugwenywe. Into engalunganga kukuba inja enekhola yekhalane inokubanjwa ematyholweni. Ngoko ke, izinja zokuzingela akufanele zingcono ukunxiba ikhola enjalo. Ikhola kufuneka isuswe xa uhlamba kwaye uqubha, kwaye inja akufanele ivunyelwe emanzini ubuncinane iintsuku ezintlanu emva kokuyibeka okokuqala.
iipilisi ezihlafunwayo
Iipilisi zivumela ukudibana ngqo nesilwanyana, kunye nokuhlamba kunye nokubhukuda ngokukhawuleza emva kokusetyenziswa. Ulawulo luhlala lungenangxaki. Nangona kunjalo, ithikithi kuqala kufuneka inamathele kumsingathi kwaye ifunxe into esebenzayo ngexesha lokutya kwegazi ukuze ibulawe emva kweeyure ezilishumi elinesibini. Ngoko ke akukho siphumo sokugxotha.
Isishwankathelo samalungiselelo endawo, iitafile ezihlafunwayo, kunye neekhola ezikhoyo ngoku kwimarike zinokufumaneka ngezantsi kwitheyibhile ekhutshelwayo.
Izithinteli zamakhalane kufuneka zisetyenziswe kulo lonke ixesha lonyaka okanye unyaka kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko owongeziweyo wezifo ezithwalwa ngamakhala. Ngokomgaqo, kufuneka isetyenziswe kuphela kwizilwanyana eziphilileyo. Amanye amalungiselelo afanelekile ukuba asetyenziswe kumantshontsho akhulelweyo nancancisayo kunye neenjana. Ukuba unesifo solusu okanye ukulimala kwesikhumba, kufuneka ugweme ukusebenzisa ukulungiswa kwendawo.
Ukongeza, emva kokuhamba konke, ukukhangela idyasi ngokucokisekileyo kunye nokususwa ngokukhawuleza kwazo zonke iikhati ezifunyenweyo kubalulekile. Oku kunokwenziwa nge-tick tweezer, ikhadi, okanye isixhobo esifanayo.
Kwiimeko zomntu ngamnye, abanini bezinja babika amava amnandi kunye nokusetyenziswa kwangaphandle okanye kwangaphakathi kweoli yekakhukhunathi, ioli ye-cumin emnyama, i-cistus (i-Cistus incanus), i-yeast ye-brewer, i-garlic, okanye ukutshiza ngemixube yeoli ebalulekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, isiphumo esiqinisekisiweyo asinakubalelwa kula manyathelo, nje kancinci njengeentsimbi ze-amber okanye iipendenti zekhola ezinolwazi. Ukongeza, ezinye ioyile ezibalulekileyo ziyacaphukisa kwaye ikonofile inokuba yingozi.
Iprophylaxis yokuziphatha
I-biotopes eyaziwayo yee-tick kufuneka igwenywe kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Izinja akufanele zithathwe kwiihambo eziya kwiindawo ezinobungozi ngexesha lomngcipheko.
Umbuzo obuzwa rhoqo
Ingaba izinja ezine-hepatozoonosis ziba neminyaka emingaphi?
Ubomi obulindelekileyo kwi-hepatozoonosis
Oko kuxhomekeke kubuchule bomzimba benja eyosulelekileyo, ubudala, i-comorbidities, kunye nokuba unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Ukuba isifo sibonwa ngokukhawuleza kwaye unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza, amathuba okubuyisela alungile.
I-babesiosis yosulela njani?
ukudluliselwa kwe-babesiosis
I-babesiosis yenziwa yiprotozoa esasazwa kukulunywa kwamakhalane. Ikhalane kufuneka lincance iiyure ezilishumi elinesibini ubuncinci ukuze usulelo luphumelele.
Ngaba i-babesiosis iyosulela ukusuka kwinja ukuya kwinja?
Kunqabile kakhulu, inokudluliselwa ukusuka kwinja ukuya kwinja ngokulunywa okanye kwisibeleko senjana. Omnye umthombo wosulelo ibiya kuba kutofelo-gazi elinegazi elingcolileyo. Kuhle ukwazi: Iintsholongwane ezibangela i-babesiosis ezinjeni azinakudluliselwa ebantwini.
Ngaba i-babesiosis inokudluliselwa ebantwini?
I-Babesiosis yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-zoonosis - isifo sezilwanyana esinokudluliselwa ebantwini. Amakhalane asebenza njengenginginya ephakathi anokosulela i-babesiosis ebantwini. Esi sifo sinqabile kakhulu eJamani.
Ngaba i-hepatozonosis iyasuleleka?
Abahlobo abanemilenze emine abanako ukusulela abantu okanye ezinye izilwanyana ngokuthe ngqo nge-hepatozoonosis.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa inja isitya amakhalane?
Xa izinja zidla i-tick, kwiimeko ezinqabileyo, ziyakwazi ukusasaza isifo seLyme, i-hepatozoonosis kunye ne-anaplasmosis. Ukosuleleka nge-babesiosis, i-Ehrlichiosis, kunye ne-encephalitis ephethwe ngamakhalane nako kunokwenzeka. Iindaba ezilungileyo? Ukutya ithikithi kuyingozi kakhulu kunokulunywa amakhalane.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba amakhalane asasaze izifo ezinjeni?
Kuphela ngamakhalane anokudlulisela i-Borrelia kwinja, ukusuleleka kwenye inja phantse akunakwenzeka. Ekuqaleni emva kweeyure ze-16, kwiimeko ezininzi kuphela emva kweeyure ezingama-24, i-Borrelia idluliselwa kwi-tick ukuya kwinja.
Isifo seLyme sichaphazela njani izinja?
Inja enesifo seLyme inokubonisa ezi mpawu zilandelayo: Ifiva encinci kunye nokutyhafa. ukuvuvukala kwe-lymph node. Ukuvuvukala kwamalungu kunye nokuqhwala ngenxa yokuvuvukala kwamalungu (i-arthropathies).