Ikamela

Iikamela zilungelelaniswe ngokugqibeleleyo kubomi basentlango. Ziquka iidromedary ezine-humped enye ezisuka kuMntla Afrika kunye neArabia, kunye neenkamela zeBactrian ezineziqhuma ezimbini ezivela eAsia.

iimpawu

Zikhangeleka njani iinkamela?

I-Dromedaries kunye neenkamela zeBactrian zivela kwintsapho yeenkamela kwaye zivela kwintsapho ebizwa ngokuba yi-callous-soled. Eli qela lezilwanyana lathiywa ngolo hlobo ngenxa yokuba intende yeenyawo inamanxeba ashinyeneyo. Azinazo iimpuphu, zincinci kakhulu, izinto ezifana nezipho ezikhusela imiphetho yeenyawo zazo. I-calluses ezinyaweni zabo iqinisekisa ukuba ubunzima bezilwanyana busasazwa phezu kwentlabathi ekhululekile kwaye ayiziki.

Iinkamela zineempondo ezingqindilili kwi-sternum, ingqiniba, izithende, nasemadolweni. Iinkamela zizilwanyana ezomeleleyo: Ziziimitha ezi-2.3 ukuya kwezi-2.5 ukuphakama emagxeni. Zilinganisa phakathi kwe-2.2 kunye ne-3.4 yeemitha ukusuka empumlweni ukuya ezantsi. Umsila ungama-50 ukuya kuma-70 eesentimitha ubude kwaye ubunzima buphakathi kwama-450 kunye nama-650 eekhilogram. Iinkamela zeBactrian zihlala zinzima kancinci kunedromedaries.

Okuqhelekileyo yimilenze emide, intamo ende igobe ezantsi, kunye ne-humps: i-dromedaries ine-hump enye, iinkamela zeBactrian zine-humps ezimbini. Zombini ezi ndidi zinedyasi eshinyeneyo yeenwele eziphotheneyo, ezinoboya. Inokuthi ibe yimibala eyahlukeneyo ye-beige kunye ne-brown, kodwa ibuye ibe mhlophe okanye ibe mnyama.

Ngenxa yokuba iinkamela zaseBactrian zihlala kwindawo ebanda kakhulu ebusika, ngeli xesha lonyaka ziba nedyasi engqindilili nende. Xa kushushu kwakhona entlakohlaza, obu boya basebusika buphuma bube ziziqwenga ezikhulu, ukuze izilwanyana zibonakale zibhidekile ngokwenene. Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lukwasisantya: izilwanyana zihamba ngasekunene okanye ngasekhohlo ngaphambili kunye nomlenze wangasemva ubheke phambili ngaxeshanye. Umlebe ongasentla wenkamela wacandeka, iimpumlo zicandekile. Ziyakwazi ukuvalwa kwaye ngaloo ndlela zikhuselwe kwisanti.

Intsapho yeenkamela yavela kuMntla Merika malunga ne-40 ukuya kwi-50 yezigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Malunga nezigidi ezibini zeminyaka eyadlulayo bafuduka banqumla iBering Strait besiya kwiLizwe eliDala, oko kukuthi, ukuya eAsia naseAfrika. Azisekho kuMntla Merika. Iillama zeza eMzantsi Melika ngexesha le-Ice Age kwaye ziye zasinda apho.

Zihlala phi iinkamela?

Iidromedaries zifumaneka kuphela eArabia nakuMntla Afrika. Apho zifumaneka ikakhulu kumda weentlango ezifana neSahara. I-Dromedaries yaziswa e-Australia kwaye iye yahlala kakuhle. Abanye babo baye bahamba endle.

