Ukukhohlela ezinjeni nasezikatini: Yintoni eNgemva Koko?

I-reflex yokukhwehlela inokuthi iqhutywe yizinto zangaphandle okanye i-secretions kwi-airways, ukuvuvukala, okanye uxinzelelo olwenziwa kwi-airways; Nangona kunjalo, ukukhohlela nako kunokuba yinto yokuzithandela. Ukukhwehlela yindlela yokukhusela yendalo kunye nokucoca kwindlela yokuphefumula.

Ekubeni unyango lokukhwehlela lufanele lujoliswe kwisifo esisisiseko ngokusemandleni, i-diagnostic workup idla ngokuba luncedo, ngakumbi kwimeko yengxaki engapheliyo.

The oonobangela abaqhelekileyo of ukhohlokhohlo zizifo kwiphecana lokuphefumla, apha umahluko unokwenziwa phakathi kwendlela yokuphefumla ephezulu nasezantsi. Ukongezelela, isifo senhliziyo sinokuhamba kunye nokukhwehlela kunye nezifo ze-pleural cavity, ngakumbi kwizinja. Xa kuphandwa unobangela, izinto ezifana nobudala kunye nohlanga lwesigulane, imbali, kunye noviwo lweklinikhi lunokubonelela ngoncedo olubalulekileyo ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukuxilongwa. I-X-reyi, i-endoscopy, i-CT, i-histological, i-cytological, kunye ne-microbiological examinations nazo zinokunceda ekuxilongweni.

Izilwanyana ezincinci zibonakaliswa rhoqo ngezifo zokuphefumla (ikati ebandayo, i-canine infectious tracheobronchitis, usulelo lwe-Bordetella, i-distemper), ngelixa izifo zentliziyo kunye ne-tumor zixhaphake kakhulu kwizigulane ezindala.

Ezinye iintlobo zixhomekeke kwizifo ezithile, ezifana nesifo senhliziyo kwiintlobo ezifana nePersian, Boxer, Doberman Pinscher, kunye nabanye abaninzi, okanye ukuwa kwetracheal kwiintlobo ezincinci ezifana neYorkshire Terriers, Pomeranians, kunye neChihuahuas.

Apha kubaluleke ngakumbi emva ingxelo yogonyo lwangaphambili (ikati ebandayo, i-distemper, i-tracheobronchitis pathogens), ingxelo yangaphambili phesheya (i-heartworms), uluhlu lwamahhala kwiikati (i-lungworms, trauma), kwaye ngokuqinisekileyo iimpawu (uhlobo, ubude, unyango lwangaphambili kunye nokuphendula okunokwenzeka kunyango lwangaphambili, ukukhutshwa kweempumlo, ukuthunga, ukusebenza kakubi, ukuphefumula okufutshane, okwaziwayo kwangaphambili / izifo ezihambelanayo kunye noxilongo lwangaphambili). Iziphumo ezikhoyo (i-laboratory, i-X-ray, i-ultrasound ye-cardiac) kufuneka iziswe ngumnini kwidinga ukuba kunokwenzeka.

Uvavanyo lwezonyango

Uvavanyo lweklinikhi kufuneka lubandakanye, ngaphezu kovavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwesigulane, a uviwo olucokisekileyo olulodwa kwendlela yokuphefumula. Ukongezelela ekuhloleni uhlobo lokuphefumula kunye neempawu ezinokubakho zokuphefumula okufutshane, kubalulekile ukuba ubeke ingqalelo kuyo nayiphi na impumlo. Xa u-auscultating isigulane, i-airways ephezulu (i-larynx / pharynx indawo) kunye nemiphunga kunye nentliziyo kufuneka iphulaphulwa ukujonga iimpawu ezinokuthi zithintele (izandi zokubetha), ukunyuka kwezandi zokuphefumla nge-bronchi kunye nemiphunga okanye ingxolo yentliziyo / i-arrhythmias ( umqondiso onokubakho wengxaki yentliziyo ) zikhona. Kwiimeko ezininzi, uxinzelelo oluncinci kwindawo ye-larynx okanye trachea lunokubangela ukukhohlela.

