UMary Allen
Obona bungqina bedama elisempilweni ziintlanzi ezibalulekileyo. Ngelishwa, i-reverse nayo iyinyani: ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho into engalunganga echibini, umngcipheko wesifo kwiintlanzi zasechibini ukhula ngokukhawuleza. Kule post, ke, sifuna ukujongana nezizathu kunye neempawu zezifo, sichaze ezinye kwaye sinikeze iingcebiso malunga nokuthintela kunye nonyango.
Izizathu
Masiqale kwasekuqaleni: Ngezizathu zezifo kwiintlanzi. Iimeko zokufuya zibandakanyeka kwizifo ezininzi kwiintlanzi zasechibini. Imizekelo yoku kukutya okungondlekiyo, imilinganiselo yamanzi engekho mgangathweni, ichibi elincinane kakhulu, kunye nokuxinana kweempahla eziphezulu kakhulu. Uxinzelelo olubangelwayo lukhokelela ekubeni buthathaka kwemisebenzi yokukhusela yeentlanzi. Oku kwandisa ukungenwa ziintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, kunye nezinye iintsholongwane. Esinye isizathu esiqhelekileyo kukuba izifo ziziswa ngabasanda kufika. Ngoko ke kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqale ngokugcina iintlanzi ezisandula ukufunyanwa kwitanki yokuvalelwa yedwa, uziqwalasele izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwaye uzibeke echibini xa zingenazimpawu. Abanini bamachibi abaphaphileyo banokubona izifo ezininzi kwangoko ukuba bajonga iintlanzi zabo rhoqo. Uya kukufumanisa kulula ukubona izinto ezingaqhelekanga.
Iimpawu
Amaxesha amaninzi akunzima kangako ukuchonga izifo kwangethuba – kufuneka nje wazi into omawuyijonge. Okokuqala, kukho utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha: umzekelo, ukungabikho kwe-reflex yokuphunyuka, ukungabikho kokutya, ukuma ixesha elide phezu komhlaba, okanye ulele phantsi. Iziphazamiso zokuqubha ezifana nokugxadazela kunye nokuma ujonge phantsi nazo zinokubonwa lula. Ukuhlikihla kwi-substrate okanye emphethweni wedama kunye nokuqubha ukuya phambili kunokwenzeka ukuba ugxothwe - kodwa ezi ziphatha zihlala ziyimpawu zokugula. Ngokukwanjalo, iintlanzi ezirhawuzelelwa zikhe zitsibe ziphuma emanzini. Ukutshintsha kokuphefumla kuhlala kunzima kakhulu ukuvavanya: intshukumo ekhawulezayo yegill kunzima ukuyibona kwichibi eliqhelekileyo, kodwa ukuphefumla okungxamisekileyo kumphezulu wamanzi kulula. Ukongezelela, izifo zingakhokelela ekutshintsheni komzimba, okunokuthi kwenzeke ngeendlela ezininzi ezahlukeneyo. Oku kunokuba lutshintsho kumbala, iidiphozithi kumphezulu wolusu, ukubhitya, okanye utshintsho kwimilo yomzimba. Uluhlu lwethu apha alubangi ukuba luphelele. Kuba kunjalo - kuxhomekeke kwisifo - ezinye iimpawu zinokubonakala.
Kubalulekile: Iintsholongwane ezininzi ziyakwazi ukuphindaphinda kwaye zisasazeke ngokukhawuleza emanzini. Ngoko ukuba ubona iimpawu zokuqala zokugula, sabela ngokukhawuleza!
impatho
Ngokuxhomekeke kwisifo, unokuphinda uphathe iintlanzi zakho ngokuzimeleyo. Umzekelo ngeebhafu zetyuwa okanye amayeza athengiswayo avela kwiivenkile zezilwanyana zasekhaya. Utshintsho olukhulu lwamanzi luhlala lunceda. Ukuxilongwa okuchaneke kangangoko kubalulekile xa kunyanga izifo! Kuba nokuba kukho amachiza asebenzayo ngokuchasene nezifo ezininzi ezahlukeneyo: Akukho nto injengechiza elinye elibanzi “kuyo yonke into”. Kwaye unyango lwamachiza olungeyomfuneko lubeka kuphela uxinzelelo olongezelelweyo kumzimba wentlanzi yakho kwaye lunokubangela ukuxhathisa okungafunekiyo. Ngoko ke, sikucebisa ukuba udibane nodokotela wezilwanyana ojongene neentlanzi xa ugula. Unokukunceda intlanzi yakho ngonyango olujoliswe kuyo kwaye akunike iingcebiso zeengcali.