Iikamela zeBactrian - ezikwabizwa ngokuba ziinkamela zeBactrian - zihlala kuMbindi weAsia. Apho basuka eKazakhstan benqumla eMongolia ukuya emantla eTshayina yaye bagcinwa njengamarhamncwa. Iidromedary zasendle azisekho namhlanje, kwaye iinkamela zeBactrian zasendle zinqabile kakhulu: kuphela malunga ne-950 kubo kufuneka bahlale kwiNtlango yaseTaklamakan, kwiPhondo laseChina laseXinjiang, kunye nenxalenye yaseMongolia yeNtlango yeGobi.

Indawo yokuhlala yeedromedaries kwiintlango ezishushu kunye neentlango eziseMntla Afrika naseArabia. Aziyinyamezeli imozulu efumileyo. Iinkamela zeBactrian nazo ziqhelanise nobomi basentlango. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka bamelane nokuguquguquka okukhulu kwamaqondo obushushu kuneedromedary: Kwiintlango zoMbindi we-Asiya, inokuba shushu kangange-40° ngokukaCelsius ehlotyeni kwaye ibanda njenge -30° ngokukaCelsius ebusika.

Zeziphi iindidi zeenkamela ezikhoyo?

Iinkamela ezimbini zeHlabathi eliDala - idromedary ene-humped kunye nenkamela ye-Bactrian ene-humped-two-zihlobene kakhulu kangangokuba ziyakwazi ukuzala kunye. I-crossbreeds phakathi kweedromedaries kunye neenkamela zeBactrian zibizwa ngokuba yi-talus okanye iibhakethi: zinokuba ne-hump emide okanye encinci.

Iinkamela zeBactrian zasendle zase-Asia Ephakathi zichazwe ngabaphandi njengeentlobo ezahlukeneyo, ezizezi "inkamela zamanzi etyuwa", kuba ezi zilwanyana zinokusela amanzi anetyuwa kwaye zinyamezele kakuhle. Iinkamela zeHlabathi Elitsha kuMzantsi Merika ziquka iillama, iiguanacos, iialpacas kunye neevicuna. Zonke zincinci kuneenkamela ze-Bactrian kunye needromedaries, azinayo i-humps, kwaye azinayo i-pads eqinile ezinyaweni zazo.

Zineminyaka emingaphi iinkamela?

Iinkamela zinokuphila iminyaka engama-40 ukuya kwengama-50.

Ziphathe

Ziphila njani iinkamela?

Ngokuchasene neenkolelo ezithandwayo, iinkamela azigcini amanzi kwii-humps zazo, kodwa ukuya kwiikhilogram ezingama-200 zamanqatha kunye nezicubu ezixhunyiwe. Amafutha anokuguqulwa abe ngamanzi kwinkqubo ye-metabolic enzima ngoncedo lwe-oksijini - ngoko basebenza ngokungathanga ngqo njengendawo yokugcina amanzi. Kwimozulu epholileyo naxa zisitya ukutya okunencasa, okunamanzi amaninzi, iinkamela zinokuhamba iiveki ngaphandle kwamanzi ongezelelweyo. Ukongezelela, i-hump ikhusela umzimba elangeni ngokufunxa ubushushu.

I-metabolism yeekamela iphinde ilungelelanise ngokupheleleyo ukugcina amanzi: izintso zikhupha amanzi amaninzi kumchamo ukuze umzimba ungalahlekelwa. Ilindle likwanawo amanzi. Ubushushu bomzimba weenkamela buyehla kakhulu ebusuku. Emini, umzimba ufudumala kancinci kakhulu.