Izinja kwaye, ngokungaqhelekanga, iikati ezinosulelo, ngakumbi izifo zentsholongwane kunye ne-bacterial zokuphefumula zokuphefumula, zinokubonisa ngeklinikhi ubushushu bomzimba obuphakamileyo, kodwa ubushushu obuqhelekileyo okanye i-hypothermia ayifuni ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane.

Izigulane ukukhutshwa kwesifuba badla ngokubonisa ukuphefumla njengolona phawu luphambili. Ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani be-effusion, izandi zentliziyo eziphazamisekileyo kunye nezandi zokuphefumla zinokumiselwa kwi-auscultation.

Kwiphecana eliphezulu lokuphefumla, ukukhohlela kunokubangelwa kukuvuvukala, ukosuleleka, ithumba, okanye utshintsho olusebenzayo kwindawo ye-nasopharynx, larynx, x, kunye nendawo ephezulu yoqhoqhoqho. Ezi zigulana zihlala zibonisa isandi esicacileyo sokuphefumlela phezulu ngenxa yokuxinana. Ukukhohlela kunokuqalwa luxinzelelo oluncinci kwi-larynx okanye trachea.

Iimpawu zokukhohlela ezibukhali zinokuvuswa ngumzimba wangaphandle okanye usulelo olubukhali (i-cat flu complex, i-canine infectious tracheobronchitis = ukukhohlela kwe-kennel). Kwimeko yeengxaki ezingapheliyo, ngokukodwa kwiintlobo zeenja ezincinci (Yorkshire Terrier, Spitz, Chihuahua), ukuwa kwetracheal kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo. I-Rhinitis inokubangela ukukhohlela ngenxa yokuphuma okubuyela umva. Ukucaciswa koxilongo lokukhohlela okubekwe kwindawo ephezulu yokuphefumula kubandakanya ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray yomqala kunye ne-larynx ukufumana ubungqina bokucutha, ukukhula okuthambileyo kwezicubu ezithambileyo, okanye ukuwa kwemibhobho yomoya. Ukucaciswa ngakumbi, ngakumbi ukukhohlela okungapheliyo, kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa i-endoscopy ye-nasopharynx, i-larynx a, kunye ne-trachea, kunye neesampuli ze-Biopsy okanye ii-cytological smears zotshintsho zinokuthathwa. Umsebenzi we-larynx uvavanywa ngaphambi kokuba kufakwe i-intubation kwingqondo ebonisa umsebenzi othintelweyo (i-larynx paralysis). I-tracheoscopy luxilongo olukhethwayo lokufumanisa nokuvavanya (iqondo kunye nobungakanani) ukubola koqhoqhoqho (jonga uMzobo 1 kwigalari yemifanekiso).

Izifo kwi-bronchi, i-alveoli, kunye nezicubu zemiphunga ziyizizathu eziqhelekileyo zokukhohlela. Ngokubanzi, kunokubonwa ukuba izifo zemibhobho yomoya emikhulu (umz. ukuqhawuka koqhoqhoqho, ukukrala kwesifuba, ukuqhawuka kwebronchi) zikhokelela kukhohlokhohlo oluvakalayo nolomileyo, ngelixa izifo ze-alveoli kunye ne-Lung parenchyma (umzekelo, inyumoniya, ukudumba kwemiphunga) kunokwenzeka ngakumbi. ukukhatshwa lukhohlokhohlo oluthambileyo, olumanzi. Ingxolo ye-stridor kwindawo yeetyhubhu ze-bronchial ihlala isenzeka kwiikati ezinezifo ezingapheliyo ze-bronchial (i-asthma ye-feline, i-bronchitis).

Ngamanye amaxesha kukho imizimba yangaphandle kwindawo esezantsi yokuphefumla okanye usulelo olungapheliyo (uninzi lwebhaktiriya: umz. usulelo lweBordetella). Amathumba emiphunga ayenzeka kancinci.

Ngelixa izigulana ezinoqhoqhoqho ziqhelekile kwiintlobo zeenja zokudlala, ukuwa kwendawo enye okanye ngaphezulu kumthi webronchial kukwaxhaphakile kwiintlobo ezinkulu zeenja. Malunga ne-80% yezinja ezinoqhoqhoqho nazo zinebronchial collapse, enokuthi ibe mandundu ngakumbi iimpawu zokukhohlela. Ukuwa koqhoqhoqho okanye amacandelo ebronchial anokubonwa ngcono kwi-endoscopically.

