UMary Allen
Iintaka zizilwanyana ezinethambo lomqolo, njengezilwanyana ezanyisayo, iintlanzi, izirhubuluzi kunye nezilwanyana ezihlala emanzini. Iintaka zinemilenze emibini neengalo ezimbini, ezingamaphiko. Endaweni yoboya, iintaka zineentsiba. Iintsiba zenziwe ngekeratin. Ezinye izilwanyana zisebenzisa le nto ukwenza iimpondo, iinzipho okanye iinwele. Kubantu, ziinwele zabo kunye neminwe.
Iintaka ezininzi zinokubhabha ngenxa yamaphiko kunye neentsiba zazo. Ezinye, kwelinye icala, zinokubaleka ngokukhawuleza, njengenciniba yaseAfrika. Ikwayeyona ntaka inkulu kwakha kwakho. Oonombombiya ziintaka ezingakwaziyo ukubhabha, kodwa bayakwazi ukudada kakhulu.
Intaka nayo inomlomo ongenamazinyo. Noko ke, ezinye iintaka zineentambo emilonyeni yazo, ezithi zibambe into efana namazinyo. Iintaka ezincinci ezintsha azizalwa, kodwa ziqandusela emaqandeni. Iintaka zeemazi zihlala zibeka amaqanda anjalo kwindlwane eyakhelwe yona, okanye phantsi, umzekelo. Iintaka ezininzi zifukamela amaqanda azo. Oku kuthetha ukuba bahlala phezu kwamaqanda ukuwagcina eshushu kwaye awakhusele de amancinane aqandusele.
Ngaphandle koko, iintaka zinokuhluka kakhulu. Abanye bahlala kwintlango eyomileyo, abanye kwiArctic okanye eAntarctic. Abanye batya inyama, abanye iinkozo. Inkunzi yenyosi yeyona ntaka incinci, yingcungcu. Eyona ntaka inkulu inokubhabha yinkori bustard yaseAfrika.
Iintaka zehla kwiidinosaur. Nangona kunjalo, isayensi ayikavumelani malunga nendlela oku kusebenza ngayo. Ezona zalamane zisondeleyo kwiintaka ziingwenya.
Nantsi isishwankathelo samanqaku e Klexikon malunga neentaka.
Kunjani ukutyiswa kweentaka?
Iintaka zinesisu kunye namathumbu. Ukwetyisa ke ngoko kufana kakhulu nokwezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Ezinye iintlobo zeentaka zitya amatye. Zihlala esiswini kwaye zincede ukutyumza ukutya. Le yindlela inkukhu eyenza ngayo, umzekelo.
Kukho umahluko kumchamo, okwabizwa ngokuba ngumchamo. Iintaka zinezintso njengezilwanyana ezanyisayo, kodwa azinaso isinyi. Kananjalo abanalo indawo yokuphuma emzimbeni ekhethekileyo yokuchama. Umchamo ophuma kwizintso uqukuqela kwi-ureters ukuya emathunjini. Apho ixutywa nelindle. Yiyo loo nto indle yeentaka idla ngokukhohlakele.
Indawo ephuma kuyo iintaka ibizwa ngokuba yi-cloaca. Imazi ikwazalela amaqanda ngentunja enye. Amadlozi endoda nawo aqukuqela kulo mngxuma omnye.
Zizala njani iintaka?
Iintaka ezininzi zinamaxesha athile afuna ukuzala ngazo. Oku kuxhomekeke kwixesha lonyaka kwaye kunokwenzeka kanye okanye amaxesha amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, ezinye iintaka zizimele kule nto, umzekelo, inkukhu yethu yasekhaya. Iyakwazi ukubeka amaqanda unyaka wonke.
Xa imazi ilungele ukukhwela, ima ngxi ize inyuse umsila wayo. Inkunzi ke ihleli emqolo wemazi ize ihlikihle ingubo yayo kweyemazi. Emva koko amadlozi akhe angena emzimbeni webhinqa aze aqhamise amaqanda.
Idlozi lendoda linokuhlala ixesha elide kumzimba wemazi kwaye ngokuphindaphindiweyo liqhamisa amaqanda apho. Amaqanda entaka afumana iqokobhe eliqinileyo. Iintaka ezininzi zizalela amaqanda amaninzi kwindlwane enye. Ngamanye amaxesha imazi yentaka ifukamela amaqanda, maxa wambi iba yintaka, okanye zombini ngokutshintshana.
Intshontsho likhulisa izinyo leqanda emlonyeni walo. Ngumphakamo obukhali lowo. Ngale nto, intshontsho lityhala imingxuma kwiqokobhe leqanda ngokulandelelanayo. Yathi yakuba iwavule amaphiko ayo, iwatyhutyha ezo ziqingatha zimbini zeqokobhe.
Kukho iintaka ezincinci ezishiya indlwane ngokukhawuleza. Babizwa ngokuba yi-precocial. Bazifunela ukutya kwasekuqaleni. Oku kubandakanya, umzekelo, inkukhu yethu yasekhaya. Amanye amantshontsho ahlala kwindlwane, ezi zizitulo zendlwane. Abazali kufuneka bondle bade babhabhe baphume, oko kukuthi i-fledge.
Yintoni enye ezifana ngayo iintaka?
Iintaka zinentliziyo efanayo neyezilwanyana ezanyisayo. Inamagumbi amane. Kwelinye icala, ukujikeleza kwegazi kabini kukhokelela emiphungeni ukuba ithathe ioksijini entsha kwaye ikhuphe icarbon dioxide. Kwelinye icala, umjikelo ukhokelela kuwo wonke umzimba. Igazi lithwala ioksijini kunye nokutya kuwo wonke umzimba kwaye lithatha inkunkuma kunye nayo.
Intliziyo yeentaka ibetha ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kuneyabantu. Intliziyo yenciniba ibetha ngokukhawuleza kathathu, endlwini ungqatyana malunga neshumi elinesihlanu ngokukhawuleza, kwaye kwezinye iingcungcu ziphindwe kamashumi amabini kunakwethu.
Umzimba weentaka ezininzi uhlala ubushushu obufanayo, bungama-42 degrees Celsius. Zintlanu izidanga ngaphezu kwezi zethu. Zimbalwa kakhulu iindidi zeentaka eziphola kancinci ebusuku, i-tit enkulu ngokomzekelo ngeedigri ezimalunga neshumi.
Ezi ntaka azinawo umngxuma onemiphimbo. Kodwa banento efanayo, oko kukuthi intloko elungelelanisiweyo ukubumba izandi zabo.
Iintaka ezininzi zinedlala elikhethekileyo elibizwa ngokuba yipreen gland. Oku kubavumela ukuba bakhuphe amafutha. Ziyagquma ngayo iintsiba zazo ukuze zikhuseleke kakuhle emanzini. I-preen gland isekupheleni komqolo apho umsila uqala khona.