Izifo zeentlanzi eziqhelekileyo echibini
Nantsi eminye imizekelo ephambili yezifo zeentlanzi kunye nonyango lwazo. Ukuba ukrokrela isigulo, sincoma ukuba ufune iingcebiso zogqirha wezilwanyana ogxile kwiintlanzi ngaphambi kokuba unyango. Ngale ndlela, ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kunokwenziwa kwaye unyango oluchanekileyo luqaliswe. Unyango olungeyomfuneko nolungachanekanga kufuneka luphetshwe ngazo zonke iindleko ukuze kuxhamle intlanzi yakho.
Iparhubhu
Isifo sendawo emhlophe (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis)
Esi sifunxi-gazi sibangela amabala amhlophe aqhelekileyo kwinwebu yomkhosi wayo. Ngamanye amaxesha amehlo eentlanzi nawo ayachaphazeleka. Umonakalo weGill obangelwa sisifo sendawo emhlophe ukhokelela ekuphefumleni.
Igama lesiLatini elintsonkothileyo leseli enye lidla ngokusetyenziswa ngendlela efinyeziweyo (“Ichthyo”). I-Ichthyo iphinda-phinda ngesantya soqhushumbo. Amagqabi amhlophe e-pocky awela kwiintlanzi amaxesha ngamaxesha nangaphantsi. Emva kweeyure ezingama-24 (kuxhomekeke kubushushu bamanzi), ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 i-swimming swarmers yamahhala ivela apho, ephinda ihlasele intlanzi. Oku kulandelayo kusebenza kunyango: ngokukhawuleza, kungcono. Unyango nge-malachite eluhlaza, umzekelo, inokwenzeka kodwa kufuneka iqhutywe ubuncinane (!) Iintsuku ezi-5. Ngamanye amaxesha ixesha elide lonyango liyimfuneko.
Costia (Ichthyobodo necator)
Olu lusu lunamafu zizifunxi-gazi zakudala zobuthathaka. Kwiintlanzi zabantu abadala kunye ne-immune system enempilo, i-unicellular organisms inethuba elincinci lokubangela umonakalo. Noko ke, ukuba abemi echibini basebancinci kakhulu okanye sele bebuthathaka zezinye izifo, ezi flagellates zinexesha elilula. Ukwehla kobushushu bamanzi ukuya ngaphantsi kwe-15 ° C nako kukhuthaza uhlaselo. Emva koko ii-parasites zicaphukisa i-mucous membrane. Ngoko ke, iifom ze-opacities ezimhlophe-bluish ezibenyezelayo. Ngokonakalisa i-membrane ye-mucous, bavula indlela yezifo ezongezelelweyo, umzekelo ngefungi. Ngoko ke, uhlaselo olukhulu ludla ngokukhokelela ekufeni. Ngamanye amaxesha iibhafu zetyuwa zanele unyango. Baxhasa i-metabolism yeentlanzi kwaye ngaloo ndlela bazinzisa amajoni omzimba. Kwimeko nayiphi na into, uphando malunga nezizathu kufuneka lwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba unyango lweziyobisi. Ngenxa yokuba xa kuziwa eCosta Rica akubalulekanga nje ukuyiphatha, kodwa nokufumana kunye nokuphelisa isizathu sokungabikho komzimba. Ngaphandle koko, awusoze ukwazi ukugqiba i-parasite kwaye uxhokonxe ukuxhathisa. Ukuba kukho into engacacanga, kungcono uqhagamshelane nogqirha wezilwanyana othembekileyo.
