UMary Allen
Omnye uthetha ngomlilo wehlathi xa kukho umlilo ehlathini. Loo mlilo wamahlathi unokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza uze ubangele umonakalo omkhulu: Izilwanyana ezihlala ehlathini ziyafa okanye ziphulukane nendawo ezihlala kuyo. Kutsha iinkuni ezininzi emlilweni. Ukutshisa kukhupha icarbon dioxide eninzi emoyeni, eyenzakalisa imozulu. Imithi etshileyo ayinakuphinda ifumane ikhabhon emoyeni ize ivelise ioksijini ngephotosynthesis. Kusoloko kukho umngcipheko wokuba umlilo unwenwele kwiidolophu ezikufuphi kwaye ubeka abantu esichengeni. Ukongezelela, amahlathi alahlekelwa yimali eninzi ngenxa yokuba imithi etshisiweyo ayinakugawulwa ize ithengiswe.
Imililo yamahlathi inempembelelo enkulu kwi-ikhosistim. Kodwa banokwenza izinto ezilungileyo: Iindawo eziqaqambileyo neziqaqambileyo zidalwe. Ngenxa yoko, izityalo ezisemhlabeni zifumana ukukhanya okungakumbi kwelanga kwakhona. Ukutshisa iinkuni kuvumela izityalo ukuba zibuyisele izondlo zazo. Imililo yamahlathi inokudala iimo ezintsha zembonakalo-mhlaba ezinje ngeehesha. Izilwanyana ezinqabileyo ezisebenzisa ezi ndlela zokumila komhlaba njengendawo yokuhlala zinokuzala ngcono.
Umlilo wamahlathi unokuba yingozi ngakumbi xa lome kakhulu ixesha elide. Imimoya ebhudla ngamandla kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu nawo anokuwenza abe shushu umlilo wamahlathi. Xa kukho umlilo ehlathini, izicima mlilo kufuneka zisebenze ngokukhawuleza, ngakumbi xa kushushu ngaphandle kuba umlilo unwenwa ngokukhawuleza. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukucima umlilo emhlabeni kuqala. Imithi ayitshi ngokukhawuleza ukuba akukho bushushu buphuma emhlabeni. Ukwenza oku, usebenzisa amanzi kunye ne-foam yokucima ukusuka kwi-hoses okanye ukugrumba umhlaba nge-spades. Kwimeko yomlilo omkhulu wehlathi, ii-helicopter okanye iinqwelomoya zihlala zisetyenziselwa ukucima. Ezi zibhabha phezu kommandla wehlathi zize zitshize amanzi amaninzi kuwo. Maxa wambi abacimi-mlilo bagawula imithi baze bagawule iipaseji zehlathi ukuze umlilo uphelelwe ngamandla yaye unganwenweli ngakumbi.
Yenzeka njani imililo yamahlathi?
Ngamanye amaxesha ukutsha kwehlathi kunezizathu zendalo. Umzekelo, xa umbane ubetha emthini. Noko ke, imililo emininzi yamahlathi ibangelwa ngabantu. Imililo idla ngokuqala ingaqondanga: Umzekelo, ukuba umntu othile ubambe umlilo ngokungakhathali. Iziguquli ezishushu ezisuka kwizithuthi ezipakwe ehlathini nazo zinokuphemba umlilo kwimbalela enkulu. Ngamanye amaxesha iintlantsi ezivela koololiwe abadlulayo zinokutsibela emithini. Unobangela oqhelekileyo ukwalicuba elilayitiweyo elilahlwa ngumntu emhlabeni ehlathini.
Kodwa kuyenzeka ukuba umntu aphembe umlilo ehlathini ngabom. Emva koko omnye uthetha ngokutshiswa, ohlwaywa ngumthetho. Oku kwenzeka rhoqo kwiindawo ezininzi ezihlwempuzekileyo zamahlathi ashinyeneyo. Izikrelemnqa zitshisa apha ukuze zigawule ihlathi ukuze zifumane umhlaba wokulima. Kodwa kunye nathi, kuhlala kukho iimeko zokutshiswa kwehlathi.
Noko ke, maxa wambi, kuqalwa ukutshiswa kwamahlathi ngaphandle kokuba kwalelwe. Ezinye izizwe ezihlala kumahlathi ashinyeneyo maxa wambi zitshisa imimandla emincinane yehlathi ukuze zilime kangangexesha elithile. Emva koko baqhubela phambili kwaye baliyeke ihlathi likhule kwakhona. Abasebenzi bamahlathi nabacimi-mlilo maxa wambi babasa ngabom. Oko kubizwa ngokuba yimbuyekezo yomlilo ngamanye amaxesha kunokulawula imililo emikhulu yehlathi ngenxa yokuba ukutya kuyatshiswa kunye nomlilo obuyayo. Kwakhona kwenzeka ukuba imililo yamahlathi elawulwa ngamabom ibekwe kwiindawo ezisengozini yokuphela. Oku kuthintela umlilo omkhulu wehlathi ongalawulekiyo ukuba uvele apho ngaxa lithile, onokunwenwela kwezinye iindawo. Ukongezelela, ihlathi elitsha, elisempilweni linokukhula apho.
Kwimimandla emininzi yehlabathi, inani lokutsha kwamahlathi liye landa kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Oku kubangelwa ikakhulu kukutshintsha kwemozulu, nto leyo ebangela imozulu eshushu. Imimandla eyomileyo apho imvula incinane ichaphazeleka ngakumbi kukutsha kwamahlathi. Indawo enjalo, umzekelo, iCalifornia e-USA. Kukho imbalela emandla rhoqo, oko kukuthi amaxesha apho imozulu ishushu kakhulu kwaye yomile. NaseOstreliya, uva ngokutshiswa kwamahlathi ngokuphindaphindiweyo ebudeni beenyanga ezishushu. Ngo-2019, ngexesha elomileyo, kwabakho umlilo omkhulu wehlathi kwihlathi laseAmazon eMzantsi Melika. Ngelo xesha, ihlathi elinommandla ongaphezu kwama-600,000 ebhola ekhatywayo latshiswa. Ngokuqinisekileyo kwakukho imililo emininzi eyayibaswe ngabom zizikrelemnqa.