Xoxa ngeentlanzi kwi-Aquarium: Ingcebiso ngokuzigcina

I-Wafer-encinci, kodwa inemibala emihle, iintlanzi ze-discus ziza kwaye zoyisa ngakumbi nangakumbi ii-aquariums kunye neentliziyo zabanini bazo kweli lizwe. Iintlanzi zimangalisa ngakumbi ngenxa yefomathi ethe nkqo emxinwa, kodwa nangakumbi ngenxa yokwahluka kweethowuni zemibala, iipateni, ii-nuances ezimangalisayo kunye nokukhanya okukhanyayo. Bangumtsalane wokwenyani kuwo onke amachibi, kodwa akukho lula ukuwakhathalela. Uninzi lweentlanzi ze-discus zisuka kwisizukulwana sokuqala kwaye zibanjwe kakhulu okanye zincinci. Ukuze ufumane indawo - okanye kunoko i-fin - kwi-aquaristics, umnqweno wokugcina ezi ntlanzi wenze igalelo elibalulekileyo ekuphuhliseni ngakumbi izihlungi ze-aquarium, iinkqubo zokunyanga amanzi kunye nokuveliswa kokutya kweentlanzi. Okwangoku, inzala ephumelelayo iye yakhuliswa ngempumelelo kwiindawo ezininzi, ezinye zinamagama afanelekileyo acingelwayo njengeMarlboro Red, Tangerine Dream okanye Pigeon Blood. Ngombulelo kuma-aquarist anjalo anamava, kukho iinyani ezinomdla malunga nokugcinwa kweentlanzi ze-discus abaninzi abathanda iintlanzi abangazange beve ngazo. Ukujonga ubomi kunye nomsebenzi weentlanzi ze-discus zihlala zifanelekile.

I-Discus fish kwi-portrait

Ukwenzeka kwendalo kweentlanzi ze-discus kunokwabelwa ngokucacileyo kwi-Amazon. Iintlanzi zijongwa ukusuka ePeru ukuya kwidelta yaseBrazil yaseAmazon, apho umlambo udibana neAtlantiki. Kwaye kwakhona ezingelwa, ngendlela. Zingumthombo oxabisekileyo weprotein kubantu bomthonyama baseAmazonia, kodwa ngaphezu kwayo yonke loo nto zingumthombo obalulekileyo wengeniso yabanye abemi, ekubeni zinokuthengiswa njengempahla engaphandle kwamanye amazwe efumaneka emanzini.

Ngenxa yommandla weAmazon oxhaphake kakhulu, iintlanzi zediscus zivela kwezinye iintlobo zemibala kunye neentlobo ezincinci kwiindawo ezininzi. Amaxesha onyaka okubalela kunye neemvula ngenxa yemozulu yetropikhi ngokuphindaphindiweyo abangela amachibi endalo afana nesiqithi apho abantu baphuhla ngokuzimeleyo kwezinye izinto. Ngoko ke iintlanzi zazichazwe kwaye zahlulwa ngokwahlukileyo.

INGXELO YOBOMI – Xoxa ngentlanzi

Intlanzi ye-discus kunye ne-subspecies yayo ihlala ishushu. Olunye uqwalaselo luyathandabuzeka, olunye alunakwahlulwa ngolwazi olwaneleyo lwenzululwazi. Ngokomzekelo, ukunyuswa kweemitha zokugqibela, i-vertebrae kunye namanani esikali azikwazi ukuhlukaniswa ngokucacileyo. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iimpawu zisebenza kuzo zonke iindidi ezaziwayo. Ngokubanzi, intlanzi ye-discus inokuchazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

iinkqubo

• Igama lenzululwazi: Symphysodon
• Usapho: IiCichlids (Cichlinae)
• I-Genus: intlanzi yamanzi
• Imvelaphi: Inkqubo yomlambo we-Amazon kwindawo eshushu yaseMzantsi Melika

Ukhangeleka

• emxinwa kakhulu, umzimba ophakamileyo
• amaphiko amafutshane, angqukuva kunye neempundu
• iifins zepectoral ezicacileyo
• amaphiko omlomo otsolo
• iprofayili ibunzi elide kunye impumlo emfutshane kakhulu, umlomo omncinci kunye nemilebe perch-eqhelekileyo
• Imivumbo eme nkqo eqaqambileyo phezu kwamehlo, eminye imigca enqamlezayo isasazeka phezu komzimba
• Ukunciphisa i-dentition yethambo le-pharyngeal, amazinyo angama-single-pointed kwi-symphysis
• Ubungakanani bomzimba: 12-16 cm endle, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-20 cm kwi-aquarium