IiFlukes (Gyrodactylus spp., Dactylogyrus spp.)
Ezi ntshulube zincinci zinokubacaphukisa kakhulu abahlali bakho bamachibi. Njengomthetho, abanakubonwa ngeso lenyama. Zinokubonwa kuphela ngokuthembekileyo nge-microscope.
Ukwahlula kwenziwa phakathi kweentshulube zamehlo esikhumba (Gyrodactylus spp.) Kunye negill eye worms (Dactylogyrus spp.).
Umbungu wokufunxa ulusu ufumaneka ikakhulu kwisikhumba sangaphandle. Iyonakalisa inwebu ye-mucous kwaye inguvulindlela wezinye iingxaki: Ukuvuvukala kweepokotho ze-scaly, i-algae, kunye ne-fungal infestation ziziphumo ezinokwenzeka. Izilwanyana ezichaphazelekileyo ngamanye amaxesha ziyakhuhla okanye zitsibe, kwaye ulusu lwazo lusenokubonakala lunamafu. I-Gyrodactylus izala izilwanyana ezincinci kwaye, ngokungafaniyo ne-Dactylogyrus, ayifaki amaqanda.
I-egg-laying gill lipworm ubukhulu becala - kodwa hayi kuphela - ifumaneka kwiigill. Iintlanzi ezichaphazelekayo zineengxaki zokuphefumla ngenxa yokuba iigill ziyacaphuka kwaye zidumbe ngenxa yokuhlaselwa.
Kukho amalungiselelo asebenzayo ngokuchasene ne-flukes. Ukuba uhlaselo luphantsi, iibhafu zetyuwa ezilula zinokunceda rhoqo. Emva kokuba uxilongo lwenziwe ngokuqinisekileyo, ungasebenzisa iimveliso ezivela kwiivenkile zezilwanyana ezikhethekileyo (qiniseka ukuba uyayifunda iphakheji efakwe!) Okanye sebenzisa amayeza achazwe ngugqirha wezilwanyana. Unyango olungeyomfuneko ngamachiza antiparasite kufuneka ziphetshwe ngazo zonke iindleko. Ngaphandle koko, ukuchasa kuya kukhuthazwa!
Intwala yeCarp (Argulus sp.)
Ngokuchasene noko igama libonisa, iintwala ze-carp ziyi-crustaceans. Ezi zifunxi-gazi, ezifikelela kwi-13 mm ngobukhulu, zinokubonwa lula ngeliso lenyama. Zidla ngokuziswa ziintaka zasemanzini. Bahlala beqinile eluswini nakwiipokotho ze-pelvic. Imiphumo enokwenzeka ye-infestation kukubomvu kwesikhumba, okubangelwa ukopha okanye ukuvuvukala. Kudla ngokubakho ukurhawuzelelwa okukhulu. Iintlanzi ezichaphazelekayo, ngoko ke, zizikhuhla ngokwazo, umzekelo, okanye zidubule ngokukhawuleza echibini. Iintwala ze-carp zomntu ngamnye zinokuqokelelwa. Ukuba uhlaselo lunzima, kufuneka lunyangwe ngamayeza. Kukho amayeza athengiswayo afumaneka ezivenkileni okanye kumayeza avela kugqirha wakho wezilwanyana onolwazi ngentlanzi.
Amakhowe
Ukungunda kweentlanzi (Saprolegnia parasitica)
Le pathogen iphantse yafumaneka yonke indawo. Njengomthetho, ayikwazi ukulimaza intlanzi ephilileyo kunye ne-immune system esebenzayo. Izinto ziba dicey xa amajoni omzimba ebuthathaka, umzekelo, ngenxa yobushushu obuphantsi ebusika. Izilonda kulwelwesi lwentlanzi (umz. ngenxa yokurhawuzelelwa nokurhawuzelelwa okubangelwa kukurhawuka) kukwavumela usulelo lweSaprolegnia. Ingakumbi amanxeba akudala emile kwaye asele echaphazelekile nawo ahlala egqunywe ngulo mngundo. Oku kuzibonakalisa ngokwesiqhelo kwiingubo ezinjengomqhaphu. Ekuqaleni zimhlophe, kodwa zinokuthatha umbala oluhlaza-ngwevu. Ngokuzenzekelayo, ukubamba kweentlanzi kusemngciphekweni ngakumbi. Apha, i-fish mold ihlala ikhokelela kwilahleko enkulu.