I-bronchitis engapheliyo kwenzeka kakhulu kwizinja ezineminyaka ephakathi kunye nezindala. Esi sifo sibonakaliswe ngokuvuvukala okungapheliyo kwe-bronchi, okukhokelela ekuveliseni ngokugqithiseleyo kwe-mucus. Izinja zibonisa ukukhohlela kwaye zihlala zingasebenzi kakuhle. Unobangela awukaziwa.

Izizathu ezosulelayo Ukukhohlela ezinjeni nasezikatini kunokuba ziintsholongwane (iikati: i-herpes kunye ne-caliciviruses; izinja: i-kennel cough complex, distemper), ibhaktheriya ( bordetella bronchiseptica, Streptococcus zooepidemicus okanye ezinye iintsholongwane zebhaktiriya), izifunxi-gazi (izinja: Angiostrongylus vasorum, IiFilaroides osleri, I-Crenosoma vulpis, ikati: I-Aelurostrongylus abstrusus kwaye kuphela kunqabile kakhulu usulelo ngefungi okanye iprotozoa ( Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum) kuba. Ngelixa usulelo lwentsholongwane lwendlela yokuphefumla ludla ngokubangela iimpawu zokukhohlela, usulelo lwebhaktheriya kunye neparasitic lunokunxulunyaniswa nokukhohlela okungapheliyo.

Kwezinye iimeko, i ilabhoratri inokubonelela ngolwazi malunga nohlobo lwesifo esisezantsi. Kwizigulane ezine-bronchopneumonia yebhaktheriya, i-granulocytes ye-neutrophilic kunye ne-rod-nuclear neutrophils (i-shift ekhohlo) inokunyuswa. Izinja ezine-bronchopneumonia zinokuba namazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-C-reactive protein (CPR). Kwiikati ezine-asthma ye-feline, kunokubakho ukwanda kwe-eosinophilic granulocytes kwinani legazi, kunye nakwizigulane ezineentsholongwane zemiphunga.

Kwizinja kunye neekati ezihamba simahla, usulelo lwemiphunga kufuneka lukhutshelwe ngaphandle ukuba kukho iimpawu ezingapheliyo zokuphefumla kunye nokukhohlela. Oku kunokwenziwa ngokubhaqa imibungu ye lungworm ekhutshiweyo kusetyenziswa indlela ye-Baermann yokufuduka kwiisampulu zelindle okanye ngokufunyaniswa kwe-cytological yemibungu kulwelo lwe-BAL (jonga uMfanekiso 2 kwigalari yemifanekiso). Ukuba kuyenzeka, iisampulu ezintathu zesitulo ezahlukeneyo kufuneka zihlolwe. Ukufunyaniswa kombungu wenja i-Angiostrongylus vasorum ngoku nako kunokwenziwa kusetyenziswa ukufumanisa i-pathogen (PCR) kulwelo lwe-BAL okanye igazi. Kukwakho novavanyo olukhawulezayo lokubona kwiserum.

