Itshimpanzi

Ezi nkawu zinkulu zezona zizalamane zethu zisondeleyo kwizilwanyana. Zigqalwa njengezona zilwanyana zikrelekrele kwaye ziyasichukumisa kakhulu kuba indlela eziziphatha ngayo ifana neyethu.

iimpawu

Zikhangeleka njani iitshimpanzi?

Iichimpanzi ziyinxalenye yentsapho enkulu yemfene, kunye neegorila, ii-orangutan kunye nabantu. Zinomzimba oqhelekileyo weenkawu ezinkulu: i-trunk yi-70 ukuya kwi-94 yeesentimitha ubude. Ziphakanyiswe kwimilenze yazo yangasemva, zimalunga ne-100 ukuya kwi-170 yeesentimitha ubude. Iimazi zincinci kakhulu kunenkunzi kwaye zikhula kuphela ukuya kwi-130 yeesentimitha.

Ubunzima bamadoda nabafazi nabo buyohluka: amadoda anobunzima obuphakathi kwe-35 kunye ne-70 yeekhilogram, ngelixa iimazi zinobunzima obungama-25 ukuya kwi-50 yeekhilogram. Njengazo zonke iimfene ezinkulu, iichimpanzi azinamsila.

Iingalo, ezinde kakhulu kunemilenze, ziyafana neetshimpanzi. Baneminwe emihlanu neenzwane ezandleni nasezinyaweni. Izilwanyana zinokubeka izithupha zabo okanye iinzwane ezinkulu ezichasene neminye iminwe okanye iinzwane ukuze izandla neenyawo zilungele ukubamba kunye nokuguqula izilwanyana zibe ngabaqeqeshi bokwenyani bokukhwela. Uboya betshimpanzi buntsundu ngokuntsundu ukuya kumnyama.

Ubuso abunaboya kwaye bulula kwizilwanyana ezincinci, zimnyama kwizilwanyana ezindala. Iintende zezandla, iintende zeenyawo, umphezulu weminwe neenzwane, kunye nommandla ojikeleze i-anus nazo azinaboya. Impumlo ethe kratya kunye namaqhuma aphezu kwamehlo enza ezi zilwanyana zibe yinkangeleko. Iichimpanzi zinamazinyo anamandla - ii-canines zamadoda zinomdla kakhulu kwaye zinokuba zizixhobo eziyingozi.

Zihlala phi iimfene?

Iichimpanzi zifumaneka kuphela kwintshona nakumbindi weAfrika. Apho zifumaneka eSenegal, eNigeria, emantla nasempuma yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo kwakunye naseUganda naseTanzania. I-bonobo ehlobene ngokusondeleyo, kwelinye icala, inokufumaneka kuphela kwimimandla ethile yeDemocratic Republic of the Congo.

Ngokungafaniyo neegorila nee<em>orangutan, ii<em>chimpanzi zihlala kwiindawo zokuhlala ezahluke kakhulu: Zihlala kwihlathi elinemvula, kodwa nakwisavannah, apho kukhula imithi embalwa kuphela. IiBonobos, kwelinye icala, zifumaneka kuphela kumahlathi ashinyeneyo.

Zeziphi iindidi zeetshimpanzi ezikhoyo?

Abaphandi bohlula iichimpanzi zibe ziintlobo ezine ezifumaneka kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yaseAfrika. Intsapho yeetshimpanzi ikwaquka ibonobo ( Pan paniscus ), eethe-ethe ngakumbi kunetshimpanzi eqhelekileyo.

Ingaba iitshimpanzi ziba neminyaka emingaphi?

Endle, iimfene ziphila iminyaka engama-30 ukuya kwengama-40 ubudala. Ekuthinjweni, banokuphila ukuya kutsho kwiminyaka engama-50.

Ziphathe

Ziphila njani iimfene?

Abantu kunye neetshimpanzi zinokhokho omnye, kwaye ama-99 ekhulwini enkcazelo yazo yemfuza iyafana nemizila yethu yemfuza. Yiyo loo nto beqhelene nathi. Ngokukodwa, umsebenzi wesazinzulu esidumileyo sokuziphatha uJane Goodall usibonisile indlela efana ngayo indlela yokuziphatha kweetshimpanzi kunye nabantu. Iichimpanzi zigqalwa njengezona zilwanyana zikrelekrele. Ukongeza kwindlela eyahlukileyo yokuziphatha ekuhlaleni, badume ngokusebenzisa izixhobo: basebenzisa amatye namaqhekeza omthi njengehamile, benze iintonga kumasebe abawaxhoma ngawo ukuze batye, okanye basebenzisa amagqabi ahlafunwayo njengezipontshi.

Izilwanyana ezincinci zifunda ukusebenzisa izixhobo ngokukopa abantu abadala. Izilwanyana ezindala nazo zifunda enye kwenye ngokubukela. Nangona iichimpanzi zingakwazi ukuthetha ngenxa yokuba umphimbo wazo awudalelwanga wona, xa zivalelwe ziye zaqeqeshelwa ukusebenzisa intetho yezandla, eluncedo kakhulu ekunxibelelaneni nabagcini bazo.

Iimfene ziyasebenza emini. Zihlala emhlabeni nasemithini, apho zijinga ngobuchule ukusuka kwelinye isebe ukuya kwelinye. Xa zihamba phantsi, zizixhasa ngamaqupha ezandla zazo. Ebusuku zilala emithini kwiindlwane ezenziwe ngamagqabi namasetyana.

Iichimpanzi ziyathandeka kakhulu. Bahlala kwiintsapho ezifikelela kwi-60 yezilwanyana, zohlulwe ngokwamaqela amancinci amancinci. Ukuqulunqwa kwala macandelwana kunokutshintsha kwakhona kwaye kwakhona. Oku kuthetha ukuba izilwanyana zihlala zidibana ukuze zenze amaqela amancinane amatsha. Inkokeli idla ngokuba yindoda. Iimfene zidla ngokubonwa zilungisana. Oku kuziphatha kubaluleke kakhulu: kubonisa izilwanyana ukuba zihlangene kwaye ziyathandana. Ukongeza, ukuzilungisa kukwabonakalisa ubuqhetseba: izilwanyana ezikwinqanaba elisezantsi zihlala zinyamekela uboya bezilwanyana ezikwinqanaba eliphezulu.

Nangona kunjalo, iichimpanzi zinokuba ndlongondlongo kakhulu: Imilo enzima inokwenzeka, ngakumbi phakathi kwamaqela aquka kuphela amadoda aselula. Kwaye kwaziwa ukuba maxa wambi iichimpanzee zidla inyama yeenkawu ezincinane okanye zide zibulale inzala yezinye iimfene.

Izihlobo kunye neentshaba zetshimpanzi

Ecaleni kwamarhamncwa, abantu balolona tshaba lukhulu lwechimpanzi. Izilwanyana zazizingelwa zize zibanjiswe. Oku akuvumelekanga namhlanje, kodwa ngenxa yokuba abantu betshabalalisa kwaye baqhubela phambili indawo yokuhlala yezilwanyana, bafumana indawo encinci yokuhlala.