UMary Allen
Ii-stingrays zamanzi acocekileyo zoyikwa ngakumbi kunepiranhas zaseMzantsi Melika: zinokubangela ukwenzakala okubuhlungu ngezinti zazo ezinetyhefu!
iimpawu
Ingaba ijongeka njani i-stingrays emanzini?
I-stingrays emanzini, njengoko igama labo libonisa, ziintlanzi zasemanzini acocekileyo. Njengookrebe, bangabeentlanzi ekuthiwa yicartilaginous fish. Ezi ziintlanzi zakudala kakhulu ezingenamathambo enziwe ngamathambo kodwa ezenziwe ngecartilage kuphela. I-stingrays yamanzi ahlambulukileyo iphantse ingqukuva kwaye ithe tyaba kakhulu ngokwemilo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwiintlobo, umzimba wabo unobubanzi obuyi-25 centimeters ukuya kwimitha enye.
I-Leopold stingray, umzekelo, inomlinganiselo ophakathi kweesentimitha ezingama-40, amabhinqa amalunga neesentimitha ezingama-50 ubude. Ukusuka emlonyeni ukuya kwincam yomsila, i-stingrays yamanzi ahlambulukileyo ifikelela kwi-90 centimeters. Iinkunzi ze-stingray zamanzi zihluke kwiimazi nge-appendage emva kokuvulwa kwelungu langasese, elingekho kwiimazi.
Zombini iinkunzi kunye neemazi zithwala umsila ekupheleni kwemizimba yazo onomqolo onetyhefu oyi-calcareous malunga nee-intshi ezintathu ubude owela ngaphandle rhoqo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa kwaye uthatyathelwe indawo ngumnqonqo omtsha, okhula kwakhona. Ulusu lwe-stingrays lwamanzi acocekileyo lurhabaxa kakhulu kwaye luvakala njengephepha lesanti. Oku kuvela kumaxolo amancinane esikhumbeni, abizwa ngokuba ngamaxolo e-placoid. Njengamazinyo, aqukethe i-dentin kunye ne-enamel.
I-stingrays yamanzi ahlambulukileyo inemibala eyahlukileyo. I-stingray kaLeopold inomzimba ongentla womnquma-oluhlaza ukuya kungwevu-mdaka kunye namabala amhlophe, atyheli, okanye a-orenji anemida emnyama.
Nangona kunjalo, imitha inombala okhanyayo kwicala lesisu. Phezulu kwentloko kukho amehlo aphakanyisiweyo, anokuthi ahlehliswe kwakhona. I-stingrays yamanzi ahlambulukileyo iyakwazi ukubona kakuhle naxa ukukhanya kumfiliba. Oku kungenxa yokuba amehlo azo, njengamehlo ekati, anento ebizwa ngokuba yintsalela yokuqinisa ukukhanya. Umlomo, iimpumlo, kunye neentsinjana zilapha ngaphantsi komzimba.
Nangona kunjalo, njengokulungelelaniswa okukhethekileyo kubomi phantsi kwamanzi kunye nodaka, banokuvuleka okuphefumla okongezelelweyo: Ukongeza kwi-gill, nabo banento ebizwa ngokuba yi-spray hole emva kwamehlo phezu kwentloko. ukuze zifunxe amanzi aphefumlayo angenayo intlenga nesanti. Amazinyo emitha akhula kwakhona kubo bonke ubomi babo; oku kuthetha ukuba amazinyo amadala, agugileyo ahlala etshintshwa ngamatsha.
Bahlala phi ama-stingrays emanzini?
Ama-stingrays ahlala emanzini ahlala kwiindawo ezishisayo zaseMzantsi Melika. Nangona kunjalo, i-stingray kaLeopold ifumaneka kuphela eBrazil, umzekelo, kwindawo encinci kwaye inqabile: ifumaneka kuphela kwi-Xingu kunye neFresco river bains. Ama-stingrays ahlala kwimilambo emikhulu yaseMzantsi Melika, ngokukodwa kwi-Orinoco ne-Amazon.
Ngawaphi ama-stingrays akhoyo?
Zizonke kukho ngaphezu kwama-500 eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zemitha ehlabathini, uninzi lwayo luhlala elwandle, oko kukuthi kumanzi anetyuwa. Kukho malunga nama-28 eentlobo ezahlukeneyo kusapho lwe-stingray lwamanzi ahlaziyekileyo, olufumaneka kuphela kumanzi acocekileyo. I-Leopold stingray luhlobo olubizwa ngokuba yi-endemic, nto leyo ethetha ukuba yenzeka kuphela kwindawo encinci, echaziweyo yokusabalalisa.