I-X-reyi yentliziyo / yemiphunga kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-trachea ukunceda ukubeka indawo kunye nokuhlelwa ngcono ingxaki yokuphefumla. Ukuba imeko yesigulane ivumela, kufuneka zenziwe kwiindiza ezintathu, okanye ubuncinane kwiindiza ezimbini (i-anterolateral kunye ne-ventrodorsal okanye i-dorsoventral). Ngale ndlela, iimpawu zezifo ezinokuthi zibe kho sele zifumaneka (umzekelo, isifo esirhanelekayo sebronchi kunye neempawu zemiphunga ye-bronchial, inyumoniya ekrokrelekayo eneempawu zemiphunga ye-alveolar; jonga uMzobo 3 kwigalari yemifanekiso). Kusenokubakho imiqondiso yesifo sentliziyo (intliziyo eyandisiweyo isithunzi, imithambo yepulmonary exineneyo) okanye i-thoracic effusion. Ukuba kukho ukurhanelwa kwengxaki kwimizila yomoya (ukuwa kwe-airway, i-bronchitis, imizimba yangaphandle, i-bronchopneumonia), ukuhlolwa kwe-endoscopic kwindawo ephezulu nasezantsi yokuphefumla yenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia. Kakade ke, olu viwo kufuneka lwenziwe kuphela kwizigulane ezizinzileyo, ekufuneka zibekwe iliso ngexesha le-anesthesia nge-pulse oximetry kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, kunye ne-ECG kunye ne-capnography. I-bronchoscopy ene-endoscope eguquguqukayo (imifuziselo ekhethekileyo ekhoyo kwizinja ezinkulu okanye iikati kunye nezinja ezincinci) ikwavumela ingqokelela ekujoliswe kuyo ye-bronchoalveolar secretions usebenzisa. ukuhlamba i-bronchoalveolar(BAL). I-BAL inokwenziwa "ngokungaboniyo" kunye neprobe eyinyumba ngetyhubhu enyumba (jonga umfanekiso 4 kwigalari yemifanekiso). Iimililitha ezimbalwa zesisombululo se-saline esingenazintsholongwane zitofwa kwindlela esezantsi yokuphefumla ngeprobe emva koko zifunxelwe ngaphandle kwakhona. Ulwelo lwe-BAL kufuneka emva koko luvavanywe ngokwe-cytologically kunye nenkcubeko ukucacisa ngakumbi izifo ezosulelayo kunye nokudumba okusisiseko.

Amathumba emiphunga aphambili ezinjeni nasezikatini zingoonobangela abanqabileyo bokukhohlela, uninzi lwamathumba ziimetastases ezivela kwezinye iindawo. Awona mathumba emiphungeni aqhelekileyo ezinjeni nasezikatini yicarcinoma (jonga umfanekiso wesi-5 kwigalari yemifanekiso). Ukuba kukho ubungqina be-radiographic be-tumor ye-lung, i-computed tomography ingasetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ngokuchanekileyo ubunzima kunye nokukhangela i-metastases kunye nokubandakanyeka kwe-lymph node. I-Radiologically, i-tumor metastases inokubonwa kuphela kubukhulu be-3-5 mm.

Umbuzo oqhelekileyo kwizinja ngumahluko phakathi kwentliziyo kunye nokukhwehlela kokuphefumla. Ngokuqhelekileyo akulula ukufumana unobangela, ekubeni izigulane ezininzi ezindala zinentliziyo ekhalaza kunye nesifo esingapheliyo sokuphefumla ngaxeshanye. Izizathu eziqhelekileyo zentliziyo ezikhokelela ekukhwehleleni kwizinja zizifo ezikhokelela ekuphelelweni kwentliziyo kunye ne-pulmonary edema elandelayo okanye uxinzelelo kwi-bronchus engundoqo ekhohlo ngenxa yokwandiswa kwentliziyo yasekhohlo. Ukuba i-pulmonary edema sele ikhona, ukuphefumula okufutshane kudla ngokuba lolona phawu luphambili lwekliniki kwisigulana.

Ukukwazi ukwenza uxilongo olucacileyo kwisigulana esinesifo senhliziyo esikrokrelekayo, nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-X-rays, intliziyo ultrasound, yaye I-ECG iyafuneka. Uvavanyo lwe-ECG lusebenza ngokuchaneka ngakumbi kwi-arrhythmias. Imifanekiso ye-X-ray ivumela uvavanyo olunenjongo yobukhulu bentliziyo (ngokweskimu se-VHS = i-Vertebral Heart Score), iinqanawa ze-pulmonary, kunye neepateni zemiphunga ezinokwenzeka. I-cardiac ultrasound ivumela ukumiselwa ngokuchanekileyo kwemilinganiselo yegumbi kunye novavanyo lwemisebenzi yevalvu kwaye ngaloo ndlela inokwenza ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo kwesifo senhliziyo esisezantsi kunye nokugqithiswa komthamo wentliziyo. Ukongeza, i-biomarkers efana ne-nt-proBNP inokunceda ukwahlula phakathi kwentliziyo kunye nesizathu sokuphefumla sokukhohlela kunye ne-dyspnea (ukuphefumula okufutshane).

