UMary Allen
Ukutshabalala kuthetha ukuba uhlobo lwesilwanyana okanye isityalo esele siphila ixesha elide asisekho emhlabeni. Xa isilwanyana sokugqibela okanye isityalo sokugqibela sohlobo oluthile sisifa, zonke iintlobo zezilwanyana ziyaphela. Izidalwa eziphilayo ezilolu hlobo azisayi kuphinda zibekho emhlabeni. Uninzi lwezilwanyana nezityalo ezatshabalalayo zazikho emhlabeni ixesha elide ngaphambi kokuba zinyamalale kuwo. Abanye babo kangangezigidi zeminyaka.
Iidayinaso zaphela malunga nezigidi ezingama-65 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Yayizintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ngaxeshanye, ezizezi zonke iindidi zedayinaso ezazikho ngelo xesha. Kubizwa ngokuba kukutshabalala okukhulu. I-Neanderthal yafa kwiminyaka engama-30,000 eyadlulayo, yayiluhlobo lomntu. Ookhokho bethu, iintlobo zabantu "Homo Sapiens", bahlala ngexesha elifanayo ne-Neanderthals. Kodwa olu hlobo lwabantu aluzange lufe, yiyo loo nto siphila namhlanje.
Kwenzeka njani ukutshabalala?
Xa kusekho izilwanyana ezimbalwa zohlobo oluthile, olo didi lusengozini yokuphela. Uhlobo lunokuqhubeka lukho kuphela ukuba izilwanyana zolu hlobo ziyaqhubeka nokuzala, oko kukuthi, zizale izilwanyana ezincinci. Yile ndlela izakhi zofuzo zeentlobo ezidluliselwa kubazali ukuya kwinzala yabo. Ukuba kushiyeke isibini esinye sohlobo oluphelayo, sinokungazali. Mhlawumbi izilwanyana zindala kakhulu okanye ziyagula, okanye mhlawumbi zihlala zodwa kwaye azizange zihlangane. Ukuba ezi zilwanyana zibini zithe zafa, iintlobo zezilwanyana azibikho. Kananjalo akusayi kuphinda kubekho izilwanyana zolu hlobo kuba zonke izilwanyana ezazinemfuza yolu hlobo zifile.
Iyafana neentlobo zezityalo. Izityalo nazo zinenzala, umzekelo ngembewu. Ufuzo lweentlobo zezityalo zikwimbewu. Ukuba uhlobo lwesityalo luyayeka ukuzala, umzekelo, ngenxa yokuba imbewu ingasakwazi ukuntshula, olu didi lwesityalo nalo luya kubhanga.
Kutheni iintlobo zezilwanyana ziphela?
Xa uhlobo oluthile lwesilwanyana okanye lwesityalo lutshabalala, lunokuba nezizathu ezahlukileyo kakhulu. Uhlobo ngalunye ludinga indawo yokuhlala ethile. Le yindawo kwindalo eneempawu ezikhethekileyo ezibalulekileyo kwiintlobo. Ngokomzekelo, izikhova zifuna amahlathi, iintsika zifuna imilambo namachibi acocekileyo, neenyosi zifuna amadlelo namasimi anezityalo ezidubulayo. Ukuba le ndawo yokuhlala iba yincinci kwaye incinci, okanye isikwe ngeendlela, okanye ilahlekelwe yipropati ethile ebalulekileyo, uhlobo oluthile alukwazi ukuhlala kakuhle apho. Inani lezilwanyana liya lincipha lize libe lincinci de ekugqibeleni, esokugqibela sife.
Ungcoliseko lwemekobume nokutshintsha kwemozulu nako kukhokelela ekuphelisweni kweentlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo kuba indawo ezihlala kuzo iye yonakala kakhulu ngenxa yoko. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, iintlobo zezilwanyana zisengozini ukuba zizingelwa kakhulu. Ekubeni umntu ebenempembelelo enkulu kubomi emhlabeni ngenxa yoshishino nolimo, malunga newaka leentlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo ziye zabhanga kunangaphambili kwangelo xesha linye. Xa iintlobo ezininzi zezilwanyana ziphela ngexeshana elifutshane, kubizwa ngokuba kukuphela kweentlobo. Kangangeminyaka emalunga nama-8,000 kuye kwakho elinye ixesha lokuphela kwenyambalala yabantu. Unobangela wale nto yindoda.
Yintoni enokwenziwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukuphela kwezilwanyana?
Kukho imibutho yehlabathi esebenzela ukukhusela imekobume. Umzekelo, bagcina "uLuhlu oluBomvu lweZilwanyana eziseMngciphekweni". Kolu luhlu kukho iintlobo zezilwanyana ezisesichengeni sokuphela. Iingcali ngemekobume ziye zizame ukusindisa iintlobo zezilwanyana nezityalo ezikolu luhlu ukuze zingatshabalali. Oku kuquka nokukhusela iindawo zokuhlala zezi ntlobo. Umzekelo, ngokwenza iitonela zamaxoxo ukuze amaxoxo akwazi ukukhasa phantsi kwendlela.
Kusoloko kwenziwa iinzame zokugcina izilwanyana zokugqibela zohlobo oluthile kwimizi yogcino-zilwanyana. Apha izilwanyana zinyanyekelwa kwaye zikhuselwe kwizifo. Iinkunzi nemazi zidityaniswa ngethemba lokuba ziya kuba nenzala nokuba ezo zilwanyana ziya kulondolozwa.