Olunye uhlobo, i-stingray ene-peacock eyed ngokusondeleyo, inoluhlu olukhulu. Iyenzeka kwimimandla emikhulu kwimilambo emikhulu efana neOrinoco, iAmazon, kunye neLa Plata. Olu hlobo lukholisa ukuba nombala wesiseko olukhaphukhaphu kwaye likhulu kune-stingray kaLeopold. Kuxhomekeke kummandla, malunga 20 ezahlukeneyo imibala ezahlukeneyo stingray peacock-eyed zaziwa.
Ziphathe
Baphila njani ama-stingrays emanzini?
Akukho nto ingako eyaziwayo malunga nama-stingrays ahlambulukileyo. Ezinye iintlobo, ezifana Leopold stingray, zaziwa kuphela iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ukususela ekuqaleni 1990s. Abaphandi abazi nokuba bayasebenza na emini okanye ebusuku.
Bazingcwabela eludakeni emazantsi omlambo ukuze balale. Xa zivukile, zigqogqa emhlabeni zifuna ukutya. Abakwazi ukuqubha ngokukhululekileyo emanzini, yiyo loo nto ungafane ubabone kwindalo - okanye kuphela umfanekiso ophantse ube setyhula abawushiya emhlabeni xa beshiya iindawo zabo zokulala.
Emazantsi eMelika, ii-stingrays zamanzi acwengileyo zoyikwa ngakumbi kunepiranha: xa abantu benyathela ngempazamo kwimitha elele ezantsi emilambo. Ukuzikhusela, intlanzi emva koko ihlaba ngokuhlaba kwayo okunetyhefu: amanxeba abuhlungu kakhulu kwaye aphilisa kakubi kakhulu. Ityhefu isenokubulala nakubantwana abancinane.
Ukunqanda iingozi ezinjalo, abantu baseMzantsi Melika baye baphuhlisa iqhinga: xa bewela iindonga zesanti kumanzi angekho nzulu, bashukuxa amanyathelo abo esantini: bagila kuphela icala lemitha ngonyawo lwabo, abathi emva koko baqubhe ngokukhawuleza.
Abahlobo kunye neentshaba zamanzi ahlambulukileyo e-stingrays
Ekubeni stingrays amanzi acwengileyo ezifana Leopold stingray bahlala efihliweyo kakhulu kwaye bayakwazi ukuzikhusela kakuhle kakhulu ngenxa stingers yabo enetyhefu, abafane babe nazo naziphi na iintshaba zendalo. Ubukhulu becala, imitha eselula iba ngamaxhoba ezinye iintlanzi ezizingelayo. Noko ke, ziyazingelwa zize zityiwe ngabemi basekuhlaleni, yaye zibanjiselwa urhwebo lweentlanzi zokuhombisa.
Zivelisa njani ama-stingrays emanzini?
Ama-stingrays ahlambulukileyo azala ukuhlala eselula. Iimazi zikhula ngokwesondo kwiminyaka emibini ukuya kwemine ubudala. Ukuqulunqa, okunokuhlala kwimizuzu engama-20 ukuya kwengama-30, izilwanyana zilala ngesisu ukuya esiswini.
Kwiinyanga ezintathu kamva, iimazi zizala ukuya kutsho kwishumi elinambini, ezinobubanzi obuziisentimitha ezintandathu ukuya kwi-17. Imisebe yomntwana sele iphuhliswe ngokupheleleyo kwaye izimele ngokupheleleyo. Noko ke, kukholelwa ukuba bahlala kufutshane nonina kwiintsuku ezimbalwa zokuqala ukuze bazikhusele kumarhamncwa.
Zizingela njani ama-stingrays emanzini?
I-stingrays emanzini ziintlanzi ezizingelayo. I-fringe-like pectoral fins, apho amalungu e-sensory ahlala khona, ahlala kwicala lomzimba. Babona ngolo hlobo amaxhoba abo. Ngokukhawuleza nje ukuba bachukumise ixhoba ngamaphiko abo e-pectoral, bayasabela kwaye bathwale emlonyeni wabo. Babeka umzimba wabo wonke phezu kweentlanzi ezinkulu kwaye baqhwabe ii-pectoral fins zabo phantsi ukuze bazibambe endaweni.