Baqala ukubila kuphela xa ubushushu bomzimba wabo bufikelela kuma-41° ngokukaCelsius. Ngoko abafane baphulukane nalo naluphi na ulwelo. Ebudeni bembalela, iinkamela zinokuphulukana nama-27 ekhulwini kubunzima bomzimba wazo ngaphandle kokuba zife lunxano. Ukuba bafumana amanzi kwakhona, basela iilitha ezili-100 ukuya kwezili-150 ngexesha. Oku kunokwenzeka ngenxa yokuba azinazo iiseli zegazi ezingqukuva kodwa ezimbhoxo:

Ke ngoko, banokusela kakhulu ngexesha elifutshane ngaphandle kokugqithisa umzimba. Neenkamela zifuyelwa uboya, inyama, amafutha nobisi. Banika iilitha ezisibhozo ukuya kwezilishumi zobisi ngosuku. Iinkamela zobisi ezifuywe ngokukodwa zide zifikelele kwiilitha ezingama-20. Impahla kunye neengubo zenziwe ngoboya obude beenkamela zaseBactrian. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ubulongwe benkamela busetyenziswa njengesichumiso kunye nokubasa.

Abahlobo neentshaba zenkamela

Uninzi lweedromedaries kunye neenkamela zeBactrian zihlala njengezilwanyana zasekhaya. Ngokuqhelekileyo abanazo iintshaba. Iinkamela zeBactrian ezihlala endle nazo zineentshaba ezimbalwa, kodwa zizingelwa ngabantu, nangona oku kwalelwe ngokungqongqo.

Zizala njani iinkamela?

Ixesha lokukhwelana kweedromedaries liphakathi kukaJanuwari noMatshi, kwiinkamela zeBactrian phakathi kukaFebruwari noAprili. Amahashe anokuba ndlongondlongo ngeli xesha. Ziyalwa zodwa yaye maxa wambi zide zihlasele nabantu. Igwebu elincangathi elijinga emlonyeni wabo kwaye libhabha emoyeni xa iintloko zabo zishukuma ngamandla ziqhelekile ngeli xesha. Iinkamela zikhwelana ngoxa zilele. Ixesha lokumitha lide: kwimeko yeedromedaries, imazi iphuma emhlambini ixesha elifutshane emva kweenyanga ezilishumi elinesibini emva kokukhwelana, kwaye izale intshontsho. Ixesha lokumitha kweenkamela zeBactrian linokuhlala ukuya kwiinyanga ezili-14.

Inkonyane inobunzima obumalunga neekhilogram ezingama-30 ukuya kwezingama-50. Kungekudala emva kokuzalwa, inokuma ngemilenze yayo emincinci ize ilandele unina. Zombini emva koko zibuyela emhlambini. Amantshontsho ancanca unyaka omnye ukuya komnye onesiqingatha kodwa kungekudala aqalisa ukufunxa iingcango ezomileyo. Emva kweenyanga ezimbini, isitya izityalo rhoqo. Izilwanyana zikhula ngokwesondo kwiminyaka emithathu ukuya kwemine ubudala. Iimazi zizala umntwana malunga rhoqo kwiminyaka emibini.

Iinkamela zazinxibelelana njani?

Iinkamela eziselula zinokukhala zize zincwine ngokulusizi xa zikhangela unina. Iinkamela zinento ebizwa ngokuba yingxokozelo emqaleni. Ngaye, izilwanyana zamadoda, ngokukodwa, zingenza ukukhala okukhulu ngexesha lexesha lokukhwelana.

Care

Zitya ntoni iinkamela?

Iikamela zizilwanyana ezingafunekiyo kakhulu, zinokuphila ixesha elide ngokutya okuncinci okanye nokuba akukho nto. Zizilwanyana ezitya utyani. Ukutya kwabo kuqulethe ingca eyomeleleyo, kwaye abawabalekeli amasebe anameva eentlobo ezininzi zomthi womnga. Bade batye nezityalo ezinetyuwa.

Ukulima iinkamela

Iidromedaries zigcinwa njengezilwanyana zasefama eMntla Afrika naseArabia. Kuphela ngoncedo lwabo abantu babeza kuhlala kwiintlango zaseMntla Afrika. Namhlanje sigcina iidromedary njengeentaba. Iikamela zeBactrian zisasetyenziswa nanamhlanje njengezilwanyana zokuthutha kunye nokupakisha kuMbindi Asia.