Iinkqubo ezinkulu zokuthatha indawo okanye ukukhutshwa kwi-thorax kunokubangela ukukhwehlela. Ezi zinokuba ngamathumba, i-granulomas, i-abscesses, i-lymph nodes eyandisiweyo, okanye i-diaphragmatic hernias. Ngokweklinikhi, izigulana ezinomkhuhlane zidla ngokubonisa ukuphefumla kancinci kunokukhohlela. I-Radiologically, inkcazo yobungakanani kunye nokusabalalisa ipateni yeenguqu inokufumaneka (i-unilateral okanye i-bilateral effusion, indawo, ubukhulu bobuninzi, njl.); I-Computed tomography yenza uvavanyo oluchanekileyo ngakumbi lotshintsho xa kuthelekiswa nee-x-reyi. Ngaphezu koko, i-ultrasound ingaba luncedo kwingcaciso. Ukunyuka okukhulu kwi-circumference kungasoloko kubonwa kwaye-ukuba kufuphi nodonga lwesifuba-kunokuhlatywa kuvavanyo lwe-cytological. Ukuqokelelana okuncinci kwe-effusion kunokubonwa ngokugqwesileyo kusetyenziswa i-ultrasound. Emva kwe-puncture ye-effusion, ekufuneka iqhutywe phantsi kolawulo lwe-ultrasound, i-cytological, ikhemikhali kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuhlolwa kwe-bacteriological yolwelo kwenza ukuba kuhluke ngakumbi.

Ezinye iingxaki ezingaxhaphakanga kakhulu ezikhokelela ekukhohleleni zizifo ze-interstitial lung tissue ezifana ne-pulmonary fibrosis (ingakumbi kwi-West Highland White Terriers). I-pulmonary lobe torsion, ukopha kwemiphunga, kunye ne-thromboembolism nazo zinokunxulunyaniswa nokukhohlela kunye/okanye ukuphelelwa ngumphefumlo.

Unyango lwesigulane esikhohlelayo luxhomekeke kunobangela.

Usulelo lwentsholongwane lwendlela yokuphefumla (ukhohlokhohlo lwe-kennel) luyazikhawulela ezinjeni kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo alufuni unyango ukuba akukho fever kunye nempilo enkenenkene. Ukuba izilwanyana zibonisa iimpawu zosulelo lwebhaktheriya (umkhuhlane, i-leukocytosis, ukunciphisa imeko jikelele, iimpawu ze-pneumonia kwi-X-ray), unyango kufuneka lubandakanye i-antibiotic efanelekileyo ngaphezu kwamanyathelo okuxhasa ngokubanzi afana ne-expectorants kunye ne-inhalation. Kwiimeko ezingapheliyo, ngokukodwa, ukulawulwa kwe-antibiotics kufuneka kusekelwe kwiziphumo zenkcubeko kunye neemvavanyo zokuxhathisa ezivela kwi-BAL.

Lungworms kufuneka zinyangwe nge agent efanelekileyo antiparasite evunyiweyo uhlobo. Emva kokugqitywa kwonyango, iqoqo elihlaziyiweyo leentsuku ezi-3 zokuhlolwa kwesitulo usebenzisa inkqubo yokufuduka iyanconywa njengobungqina bokuphumelela kwonyango kunye ne-prophylaxis rhoqo ukukhusela izifo ezongezelelweyo.

Kwimeko yokusuleleka kwendlela yokuphefumula, i-reflex yokukhwehlela kufuneka ixhaswe njengenkqubo ebalulekileyo yokuzihlambulula. Amayeza okuphelisa ukhohlokhohlo akufuneki anikwe, kwaye akufanelekanga nawaphi na amalungiselelo e-cortisone abe nefuthe lokuthintela ukugonywa komzimba.

Unyango kwizinja ezinemibhobho yomoya ewileyo idla ngokuba namacandelo amaninzi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, umnqweno onamandla wokukhwehlela unokunyanzeliswa okanye uncitshiswe ngokusetyenziswa kwamalungiselelo e-codeine. Ukongeza, iziyobisi ze-bronchodilator ezifana ne-theophylline, i-propentophylline, i-terbutaline, okanye i-salbutamol inhalation) inokuzisa uphuculo. Kwizilwanyana ezinobunzima obukhulu be-tracheal, i-stent (i-coil yensimbi exhasayo) ingafakwa kwi-trachea.