Unokulungisa i-fish mold infestation kunye namayeza afumanekayo kwintengiso aqukethe i-malachite eluhlaza. Iibhafu zetyuwa zexesha elifutshane ezigxininiswe kakhulu zidla ngokuzisa isiqabu.
Izifo ezibangelwa ziintsholongwane
Ukubonakala kunye nekhosi yeenkqubo zesifo sebhaktheriya echibini zihluke kakhulu. Kukho phantse akukho bhaktheriya, ubukho obukhokelela kwizifo kwiintlanzi. Izifo zebhaktheriya zihlala zibangelwa ziibhaktheriya ezifumaneka echibini kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo azibangeli nawuphi na umonakalo. Ukuba inkqubo ezinzileyo "ihamba", ezi bhaktheriya zikhokelela kwizifo xa ziphindaphinda ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. Izifo ezibangelwa koku zidla ngokubizwa ngokweempawu zazo.
"Isifo somngxunya"
Isifo "somngxuma-kwi-hole", esaziwa ngokuba yi-erythrodermatitis, idla ngokubangelwa yibhaktheriya. Kodwa ezinye ii-pathogens kunye - njengesiqhelo - iimeko ezingafanelekanga zokusingqongileyo nazo zidlala indima. Izilwanyana ezichaphazelekayo zibonisa imingxunya emikhulu, efana nezilonda esikhumbeni. Ezi zikholisa ukuhlala esiqwini okanye emva kancinci ukuya kwicala le-caudal fin. Ngamanye amaxesha unokujonga phantsi kwimisipha yeentlanzi ezigulayo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwi-trigger kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo, isifo siqhubela phambili ngesantya esiphezulu. Ukufa ngequbuliso kunye nelahleko enkulu kunokwenzeka. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane nogqirha wezilwanyana ojongene neentlanzi ngokukhawuleza. Ngoncedo lwe-smear, unokumisela i-pathogen, enze uvavanyo lokumelana kwaye aqalise unyango olufanelekileyo.
"Fin rot"
Amaphiko agqabhukileyo, amafu anobisi okanye abomvu kwincam yencam: Le yindlela “i-fin rot” ekhangeleka ngayo. Ukwenzeka ngokubanzi kwesi sifo kubonisa iimeko eziphantsi kwezindlu. Ngamaxesha athile, intlanzi nganye ichaphazeleka ekuhlaleni kuphela; ukwenzakala kudla ngokuba ngunobangela. Uviwo lwezilwanyana kunye nonyango kwakhona ngokupheleleyo kucetyiswa kwesi sifo. Kuba ezinye iintsholongwane zinokuba negalelo. Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo malunga nendlela ethile yonyango, kufuneka kuqhutywe uxilongo olucacileyo. Ngenxa yokuba ngaphandle kokuphelisa eyona sizathu kwaye ngaphandle kokuphucula iimeko zezindlu, ukulwa nesifo akunakwenzeka.
