UMary Allen
Njengabantu, iikati zinokothuka. Le yimeko enokubeka ubomi esichengeni! Apha unokufumanisa indlela yokuqonda ukothuka kwiikati kunye nokuba wenze ntoni ngako.
Yintoni ukothuka
Igama elithi “umothuko” lithetha ukungabikho kweoksijini kwiiseli. Oku kwenzeka ngenxa yokungonelanga kwegazi. Nangona kukho oonobangela abahlukahlukeneyo besiganeko esothusayo, ezi zisoloko zikhokelela ekumpompeni okusezantsi kwentliziyo kuze ngaloo ndlela kuphazamiseke ekujikelezeni kwegazi. Akukhona nje ukuba i-oksijeni encinci ihanjiswe kwizitho, kodwa kunye nezondlo ezincinci zingena kwaye ukukhutshwa kwee-toxins kuyaphazamiseka.
Umothuko ke ngoko unokwahlulwa umz. B. ukunqongophala kweoksijini ethatha emiphungeni, i-anemia (i-anemia), okanye ukuphazamiseka kokuphefumla kweseli z. B. ngokutyhefa. Ezi zizathu zikhokelela ekunqongopheni kwe-oksijini kwiithishu, kodwa kungekhona ukothuka kwiikati.
Imeko yokungakhululeki ngokwasengqondweni idla ngokubizwa ngokuba kukothuka kwiikati. Umzekelo emva kweengozi ezingenabungozi okanye ukothuka. Noko ke, oku akunakuthelekiswa neenkqubo zomzimba ezibandakanyekileyo ekothukeni, ezinokukhawuleza zibe yingozi ebomini.
Xa ikati isengozini yokothuka?
Kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomothuko kwiikati kuquka nezinto ezizibangelayo:
- Ukuncipha koMqulu (Hypovolemic): Ibangelwa kukuncipha komthamo wegazi/ulwelo, umzekelo B. ukopha, urhudo, ukungasebenzi kwezintso.
- Ukuvaleka (okuthintela): Ngenxa yokuvaleka kwemithambo emikhulu, umz. B. Iintshulube zentliziyo okanye i-thrombi (igazi elijiyileyo), akukho gazi laneleyo elibuyela entliziyweni – ikati iyothuka.
- I-nerve-related (i-distributive / neurogenic): Ukuphazamiseka kwinkqubo ye-nervous autonomic kukhokelela kwi-vasodilatation. Ngenxa yoko, indawo ekhoyo egazini ngokukhawuleza inkulu kakhulu. “Iyatshona” kweyona mithambo yegazi igqwesileyo, ii<em>capillaries. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba uhlupheka ngenxa yokungabikho kwevolumu. Isiphumo siyafana nezinye iintlobo zomothuko, igazi elincinci kakhulu limpompoza lisiya entliziyweni, kwaye amandla okumpompa ayehla. Ukutshatyalaliswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-neurogenic kwiikati kubangelwa yi-allergies, i-blood poisoning (i-sepsis), okanye i-trauma.
- I-Heart-related (i-cardiogenic): Ngokungafani nezinye iintlobo zokutshatyalaliswa, ukutshitshiswa kwe-cardiogenic kwiikati akubonakali ngokungabikho komthamo, kodwa kubangelwa ukukhutshwa kwentliziyo ephantsi. Oku kunokubangelwa sisifo sentliziyo okanye ngexesha lokudumba okanye ityhefu. Intliziyo ke impompa igazi elitsha elincinane kakhulu emzimbeni.
Ezi ndlela zokothuka zinokuthi zenzeke kunye.
Kwenzeka ntoni kumzimba wekati ngexesha lokothuka?
Umzimba uhlala usabela ngendlela efanayo xa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwi-artery enkulu yehla: ivuselela inxalenye yenkqubo ye-nervous autonomic ejongene noxinzelelo kunye nemodi yokulwa. Izinto zayo zomthunywa zonyusa ukukhutshwa kwentliziyo kwaye zibangela ukuba imithambo ifane ukuze inyuse uxinzelelo lwegazi. Ukuba oku akwanele, umphumo uphinde usasazeke kwi-arteries.
