Idipper

Idipha ithiywe ngolo hlobo kuba ifana nentaka emnyama yaye ihlala kufuphi namanzi. Kuphela kwentaka eculayo ekwaziyo ukudada nokuntywila.

iimpawu

Ijongeka njani idipper?

IDipper inomdaka omnyama kunye nebhibhi enkulu emhlophe. Amaphiko ayo mafutshane kwaye angqukuva, kwaye idla ngokuwubambela phezulu umsila wayo njenge-wren. Umalunga ne-18 cm ubude kwaye unemilenze eyomeleleyo, emide. Iidipper ezincinci zimdaka-ngwevu.

Kananjalo banomqolo omnyama kunye nesisu esikhaphukhaphu. Kuphela xa sele bekhulile baye banxibe ibele elimhlophe eliqaqambileyo kunye nebhibhi yomqala. Ngendlela: Amadoda kunye nabasetyhini bakhangeleka ngokufanayo.

Ihlala phi idipha?

Idipper ifumaneka eYurophu, kuMntla Afrika, nakwi-Near East. I-Dippers ithanda imilambo ehamba ngokukhawuleza kunye nemilambo enamanzi abandayo, acacileyo kunye negrabile kunye namatye angaphantsi. Amatyholo aphantsi kunye namatyholo kufuneka akhule elunxwemeni ukuze akwazi ukufumana iindawo zokufihla kunye neendawo zokuhlala. Amanzi anjalo ubukhulu becala afumaneka apho kukho iintaba neenduli. Idiphu ayikhathaleli ingqele: ihlala nathi nasebusika. Kwaye ezintabeni, unokuzifumana ukuya kuma-2000 m ukuphakama!

Zeziphi iintlobo zeediaper ezikhoyo?

EYurophu kukho iindidi ezahlukeneyo zedipper; nangona kunjalo, zahluke kancinane kuphela omnye komnye. IiDippers kumntla weYurophu (Cinclus Cinclus cinclus) zinesisu esimnyama-ntsundu, uMbindi waseYurophu (Cinclus Cinclus aquaticus) kwaye ezo zisuka kwiBritish Isles ( Cinclus Cinclus hibernicus) zinesisu esibomvu-mdaka. Idiphu emdaka (Cinlus pallasii) ihlala kumbindi nakwimpuma yeAsia, idipper engwevu (Cinlus mexicanus) kwintshona yoMntla nakuMbindi weMelika, kunye nedipper enentloko emhlophe (Cinclus leucocephalus) eMzantsi Melika.

Zonke iidippers zezosapho lwe-dipper. Oku kunokuvakala kusengqiqweni, kodwa akuzicacelanga: iintaka ezimnyama esizaziyo kwiigadi zethu zezooothrushes! Ngoko ke, nangona igama elifanayo, i-blackbirds kunye ne-dippers ayizalani.

Ingaba baneminyaka emingaphi idippers?

Iidippers zinokuphila ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi.

Ziphathe

Iphila njani idipper?

IiDippers zinomdla wokubukela. Zibhabha kufutshane nomphezulu wamanzi, zihlala phantsi phezu kwelitye kwaye zihlala zenza iintshukumo ezifanayo: ziphakamisa imisila yazo, zigobe imilenze yazo kwaye zishukumise imizimba yazo phezulu nasezantsi. Emva koko baziphosa emanzini ukuze batye. Iidippers ngabazingeli abagqibeleleyo bangaphantsi kwamanzi. Nangona zingenamaphiko ezinyaweni zazo, zibheqa ngamaphiko azo amafutshane kwaye ziyakwazi ukudada ngaphantsi kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukuphepha ukutshayelwa ngumsinga, basebenzisa iqhinga: bema kwi-engile ukuya kumsinga ukuze utyhale umzimba wabo kancinane ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Emva koko banokuhamba naphantsi kwamanzi ngemilenze yabo eyomeleleyo. Okona kuntywila kude kuphele imizuzwana engama-30, kodwa bahlala bebuyela kumphezulu kunye nexhoba labo emva kwemizuzwana embalwa. Ebusika, zide zintywile nakwimingxuma esemkhenkceni.

Iidippers ziqhelene kakuhle nokuphila emanzini: Ukugcina iintsiba zazo ezishinyeneyo zingabi manzi, zithambisa iintsiba zazo - ezifana namadada - ngolwelo olunamafutha olusuka kwipreen gland. Bayakwazi nokuvala iimpumlo neendlebe zabo xa bentywila. Amehlo azo akagosogoso, kodwa athe tyaba njengeeglasi zokuntywila, ukuze abone kakuhle phezulu nangaphantsi kwamanzi. IiDippers zihlala zodwa. Kuphela ngexesha lokuzala bathanda inkampani baze bahlale neqabane labo.

Abahlobo neentshaba zedipper?

Iidipper eziselula ngokukodwa zineentshaba: iikati, iimpuku, i-weasel, kunye neejay zinokuba yingozi kubo.

Zivelisa njani iidiphu?

Idipper eyinkunzi iqalisa ukwakha indlwane kwangoFebruwari. Yakha indlwane engqukuva kumda webhanki phantsi kweengcambu, iziqu zemithi, okanye kwimingxuma eludongeni naphantsi kweebhulorho. Ukuba ifumene iqabane, uya kunceda ukwakha. Indlwane igqunywe ngobulembu ngaphandle kwaye ifakwe kakuhle ngamagqabi ngaphakathi. Inomnyango omncinci osecaleni.

Ukuthintela iintshaba ukuba zingangeni, ilele nje phezu kwamanzi kumqolomba omncinci okanye kwikona emnyama efihlakeleyo. Ngamanye amaxesha iidippers zikhangela indawo ekhuselekileyo yendlwane yazo: ziyakha eludongeni emva kwengxangxasi. Emva koko banokufika kuphela kwindlwane yabo ngokuntywila kumanzi alwayo – kodwa amantshontsho akhuselekile.

Phakathi kukaMatshi noJuni, imazi iqandusela amaqanda amane ukuya kwamathandathu. Intshontsho liqanduselwa emva kweentsuku ezili-16 kwaye libaleka emva kweentsuku eziyi-19 ukuya kwezingama-25. Iidiphu ezincinci zifunda ngokukhawuleza: nje ukuba zibhabhe, ziyakwazi ukuntywila kwaye zidade. Iidippers zide zikhulise iibrood ezimbini ngonyaka kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo.

Iidippers zinxibelelana njani?

IiDippers ziyancula kwaye zibethe impempe ngokutshintshanayo kwaye zenze izandi ezikrwempayo. Xa zibhabha phezu kwamanzi, zibiza “ztiittz” okanye “zit” kakhulu.

Care

Zitya ntoni iidiphu?

Ngaphantsi kwamanzi, iidippers zizingela izinambuzane zasemanzini, imibungu, kunye nee-amphipods. Azizityi izilwanyana ezikhulu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zibambisa iintlanzi ezincinci.