Izifo zentsholongwane
Intsholongwane yeKoi herpes (KHV)
Esi sifo sichazwe malunga neminyaka engama-20: ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane ye-herpes ye-Koi. Esi sisifo sezilwanyana esaziswayo. Olona phawu lubonakalayo lwesi sifo ngumonakalo omkhulu kwiigill. Nangona kunjalo, le ntsholongwane ichaphazela namanye amalungu, njengolusu, amathumbu kunye nezintso. Intlanzi inokosuleleka ngokungaqhelekanga. Njengomthetho, uxinzelelo kuphela olunxulumene namaqondo okushisa phakathi kwe-16-28 ° C kubangela ukuba isifo siphume. Kukho ukungakhathali nokungabi namdla wokutya. Ukulimala kwesikhumba kunokwenzeka. Izilwanyana zidla ngokuba sesichengeni sezinye izifo ngokunjalo. Okuphawuleka kakhulu ngamanye amaxesha kukuphefumla okukhulu okubangelwa ngumonakalo wegill. Intlanzi ima phezu kwamanzi okanye kwindawo yokuhluza kwaye iphefumle ngokoqobo. Ukufa kwabantu abaninzi kunokwenzeka. Unyango lwe-causal alunakwenzeka. Konke okuseleyo kwiintlanzi ezigulayo kukwandisa iimeko zokugcina kwaye zigcinwe zodwa. Ukufumana i-PCR esekelwe kwintsholongwane ye-herpes ye-Koi, ugqirha wezilwanyana uthatha isampuli encinci ye-tissue kwiigill.
Ezinye iintlanzi (ngaphandle kwekhaphu yasefama) echibini aziguli kodwa zinokusasaza intsholongwane.
Irhashalala (CHV-1)
Ukuba amaqondo obushushu echibini ehla, unokuwabona ngamanye amaxesha: i-carp pox okanye i-koi pox. Zibonakala zimhlophe, zikhazimle, zifakwe i-waxy esikhumbeni okanye emaphikweni. Ukukhula okuncinci kwizilwanyana ezisulelekileyo zihlala zikhula xa i-immune system iyancipha, ngakumbi xa iimeko zokusingqongileyo zingalunganga kwaye amanzi abandayo kakhulu (<12 ° C). "Unyango" ngengqiqo engqongqo yegama ayinakwenzeka, kuba iintlanzi ezichaphazelekayo zihlala zithwala intsholongwane. Kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba i-smallpox ihambe. Oku kunokufezekiswa ngokulungisa iimeko zezindlu.
Njengomthetho, i-koi pox ayisona sizathu sokukhathazeka, ziyiziphene nje. Kuphela kwiimeko ezinqabileyo nezinqabileyo kakhulu apho zibangela ingozi enkulu.
Ezinye izifo
Dada usulelo lwesinyi
Ukudumba kwe-swim bladder kubonakaliswe yinyaniso yokuba intlanzi echaphazelekayo ayinakukwazi ukunika i-buoyancy ngendlela elawulwayo. Kwimeko embi kakhulu, isilwanyana sihlala silele phantsi kwechibi. Inokunyuka kwaye ihle kuphela ngobunzima ngamandla okugqibela. Le nkcitho yamandla iyayidla kwaye ngokukhawuleza ivelisa ii-callous calluses. Ngokuqhelekileyo, zizilwanyana ezizimeleyo kuphela ezichaphazelekayo.
Iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya, okanye ukuphazamiseka kwemetabolism zihlala zibandakanyeka. Indlela yonyango efanelekileyo iphuma kwisizathu kwaye kufuneka igqitywe ngugqirha wezilwanyana oqeqeshiweyo. Nokuba yeyiphi na unobangela wokosuleleka sisinyi, ukonyusa ubushushu bamanzi ukuya kutsho kuma-25-27 ° C kunye nokongeza ityuwa yetafile engena-iodine ukuxhasa ukusebenza kwezintso kudla ngokunceda. Ngelishwa, xa izilwanyana ezigulayo zithanda ukuba neengxaki zesinyi kwakhona.
I-Energy Deficiency Syndrome (EMS)
I-syndrome yokunqongophala kwamandla sisigulo sakudala sasentwasahlobo. Kwenzeka xa kukho intsilelo phakathi kwamandla afunekayo kunye namandla akhoyo. Izizathu ezinokwenzeka zoku kunqongophala kwamandla kukutya okungonelanga kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni okanye ukutyisa kwangoko kakhulu ebusika. I-oksijini ephantsi yoxinaniso emanzini iphinda ithande ukuphuhliswa kwe-EMS. Izilwanyana ezibhityileyo, ezibhityileyo zisesichengeni ngokusengqiqweni. Okumangalisayo kukuba, ukunqongophala kwamandla syndrome kwenzeka ngokuthelekisa rhoqo kwizilwanyana ezityebileyo - kuba azikwazi ukusebenzisela amanqatha azo kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi.