Ecology

• amaqondo obushushu bamanzi etropikhi (29 – 34 °C)
• amaxabiso aneasidi pH (4 – 6.5)
• umgangatho wamanzi athambileyo
• amanzi acocekileyo ngokugqithisileyo, ubukhulu becala angenazo iiminerali ezinyibilikileyo kunye nezinto eziphilayo
• Iindonga eziphakamileyo kunye namathafa akhukulayo anobunzulu bamanzi obuyi-1.5 m ubuncinane

isondlo

• zooplankton
• imibungu yezinambuzane
• iintshulube
• i-shrimp encinci yamanzi
• inkunkuma yezityalo ezibolileyo

Indlela yobomi

• Iintlanzi zeDiscus zihlala kumaqela asekuhlaleni (ezikolo) kwaye zenza izibini
• Ukuvuthwa ngokwesondo: ukusuka kwiinyanga ezi-7 ukuya kwezi-12
• Ukuzimisela ngokwesondo: Kwibhinqa, i-oviduct iphuma ngexesha lokuthandana
• Ukukhwelana kwenzeka xa kukho ukutya okwaneleyo kunye ne-shrimp yamanzi
• I-Spawn: malunga namaqanda angama-300, apho imibungu iqandusela emva kweentsuku ezi-2.5 kwaye yenza iqoqo kwindawo yokuzalela de ibe ikwazi ukuqubha ngokukhululekileyo emva kwezinye iintsuku ezi-4.
• Bobabini abazali banyamekela abantwana; Isici esikhethekileyo: i-larvae feed, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwiiseli eziphezulu zesikhumba zabazali (ukuya kwiiveki ezi-4)
• umndilili wobomi obulindelekileyo: malunga neminyaka emi-5

Ii-subspecies ezaziwa kakhulu

Izimvo ziyahluka ngokubanzi kwi-subspecies. Ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela i-3 ukuya kwi-5 ye-discus subspecies echazwe ngokwesayensi. Inyaniso:

• I-Symphsysodon discus (kunye ne-discus yokwenyani) enemigca ejikajikayo kunye nebhanti ebanzi, emnyama ethe nkqo kumqolo ongasemva womzimba nakwiliso.
• I-Symphsysodon aequifasciatus enenani eliphezulu lezikali kunye ne-7 ukuya kwi-9 imivimbo ye-longitudinal ngokulinganayo, eyokugqibela kwisiseko se-caudal fin
• I-Symphsysodon tarzoo eluhlaza-bluish ngombala kunye namabala abomvu emacaleni omzimba kunye nakwi-anal fin
• I-Symphsysodon haraldi kunye ne-Symphsysodon sp. I-2 itsala ingqalelo encinci kwaye ichazwa kakubi kuphela.

Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo zasendle, kukho ukungafani okuthe kratya ekuzaleni ii-aquarists. Apha, njengomthetho, kuphela umbala kunye neefom zephethini ziyahlukana. Nangona kunjalo, amagama ubuncinane ahlukeneyo, kwaye akhumbuza ngakumbi izicwangciso zokuthengisa kunenzululwazi yangempela.

I-Pidgeon Snakes, i-German Wonders, i-Blue Diamonds kunye ne-White Leopards zikudidi lwazo. Nangona zonke ziyintlanzi ye-discus, ixabiso lemarike libonakala lihambelana ngqo nombala kunye nepateni.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwinto ekhethwa ngabathengi, iifom ezilinyiweyo zikhokelela kwingqiqo ebanzi. Kwaye ke intlanzi ye-discus iqhelekile kunommangaliso ophantsi kwamanzi.

I-Discus fish kwi-aquarium

Kude kude ne-Amazon, kukho iimfuno eziphezulu ze-aquaristics ukuze kugcinwe iintlanzi ze-discus njengeentlobo ezifanelekileyo kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ayinamsebenzi nokuba zijongeka njengelabyrinth enepateni ebomvu okanye i-turquoise exotics: impilo yabo ibuthathaka kakhulu kwaye ixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi. Ezi zinto zisekelwe kubume bendalo kwaye kufuneka zilawulwe ngokungqongqo kwaye zilawulwe. Kungale ndlela kuphela apho i-aquarium enentlanzi ye-discus iya kuphumelela kwaye ithimbe bonke ababukeleyo.

