UMary Allen
I-ecosystem luluntu lwezityalo nezilwanyana ezihlala kwindawo ethile. Ngamanye amaxesha abantu bayinxalenye yalo nabo. Indawo okanye indawo yokuhlala ikwayinxalenye ye-ikhosistim. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-biotope. Igama lesiGrike elithi "eco" lithetha "indlu" okanye "indlu". Igama elithi “inkqubo” lithetha into edityanisiweyo. Inzululwazi yendalo echaza i-ecosystem yi-ecology.
Ukuba inkulu kangakanani le ndawo yokuhlala kunye nokuba yeyantoni na kumiselwa ngabantu, ingakumbi izazinzulu. Ihlala ixhomekeke kwinto ofuna ukuyifumanisa. Ungabiza isiphunzi somthi esibolileyo okanye ichibi ngokuba yi-ecosystem - kodwa ungabiza ihlathi liphela apho isiphunzi somthi kunye nedama zikhoyo. Okanye idlelo kunye nomsinga oqukuqela kuwo.
Ii-ecosystems ziyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha. Xa izityalo zisifa, zenza umgquba emhlabeni ekunokukhula kuwo izityalo ezitsha. Ukuba isilwanyana sivelisa kakhulu, sinokungafumani kutya kwaneleyo. Emva koko ziya kuba mbalwa ezi zilwanyana kwakhona.
Nangona kunjalo, i-ikhosistim nayo ingaphazanyiswa ngaphandle. Oku koko kwenzeka kumsinga, ngokomzekelo, xa umzi-mveliso ugalela amanzi amdaka emhlabeni. Ukusuka apho, ityhefu inokungena kumanzi aphantsi komhlaba, kwaye ukusuka apho ukuya emlanjeni. Izilwanyana kunye nezityalo ezikulo mlambo zinokufa ngenxa yetyhefu. Omnye umzekelo ngumbane obetha ihlathi, utshisa yonke imithi.