Intlanzi echatshazelwa yi-EMS ibonisa ukuziphatha okungalungelelanisiweyo kokuqubha kuthothe kakhulu ukusabela kunye nokuphefumla okunzulu. Umsebenzi wakho wezintso uthintelwe kakhulu, okubangela ukuba amanzi aqokelele kumgodi womzimba. Izilwanyana ezichaphazelekileyo ngamanye amaxesha zibonakala zijiyile kwaye zidumbile. Izikali zinokuphuma njenge pine cone, amehlo aphume. Izilwanyana ezichatshazelwa yi-EMS zinokuncedwa ngokufudumeza amanzi ngokucothayo ngokungekho ngaphezu kwe-2 ° C ngosuku kunye nokongeza ityuwa ephakathi emanzini. Ukutya okutyiswa kakhulu kunokuqaliswa xa intlanzi ibonisa ukuziphatha okuqhelekileyo kwakhona. I-EMS yimeko kaxakeka! Ukufa akunto ingaqhelekanga.
Thintela izifo zeentlanzi
Uthintelo lungcono kunonyango! Ngenxa yokuba, njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, isifo sinokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza echibini kwaye ngamanye amaxesha sibulale. Nikeza intlanzi yakho ngeyona ndawo ifanelekileyo yezindlu ukunqanda oku. Qinisekisa ukuba umgangatho wamanzi ulungile kwaye ahluzwe ngokwaneleyo. Ubungakanani bechibi kufuneka buhambelane nenani leentlanzi ezigcinwe kunye neemfuno zeentlobo ozigcinayo. Yitya ukutya okunesondlo. Gcina ukutya kwindawo epholileyo, eyomileyo, nekhuselekileyo emoyeni. Ngoko ke ikhuselwe ekonakaleni kwangaphambi kwexesha. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, kunokuba nengqiqo ukongeza umxhesho kunye namavithamini.
Kwakhona, qiniseka ukuba ufumana ugqirha wezilwanyana onolwazi. Ukuba eyona nto imbi kakhulu, kufuneka ube sele unazo iinkcukacha zakhe zoqhagamshelwano kwaye akufuneki ukhangele ugqirha wezilwanyana ofanelekileyo kuqala.
Sicebisa ngokuchasene nonyango lothintelo lwentlanzi yakho ngeemveliso zonyango. Unyango olungeyomfuneko lubeka uxinzelelo kumzimba wentlanzi olubuthathaka kwaye lunokukhokelela ekuxhathiseni kwintsholongwane. Kubalulekile ukuyiphepha le nto!
Iimviwo zokuthintela, kwelinye icala, zinengqiqo ngokwenene. Iingcali ezininzi zezilwanyana zentlanzi zibonelela ngokuhlolwa kwentwasahlobo nasekwindla. Kwizigaba ezibalulekileyo zenguqu, unombono ongcono wesimo sempilo kwaye ngoko ke izinga eliphezulu lokhuseleko.
Kwelinye icala, unakho kwaye kufuneka ujonge rhoqo amaxabiso amanzi ngokwakho. Ukuba kukho utshintsho kwi-negative, ungathatha amanyathelo okuchasa kwasekuqaleni. Ukuphefumla okusebenzayo kwedama kusetyenziswa iimpompo zomoya okanye indawo yokucoca umoya izisa ioksijini emanzini. Oku kunceda intlanzi ukuba iphile ngesiquphe iimeko ezicinezelayo ngcono.
Gwema utshintsho olukhulu kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi okanye aphantsi - nje ukuba ayimfuneko ngokupheleleyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba akufuneki kusetyenziswe abatsha.
Hlala ujonge iintlanzi zakho. Ngale ndlela, ufunda okuninzi malunga nokuziphatha kwabo kwendalo kwaye uqaphele iimpawu zokugula ngokulula ngakumbi.