I-aquarium efanelekileyo yeentlanzi ze-discus

Kuba izilwanyana zihlala ngokwamaqela, ezibizwa ngokuba zizikolo, kufuneka zigcinwe kwi-aquarium ubuncinci be-4 ukuya kwi-5 yesampulu. Ngokufanelekileyo, isithuba esimalunga nama-300 eelitha (malunga nama-50 – 60 iilitha ngentlanzi nganye) siyafuneka. Ngenxa yoko, ubungakanani betanki, ikhabhathi yesiseko se-aquarium kunye nezixhobo azinakuqwalaselwa. Ungathethi ubunzima - ngoko kusoloko kubalulekile ukujonga i-statics ngaphambi kokubeka i-discus cymbal kwindlu!

Ngoku iimazi zityhila kuphela isondo sazo ngexesha lokubonisana ngokuthandana kwaye ke azikwazi ukwahlulwa kumadoda ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ulutsha ke ngoko kufuneka luthathelwe ingqalelo ngalo lonke ixesha. Ukugcinwa kwabantu besini esinye akukho ngqiqweni kwaye akukho ngqiqweni kolu didi lweentlanzi, ukuzigcina zodwa yinto yokungahambeli kwaye iinzame zokuhlalisana zihlala zisilela ukwenza oku ngenye indlela.
Konke oku kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo xa ukhetha i-aquarium efanelekileyo. Kungcono ukubonelela ngesithuba esingaphezulu kunokubeka umngcipheko kwiimfazwe ze-turf kunye nenzala echibini.

Kungenjalo iintlanzi zediscus zithathwa njengezoxolo, iindadi ezolileyo kwaye zithe nkqo. Ngamanye amazwi, badinga ubunzulu obungama-50 cm, ngakumbi.

Ngokubhekiselele kwezinye iindawo ezihlala emanzini, yindawo ekhuselweyo kuphela efanelekileyo njengendawo, hayi ngokuthe ngqo ecaleni kwesifudumezi, ingekuko elangeni elithe ngqo okanye ivuleleke kwidrafti, kwaye ukuba kuyenzeka ngaphandle kokungcangcazela komhlaba okubonakalayo. Nje ukuba yonke le nto isendaweni, i-aquarium inokusekwa kwaye imiselwe.

Izixhobo kunye noyilo

Kakade ke, elo dama likhulu kufuneka liyilwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye likhathalelwe. Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngaphambili, i-discus ihlanganisana zombini ezikolweni kunye nababini, iqubha ngokuthe nkqo kunokuba ithe tyaba ikhangele ukutya, ihlala igxile kwindawo ekhuselekileyo apho banokufumana khona ikhusi ngokukhawuleza kwaye bazimele kwingozi ebonwayo.

Ngamanye amazwi, umculo udlala embindini we-aquarium. Ngenxa yoko, izixhobo zisekelwe kakhulu kwinto ephakathi. Olu inokuba lulwakhiwo olwenziwe ngamatye e-aquarium abonelela ngemiqolomba eliqela, udonga lwe-aquarium olwakhiwe ngaphambili, okanye izinto zoyilo ezikhethekileyo ezinje ngenqanawa yepirate, ibhotwe elingaphantsi kwamanzi okanye nantoni na oyithandayo kwaye ayinazingcolisi.

Kwangaxeshanye, itanki kufuneka inike isithuba sokwenziwa kwentsimi. Ukuba kushushu kakhulu embindini kwakamsinya nje ukuba iihomoni zivutha, kufuneka kubekho iindlela zokurhoxa ezaneleyo ezifumaneka emaphethelweni. Oku kunokuba luhlobo lwezityalo zasemanzini, iingcambu okanye iintlobo-ezifanelekileyo zezinto zendalo.

Xa utyala, ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiintlobo zezityalo ezikhethekileyo ezinyamezela imozulu yetropiki ephantsi kwamanzi kakuhle kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, musa ukubola okanye ukukhupha izinto ezinobungozi. Ezi ziquka, umzekelo, izityalo zekrele (Echinodorus), amagqabi omkhonto (Anubias), izikrufu zamanzi (Vallisneria), iikomityi zamanzi (Cryptocorynes) kunye neeferns ezifana neMircosorum. Ukutyalwa okuxineneyo kuthintela intlanzi kakhulu, ngoko ke kulungile ukukhululeka (ityalwe). Izityalo ezimbalwa ezidadayo kunye neengcambu ezijingayo zinokunceda ekuthobeni ukukhanya, njengokuba bekuya kuba njalo eAmazon.