Le yokugqibela ngakumbi ibangela ukuhamba kwegazi okuncinci ukuya kwamanye amalungu ngokuthanda intliziyo, ingqondo, kunye nemiphunga, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-centralization. Ekuqaleni, oku kuchaphazela kakhulu ulusu kunye nezihlunu, kwaye kamva z. B. Kwakhona isibindi kunye nezintso zineoksijini encinane kakhulu. Ukuba ayiphathwanga, le meko iya kubangela ukungaphumeleli kwamalungu kunye nokufa kwekati.
Esinye isiphumo kukuxutywa kolwelo olusuka kwiindawo ze-intercellular ukuya kwimithambo yegazi. Izintso zikwagcina amanzi amaninzi. Zombini zonyusa uxinzelelo lwegazi.
Ukunqongophala kobonelelo lweoksijini kwenza amandla e-metabolism kwiiseli angasebenzi kakhulu. Iimveliso zenkunkuma zenziwe ezingenakususwa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukothuka kwiikati: iimpawu
Ukuqala komothuko kwiikati kuhlala kungahoywa. Ibonakaliswa ngobomvu obubomvu be-mucous kunye nokunyuka kwentliziyo, ngaphandle koko, isilwanyana sivukile kwaye siphendule kwaye sibonisa ukushisa komzimba okuqhelekileyo.
Xa umzimba wekati ungasakwazi ukuhlawulela ukothuka, ukubonakala kuyatshintsha: i-mucous membranes iyancipha ngokubonakalayo, iindlebe ziziva zibanda, kwaye izilwanyana zingenamdla kwaye zichama kancinci okanye azisekho. Ubushushu bomzimba obuphantsi kakhulu budla ngokulinganiswa apha.
Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, ukothuka kwiikati ngokuqhelekileyo akunakunyangwa: Yonke imithambo yegazi iyanwenwa, i-mucous membranes iba ngwevu-violet, kwaye ukubetha kwentliziyo kuyehla. Ekugqibeleni, ukuphefumula kunye nokubanjwa kwentliziyo kwenzeka.
Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ngexesha lokothuka ziquka:
- iingxaki zokuphefumla
- imifinya ephaphathekileyo (umz. iintsini)
- ukungazi
- Ubuthathaka, ukuxhuzula, ukuwa
- iindlebe ezibandayo kunye namathupha
- ukopha kwangaphandle
- i-punctiform hemorrhages eluswini
- Vomit
- Uhudo
- isisu esidumbileyo
Ikati yam yothuka, ndenze ntoni?
Ngaba ikati yakho yothukile? Ngaba uqwalasela ezinye okanye zonke ezi mpawu zingasentla? Ikati yakho yothukile emva kokuwa, umz. B. ingozi yemoto okanye ingozi ekhayeni? Mse kugqirha wezilwanyana ngokukhawuleza! Isenzo esikhawulezileyo sisindisa ubomi apha.
Nokuba uyazi ukuba inzipho yakho yevelvet itye into enetyhefu, yise kugqirha wezilwanyana ngoko nangoko. Umothuko unokulibaziseka, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukunyangwa kwesilwanyana, amathuba okuba siphile makhulu.
Ukothuka kwekati: Uncedo lokuqala
- Yazisa ugqirha wakho wezilwanyana ngokukhawuleza kwaye uxele ukuza kwakho. Basenokukuthumela ngokuthe ngqo kwiklinikhi yonyango lwezilwanyana ekufutshane emsebenzini. Kwaye unokukunika iingcebiso kwimilinganiselo yoncedo lokuqala oluyimfuneko.
- Thumela ikati yakho kugqirha wezilwanyana ebhijelwe ngetawuli okanye ngengubo ukuzinzisa ubushushu bomzimba.
- Musa ukuzifudumeza ukongezelela, umzekelo ngebhotile yamanzi ashushu. Oku kungenza ukuba iimpawu zibe mandundu.
