UMary Allen
Ineqhuma entloko kunye nentamo egobileyo efana nedada, irhanisi lingummeleli obekekileyo wohlobo lwayo. Kodwa imvelaphi yawo ikwawenza abe ludidi olukhethekileyo lwamarhanisi.
Irhanisi elisisimumu lahlukile kwezinye iindidi zamarhanisi. Lilo lodwa elingehliyo kwi-greylag goose kodwa luhlobo olufuywayo lwerhanisi lasendle (Anser cygnoides). Nangona intamo yalo igobile njengedada, alithandabuzeki elokuba irhanisi elisisimumu alinazo izinyanya zamadada. Nangona kunjalo, imbali yemvelaphi yayo ayinakuqinisekiswa.
Njengoko uHorst Schmidt ebhala kwincwadi ethi «Gross-und Wassergeflügel», kucingelwa ukuba amarhanisi azizimumu ebekukhathalelo lwabantu kangangeenkulungwane ezininzi. Imvelaphi yabo kukholelwa ukuba iseTshayina okanye eJapan. Kukwakho neembekiselo ezisusela kwinkulungwane ye-15 apho amarhanisi amakhulu amhlophe anemingxuma kunye nesikhumba somqala ayegcinwa eIndiya, njengoko uSchmidt eqhubeka ebhala kwincwadi yakhe. La marhanisi asasazeka ukusuka empuma ukusa entshona ukunqumla iPersi ukuya kutsho eRashiya. EJamani, kwakhankanywa okokuqala emva kweminyaka emalunga nama-250, xa amarhanisi anamaqhuma amnyama acacileyo aqala ukuchazwa. ESwitzerland, olu hlobo luhlala lubonwa kwimiboniso yeenkukhu zelizwe iminyaka engama-83. Babenommeli omkhulu kwi-1982 kunye nezilwanyana ze-21 kwiSizwe eBern.
Indlela esuka eAsia naseAfrika
Ekuqaleni, irhanisi elisisimumu lalisaziwa ngamagama ahlukeneyo afana nerhanisi, ixilongo, okanye irhanisi lamaTshayina. Kukho ne-anecdote ehlekisayo kwincwadi kaSchmidt. UMongameli wokuqala wase-USA, uGeorge Washington, wanikwa amarhanisi azizimumu. Ngelo xesha iRhuluneli uMorris wanika uMongameli amarhanisi kunye neehagu ezithile kwaye wazingenisa e-United States ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka eTshayina, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni amarhanisi azizimumu asasazeke kuMntla Merika.
Inzala yesibini yaphuma eAfrika. Ngumkhuluwa werhanisi elaziwa kakhulu. Irhanisi elikhulu laseAfrika elisisimumu lifikelela kubunzima obuziikhilogram ezisi-7 ukuya kwezisi-8, kanti irhanisi elisisimumu linobunzima obuziikhilogram ezi-4 ukuya kwezi-5.
Nangona kunjalo, ezi ntlobo zimbini zifana nemibala yeentsiba. Zikhuliswe ngemibala engwevu-mdaka namhlophe. Amarhanisi aseAfrika azizimumu afika eMerika esuka eMadagascar aze emva koko afika eYurophu. Zikwaphuma kwi-swan goose kwaye zifana nerhanisi elisisimumu kwiindawo ezininzi. Umahluko ocacileyo yi-dewlap ecacileyo, enokuthi ifumaneke njengesikhumba sesikhumba okanye isikhwama esincinci phantsi komqala. Enye yeempawu zohlobo lwerhanisi ngumbethe ophindwe kabini esiswini, onokuthi ubonakale kakhulu ebudaleni. Ukuqhwatywa kombethe omnye okanye umbethe ongekhoyo kunokugqalwa njengesiphoso kukhuphiswano loonobuhle.
Emi nkqo nentamo egobileyo njengedada, amarhanisi azizimumu azibonakalisa enjengezidalwa ezintle phakathi kohlobo lwawo. Umzimba obhityileyo okanye intamo etyebileyo, emfutshane ifingekile. Umzobo obhityileyo udalwe ngumgangatho ophakathi kunye nobude obude kunye namaphiko abanzi alele kufutshane nomzimba. Ingakumbi kwizilwanyana ezincinci, ayiqhelekanga into yokuba amaphiko abanzi ajongelwe ngaphandle ngexesha lokukhula kweentsiba. Ijagoni yobugcisa ibhekisa kula maphiko njengamaphiko athambekileyo. Zenza xa i-quills ikhula kwi-primaries kwaye, igcwele igazi, ijikeleze ngaphandle phantsi kobunzima.
Ilizwi Eliphakamileyo kunye namaQhumbu aMnyama
Kwincwadi yakhe, uSchmidt uchaza iqhinga lomfuyi omdala. Ikawusi yenenekazi yatsalwa phezu kwentloko kunye nomzimba wamarhanisi kwaye intloko nemilenze yakhululwa kwindawo evulekileyo. Ngenxa yesitokisi, amaphiko ahlala kufuphi nomzimba kwaye awazange abuyele ngaphandle. Le ndlela kuthiwa iphumelele kakhulu kunokubamba amaphiko kunye nerabha okanye i-tape. Kodwa iingcali zinezimvo ezahlukileyo. Abanye bakhuthaza ukunxiba iikawusi, abanye bayakuchasa ukusebenzisa izilwanyana ezinje ngokuzalanisa. Kunoko, bacebisa ukuxhela amarhanisi anjalo ngoSuku lukaMartin ngoNovemba.
Ngelizwi lexilongo, amarhanisi azizimumu anokuvakala kumniniyo. I-hump yebunzi elimnyama ibonakala njengento eqhelekileyo. Oku kubuthathaka kancinci kwirhanisi kunakwi-gander. Ngokukodwa kwizilwanyana ezindala, i-hemispherical hump iyanda ngobukhulu. Ngombala omhlophe, umlomo kunye ne-hump azikho mnyama, kodwa zibomvu-tyheli ngombala. Izilwanyana ezimhlophe zikholisa ukuba namandla kancinci kunezo zingwevu-mdaka.
Umbala weentsiba zombala ongwevu-mdaka ubonisa umgca ocacileyo omdaka omnyama entanyeni ngasemva ukuya emagxeni. Umphambili wokumisa kunye nesifuba esingaphezulu zimibala emhlophe. Ukongeza kumlomo omnyama, kukho amehlo amnyama amdaka, yimilenze kuphela ekhazimlayo-orenji-bomvu. Umbala ongwevu-bhlowu ubonwa njengempembelelo yombala wesithathu. Iindawo ezinombala omdaka zigqunywe ngeentsiba ezibhlowu okanye ezingwevu. Nangona kunjalo, lo mahluko wombala awukabonwa eSwitzerland.