Isanti yomlambo entle iyacetyiswa njengomgangatho, ihlala ifumaneka njengesanti ye-aquarium ekhethekileyo. Kufuneka icocwe ngokwaneleyo ukuze intlanzi itye kuyo, kodwa yomelele ngokwaneleyo ukuba izityalo zingene.

Izityalo ezenziweyo zikwayinto eqhelekileyo kwiintlanzi zediscus. Oku akuphakamisi mbuzo womgangatho womhlaba okanye ukuhambelana. Nangona intlanzi ayifuni kwiindawo eziphilayo zezityalo kwaye aziyifuni isondlo, ngezityalo ezenziweyo isihluzo sendalo esibalulekileyo asishiywanga. Oku kungabuyekezwa ngeteknoloji yokucoca kwaye kwangaxeshanye izityalo ezenziweyo zibonelela ngomthunzi kunye namathuba okurhoxa nje ngemvelaphi. Ekugqibeleni, nangona kunjalo, ngokuyintloko kukukhethwa komntu ngamnye ngabanini abadlala indima - abanye bathanda ngolu hlobo, abanye ngaloo ndlela.

Umgangatho wamanzi, ubushushu kunye nokukhanya

Indawo yokuhlala yendalo yentlanzi ye-discus iphantse ichazwe njengobutshaba ebomini, okanye ubuncinci njengobungenabuhlobo ebomini. Akukho bhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane ezisasazeka kwindawo eneasidi. Ngapha koko, intlanzi ye-discus ayikhathazeki kangako ngexabiso le-pH ene-acidic kunomgangatho ophezulu kunye nococekileyo wamanzi. Ukhuseleko lwakhe luphakathi, kunokuba lubuthathaka.

Izihluzi ezifanelekileyo ngokufanelekileyo ke ngoko kufuneka ziqinisekise umgangatho wamanzi ofanelekileyo. Kungenjalo, kumaqondo obushushu angaphezu kwama-29 °C, iintsholongwane beziya kusasazeka ngokukhawuleza. Izihluzi ze-aquarium ezisebenza ngokuphezulu zihlala zidibanisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokucoca kunye nokusetyenzwa kwebhayoloji ziintsholongwane, ezithi zona zihlale kwizinto zokucoca kwaye ukusuka apho ziguqule i-toxins, zibole i-nitrite kunye ne-ammonia kwaye zifunxe kwaye zophule iintsalela zentlanzi.
Kwangaxeshanye, amanzi kufuneka athambe kakhulu, angabinabulukhuni obunokumetwa. I-pH efanelekileyo yi-4 ukuya ku-5. Ukuba amanzi ahlambulukileyo afakwe echibini njengenxalenye yokutshintsha kwamanzi rhoqo ngenxa yesigxina, oku kunokuba buninzi be-2 degrees kubanda, akunakufudumala. Kwangaxeshanye, amaxabiso anokuzaliswa ngokongeza i-peat, iicones ze-alder, amagqabi e-beech okanye amalungiselelo akhethekileyo olwelo.

Ukuze izityalo kunye neentlanzi zikhule ngendlela efanelekileyo kwiintlobo zazo, ixesha lokukhanyisa iiyure ezili-12 emini lifanelekile. Nangona kunjalo, iintlanzi ze-discus ziyakuvela ukukhanya. Ukongeza kwizityalo ezidadayo esele zikhankanyiwe zokuthambisa, ngamanye amaxesha kunye neengcambu, kucetyiswa iityhubhu ze-fluorescent ezilungelelanisiweyo. Ukuba usafuna ukukhupha imibala emikhulu yeentlanzi kwinzuzo yabo engcono, ungasebenzisa izibane kunye necandelo elibomvu.

Ukongeza, ii-timers, izifudumezi zeentonga, izihluzi zangaphandle kunye nezisezantsi, iityhubhu zemini kunye nezongezo ziyafumaneka kwiidiscus aquariums, ezilungiselelwe iimfuno zeentlanzi zamanzi acwengileyo ashushu kunye nomthamo wamatanki amakhulu.