- Misa ikati yakho ngasemva iphakame kancinci. Qinisekisa ukuba umgudu wokuphefumla ukhululekile kwaye nakuphi na ukugabha kunokukhupha ngokukhuselekileyo ukuze ikati ingakwazi ukufuthanisela (intamo yolule).
Ukuba kuyimfuneko, gquma amanxeba ophayo amakhulu ngamalaphu acocekileyo afumileyo. Ukuba bopha kakhulu kwaye uyakwazi, faka ibhandeji eliqinileyo ngeenxa zonke kubo.
Ukunyanga ukothuka kwiikati
Ukuba ikati yakho yothukile, injongo yokuqala kagqirha wezilwanyana kukuqala ayizinzise ngemilinganiselo yongxamiseko emva koko aqalise olunye uxilongo. Le yokugqibela ingakumbi xa unobangela womothuko awukaziwa.
Okokuqala, ugqirha wezilwanyana wenza unyango olungxamisekileyo:
- Ioksijini inikwa ngemaski okanye ngombhobho ocolekileyo ukwandisa umthamo weoksijini womoya ophefumlayo.
- Kwimeko yokopha okukhulu, utofelo-gazi luyimfuneko kuba kungenjalo, igazi alinako ukuthutha ioksijini enikiweyo kwaphela.
- Ngaphandle komothuko we-cardiogenic, zonke iikati ezothukileyo zinikwa ulwelo lwe-IV ukuhlawulela ukulahleka komthamo kunye nokunqanda ukothuka kukuqhubela phambili. Ngenxa yale njongo, i-cannula ehlala ngaphakathi (inaliti ecocekileyo ehlala kwi-vein ixesha elide) igxininiswe kwisitya segazi ukuze ikwazi ukulawula ngokusisigxina inani elikhulu lolwelo.
- Ukopha okubonakalayo kuyekwa ngamabhandeji oxinzelelo. Ukuthunga okanye olunye ukhathalelo lwenxeba lwenziwa kuphela emva kokuba ukujikeleza kuzinzile.
- Ngenxa yokuba iintlungu ezibuhlungu zinokunyusa kwaye ziguqule iimpawu zomothuko, iikati ezothukileyo zifumana unyango olukhawulezileyo lweentlungu.
Ngaphezu koko, isilwanyana siyafudumala xa kuyimfuneko. Amayeza anokuxhasa umsebenzi wentliziyo kwaye akhuthaze ukuthotywa kwemithambo yegazi ukuba ulwelo olwaneleyo lukhona ngexesha elinye.
Kwimeko nayiphi na into, ugqirha wezilwanyana uya kuqhuba uvavanyo lwegazi ukuze akwazi ukuvavanya imeko yekati kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuchonga imbangela yokutshatyalaliswa. Kuxhomekeke kwingxaki ekurhaneleka ngayo, iECG, iultrasound, okanye iX-reyi nazo ziluncedo.
Umothuko ujongwa ngokusondeleyo kwiikati ukuze unyango lunokulungiswa nangaliphi na ixesha. Ezi ziquka, ngaphezu kwazo zonke, iiparamitha zokujikeleza ezifana nesantya sentliziyo, umbala we-mucous membrane, kunye ne-pulse. Ukuveliswa komchamo kwakhona kuyisalathisi esibalulekileyo. Injongo kukubuyisela ukujikeleza okunempilo kunye nomsebenzi wentliziyo ozinzile. Akunakwenzeka ukutsho ngokubanzi ukuba oku kuya kuthatha ixesha elingakanani. Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezibangela ukothuka nokuba amalungu sele wonakalisiwe. Ikati iphathwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani ukothuka nayo inefuthe ekubuyiseni.
Ukothuka kwiikati: isiphelo
Ikati eyothukileyo sisigulana esingxamisekileyo kwaye kufuneka sinyangwe ngokukhawuleza. Ngokukhawuleza, angcono amathuba okuba achache. Ugxininiso kukuzinziswa kobomi benkqubo yokujikeleza kwegazi, emva koko izizathu zifunwa kwaye, ukuba kunokwenzeka, zipheliswe.