Unyango olukhethiweyo lwe-bronchitis engapheliyo (izinja kunye neekati) kunye ne-asthma ye-feline kukulawulwa kwamalungiselelo e-cortisone. Emva konyango lokuqala, unyango lwe-systemic cortisone kufuneka lwenziwe ithamo lisezantsi kangangoko kwaye, ukuba kuyenzeka, lutshintshelwe kwisitshizi se-cortisone (umz. i-fluticasone, i-budesonide) kwixesha elide. Amagumbi akhethekileyo okuphefumla angasetyenziselwa ukulawula isitshizi. Ukongeza, ezinye izilwanyana zinokufuna iyeza le-bronchodilator ukunciphisa iimpawu.

I-neoplasms ye-larynx kunye ne-trachea inqabile kwizinja kunye neekati, ngelixa ii-primary lung tumors aziqhelekanga. Ukususwa ngokuhlinzwa kwe-lobe ye-lung kunengqiqo kuphela ukuba akukho nanye i-lobes okanye i-lymph nodes echaphazelekayo kwaye akukho kukhutshwa kwe-thoracic effusion, ngoko kufuneka i-CT scan ihlale isenziwa ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. Unyango ngamachiza lunokunceda nangezihlandlo ezithile ze-lymphomas zoqhoqhoqho okanye imiphunga, ngakumbi kwiikati.

Apha, unyango oluthile luxhomekeke kwisifo senhliziyo esisisiseko. I-Diuretics (iipilisi zamanzi ezifana ne-furosemide, kunye ne-torasemide) ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yonyango kuzo zonke izigulane ezibonisa iimpawu zomthamo okanye i-pulmonary edema. Iziyobisi ezongezelelweyo zenhliziyo (i-ACE inhibitors, i-pimobendan, i-antiarrhythmics) isetyenziswa ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yesifo esisisiseko. Kwezinye izigulana ezinokhohlokhohlo oluqhubekayo ngexesha lonyango kunye noxinzelelo olukrokrelekayo lwe-bronchi ngenxa yentliziyo eyandisiweyo, unyango olunamalungiselelo e-codeine lunokuboniswa ukucinezela umnqweno wokukhohlela.

Kwizigulane ezine-effusion yesifuba, oku kufuneka kukhutshwe kuzo zombini iinjongo zokuxilonga kunye neyonyango. Amanyathelo onyango angaphezulu ke axhomekeke kwisizathu esifanelekileyo sokuphuma.

Kuvavanyo lweklinikhi, izinja ezinokusilela kwentliziyo zidla ngokuba nokubetha kwentliziyo okwandileyo, ngelixa izinja ezinokhohlokhohlo lokuphefumla zihlala zinesantya esiqhelekileyo okanye esicothayo sentliziyo ngenxa yokwanda kwethowuni ye-vagus nerve. Ukongezelela, izinja ezinezifo zokuphefumla zihlala zibonisa i-sinus arrhythmia (i-arrhythmia ehlobene nokuphefumula).

Kwiikati, ukukhohlela okungapheliyo kubonisa isifo se-bronchial, kwiimeko ezininzi, kukho izifo ezivuthayo ezifana ne-asthma ye-feline kunye ne-bronchitis engapheliyo. Ezi zidumba eziyinyumba ngaphandle kokubandakanyeka kwe-pathogen; ukwanda kwe-eosinophilic okanye i-neutrophilic granulocytes inokubonwa kwimizila yomoya esezantsi. I-bronchitis yebhaktiriya okanye i-parasitic inokwahlulwa kuphela ngokuphonononga iisampuli zokugungxulwa (i-bronchoalveolar lavage) kwimizila yomoya esezantsi.