Yondla intlanzi ye-discus ngokufanelekileyo

Xa ithelekiswa nezinye iintlanzi zokuhombisa, idiscus inomgudu omfutshane wokwetyisa. Ngoko ke kufuneka ityiswe amaxesha amaninzi ngemini, kunye nezabelo ezincinci zanele. Ukutya okufriziwe, ukutya okuphilayo, i-vitamin flakes kunye / okanye i-granules "ikhonzwa" ngamaxesha angama-2 ukuya kwe-3 ngosuku kwaye iyahluka. Iintlanzi ezisencinci zifuna isigqi sezidlo ezi-5 ngosuku, ezitshintsha ngokuthe ngcembe zibe zi-3 okanye ezi-2.

Xa kuziwa kwisondlo ngokwayo, ukubunjwa komgangatho ophezulu kubalulekile. Yonke into engatyiswanga iphelela emanzini kwaye ibonelela ngendawo yokuzalela iintsholongwane, ezaziwa ngokuba zimbi kwi-discus. Ezinye ii-aquarists ke ngoko zifunga ngokutya kwe-discus ekhoyo xa kutyiwa i-discus. Apha, ishishini liye lamkela ngokukhethekileyo iintlobo zeentlanzi kwaye lenze ukubunjwa okukhethekileyo, imfuno yeentlanzi zokuhlobisa iphezulu kakhulu. Abanye abagcini, kwelinye icala, bathembele ngokuyintloko kukutya okuphilayo. Kule meko, nangona kunjalo, ukutya kufuneka kufakwe kwizinto ezibolayo zezityalo, ezenza umlinganiselo ongenakulinganiswa wokutya kwendalo. Oku kunokuba ngamagqabi afileyo, afana ne-beech, i-oki, i-alder, i-birch, imithi ye-almond yolwandle kunye nezityalo ezifanayo. Izinto zesityalo sesibini nazo zixhasa uthintelo lwezifo.

Usuku okanye ezimbini ngaphandle kokutya akuyongozi kwintlanzi ye-discus ephilileyo. Ngokuchasene noko: iintsuku zokuzila ngokukhawuleza zihlambulula umgudu wokugaya kwaye zikhusele umgangatho wamanzi. Amanyathelo anjalo kufuneka asekelwe kumava aneleyo kunye noxolo lwengqondo ukuba zonke iintlanzi ezisetankini zifanelekile ngokwaneleyo.

Iqabane lokuloba kwi-discus

Ukuba ujonga imiqathango yokugcinwa kweentlanzi ze-discus, ukukhethwa kweentlanzi zeqabane kunqunyelwe kakhulu. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nendawo ethambileyo, eneasidi iyodwa ayingomntu wonke. Kwakhona, i-companian fish ayithathi indawo ye-conspecifics okanye isetyenziswe kakubi njengelinge lokunxibelelana. Iitanki zohlobo olunyulu ziqhelekile kwaye zilungele iintlanzi zediscus.

Ukuba usafuna ukusebenzisa ezinye izilwanyana, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kuxolo lwazo kwaye, ngaphezu kwako konke, uphephe iintlobo ezenza umhlaba. Umzekelo:

• Ukufunxa i-catfish kunye ne-armored catfish
• iitetra ezincinci: i-neon tetras, i-hatchet, i-lemon tetras, phakathi kwabanye
• iicichlids ezincinci kunye nebhabhathane cichlids
• iibarbels ezahlukeneyo, iinkumba, kunye neeshrimps, umzekelo abatya i-algae, iinkumba ezibomvu, i-shrimps

Abanye baba bahlali bafaka igalelo ngenkuthalo ekuhluzeni nasekuphuculeni umgangatho wamanzi. Kwaye nokuba i-shrimp yamanzi ahlambulukileyo ikwimenyu yentlanzi ye-discus, iiprawn zokumkani zigcinwa. Ngaloo ndlela, ezi ntlobo zikhankanyiweyo zibhekwa njengento ehambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-discus, nangona kungekhona njengesihlomelo esiyimfuneko.

Nabani na othanda i-discus yeentlobo zeentlanzi uya kuba namehlo kuphela ubuqaqawuli obuhle obuhambayo bombala, iipatheni ezikhangayo, kunye nomsebenzi ohambelanayo wezilwanyana.