Kwizilwanyana ezininzi ezineengxaki zokuphefumula ezingapheliyo, ukuphuculwa kwezinto ezihambelanayo zidlala indima enkulu. Ukunciphisa ukutyeba kunye nonyango lwezinye izifo ezongezelelweyo (izifo zentliziyo, isifo sikaCushing, izifo ze-thyroid) kunye nokutshintshwa kwintambo endaweni yekhola ezinjeni kubonisa kwiimeko ezininzi impembelelo enkulu ekuphuculeni iimpawu zokuphefumla.

Umbuzo obuzwa rhoqo

Ukhohlokhohlo lwentliziyo ezinjeni luvakala njani?

Ngaba ukhohlela ikakhulu ngokuhlwa xa ephumle? – uphawu oluphawuleka kakhulu kodwa olusoloko lungahoywa lukhohlokhohlo lwentliziyo. Inja ibonisa ukukhohlela okuphindaphindiweyo, okungxolayo okukhatshwa luhlobo oluthile lokuvala umlomo ngokungathi ifuna ukutshica into ethile.

Kuthetha ukuthini xa inja ikhohlela kwaye ikrwitsha?

Ukuba inja isoloko ikhohlela kwaye irhoxile, kufuneka ihlolwe ngugqirha wezilwanyana. Umngxuma womlomo, i-airways, kunye ne-esophagus kufuneka ihlolwe ukuchonga imizimba yangaphandle, ukuvuvukala, okanye usulelo. Ugqirha wezilwanyana umisela isixokelelwano samalungu achaphazelekayo kwaye uqalise ngoxilongo olongezelelweyo.

Ndilubona njani ukhohlokhohlo lwentliziyo ezinjeni?

Kuvavanyo lweklinikhi, ukumbombozela kwentliziyo kudla ngokuvakala kwaye ukunyuka kwentliziyo kuyaphawulwa. I-cardiac arrhythmias nayo ingenzeka. Iimpawu ezongezelelweyo ezifana nokuphefumla kancinci, ukudinwa ngokukhawuleza, ukukhefuzela kakhulu, ukusebenza kakubi, ukungafuni ukwenza umthambo, okanye ukungaphumli rhoqo.

Ngaba ukhohlokhohlo lwentliziyo luyabulala ezinjeni?

Nangona kunjalo, uninzi lwezifo zentliziyo azithethi isigwebo sokufa kwizinja ezichaphazelekayo, nje isingqisho sobomi esahluke kancinane kunye namayeza asisigxina. Ukuthandabuza ukwenza umthambo, ukukhefuzela nasemva kokuzibhokoxa kancinane, okanye ukukhohlela ngaphandle kwesizathu kunokuba luphawu lwesifo sentliziyo ezinjeni.

Ivakala njani ikati xa ikhohlela?

Ukhohlokhohlo lunemixube yolunye ulwelo (umz. ubovu, umfinya, igazi, njl. njl.) kwaye kubangela iintlungu ezibukhali okanye ezingapheliyo. Ukuphefumla nzima, ukuthimla, ukukrwitsha, ubunzima bokuginya, ukuphuma ezimpumlweni, okanye ingxolo yokuphefumla (umzekelo, ukugragrama, ukubetha umlozi, njl. njl.) zikholisa ukubakho ngaxeshanye nokukhohlela.

Uzibona njani iilungworms ezikatini?

Iimpawu zokuhlaselwa kwe-lungworm zinokuthi zingabonakali: ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, iliso, kunye nokukhutshwa kweempumlo, kunye nokuphefumula okufutshane kulula ukuphosakela kwiimpawu zezinye izifo zokuphefumla ezifana nomkhuhlane wekati okanye i-asthma.

Ngaba ukukhohlela kuyingozi kwiikati?

Xa ikati ikhwehlela, kunokubakho izizathu ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukukhohlela komhlobo onemilenze emine akunabungozi ngokupheleleyo kwaye kuyanyamalala ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, kunokwenzeka ukuba olu luphawu lwesifo esibi.

Ngaba ukhohlokhohlo lwekati luyabulala?

Kumnini wekati, kunokukhathazeka kakhulu. Emva koko, kunokubakho izizathu ezininzi zoku kwaye ayizizo zonke ezingenabungozi. Ukuba ukukhwehlela kungenzeki nje kanye, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kufuneka uhlale udibana nodokotela wezilwanyana.