UMary Allen
Nangona zizibhere ezomeleleyo, zijongeka zigonane: Ngeendlebe zazo ezincangathi, uboya obungqingqwa, kunye nokumila okutyebileyo, iibhere zepanda zisikhumbuza ngeentaka ezinkulu.
iimpawu
Zikhangeleka njani iipanda ezinkulu?
I-panda enkulu, ekwaziwa nje ngokuba yibhere, yeyosapho lwebhere kwaye, ke ngoko, isilwanyana esizingelayo. Izilwanyana ezindala zine-120 ukuya kwi-150 yeesentimitha ubude kwaye zinobunzima obuphakathi kwe-75 kunye ne-160 yeekhilogram. Njengeebhere, umsila yi-intshi nje ye-intshi ezintlanu.
IiPanda zinemilo eqhelekileyo yebhere, kodwa zivela kancinci kunezihlobo zazo. Nangona kunjalo, uboya bazo obunoboya bunemibala eyahlukileyo kunezinye iibhere kwaye zineempawu ezimangalisayo: umzimba umhlophe, iindlebe, imilenze yangasemva, imilenze yangaphambili kunye nebhanti ebaleka ukusuka esifubeni ukuya emagxeni amnyama. Indawo ejikeleze amehlo kunye nencam yomsila nayo inemibala emnyama. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, iindawo ezimhlophe zoboya ziba tyheli.
Ubume bentloko bubuye bucace: intloko yayo ibanzi kakhulu kunezinye iibhere. Oku kungenxa yokakayi olubanzi ngenxa yezihlunu ezomeleleyo zokufukama. Into ebaluleke kakhulu yinto ebizwa ngokuba yi-pseudo-thumb: Ihlala njengomnwe wesithandathu kwisandla ngasinye kwaye iqulethe ithambo elongeziweyo lesihlahla. Amazinyo azo nawo akaqhelekanga: iipanda zinamazinyo amakhulu okusila kuzo zonke izilwanyana ezizingelayo – ukuziqhelanisa nokutya kwazo.
Zihlala phi iipanda ezinkulu?
Iibhere zePanda zazixhaphake kakhulu, zifumaneka ukusuka eBurma ukuya empuma yeTshayina naseVietnam. Namhlanje, i-panda enkulu ihlala kuphela kwindawo encinci kakhulu emalunga neekhilomitha ezingama-6000 entshona China. Imozulu yalapho ipholile ngokwentelekiso ehlotyeni yaye kubanda ebusika, yaye kubanda kakhulu unyaka wonke. I-panda enkulu ihlala kwiintaba ezisezantsi kwelizwe layo. Amahlathi ashinyeneyo ayachuma apha, apho ubukhulu becala i-bamboo, ukutya abakuthandayo, ikhula khona. Ehlotyeni, izilwanyana zihlala kwindawo ephakamileyo ye-2700 ukuya kwi-4000 yeemitha, ebusika zifudukela kwimimandla ephantsi kwi-800 yeemitha.
Ziba neminyaka emingaphi iipanda ezinkulu?
Zingaphi iipanda ezinkulu ezinokungena kwindalo akwaziwa ncam. I-panda enkulu yajika iminyaka engama-34 kwiZoo yaseSan Diego.
Ziphathe
Ziphila njani iipanda ezinkulu?
Nangona izilwanyana zinkulu kakhulu, zafunyanwa emva kwexesha ngabaphandi baseYurophu. Umkhondo wabantu ababezolile, ababeneentloni kumahlathi e-bamboo waqala ukubanjwa ngumfundisi ongumJesuit ongumFrentshi kunye nomphandi u-Armand David ngowe-1869, xa wabona ingubo yoboya eyayinoboya obunomtsalane kwinkundla yoMlawuli waseTshayina: yayibuboya be ipanda enkulu.
Kwakumalunga nama-50 eminyaka kamva apho isazi ngebhayoloji saseJamani u-Hugo Weigold wabona ibhere ephilayo ye-panda kuhambo oluya eTshayina. Kwaye enye iminyaka engama-20 kamva, i-panda yokuqala yafika eNew York, kwaye kamva eYurophu. Iipanda ezinkulu zihlala phantsi. Nangona kunjalo, banokunyuka kakuhle kumasebe aphantsi okanye aphakathi aphezulu. Bakwakwazi ukuqubha. Ubukhulu becala zisebenza ngorhatya nasebusuku, emini ziphumla kumqolomba wazo ozele ngamagqabi.
Izilwanyana zizodwa ngokwenene. Ibhere ngalinye lihlala kummandla oziikhilomitha ezintandathu ezisikweri, nto leyo ewuphawula ngento eyenziwe ngamadlala evumba akhethekileyo. Abasetyhini ngokukodwa bangabanini bendawo engqongqo: abanyamezeli nawaphi na amanye amabhinqa kwindawo engundoqo ye-30 ukuya kwi-40 yeehektare zommandla wabo, kodwa bawagxothe ngaphandle kokukhetha. Iinkunzi ngandlel’ ithile ziyanyamezelana ngokubhekiselele kwi-conspecifics, kodwa zikwathanda ukuphepha enye kwenye.
Kwintsimi yazo, izilwanyana zenza iindlela zokwenyani zokuhamba ezizisebenzisayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukusuka kwiindawo zazo zokulala ukuya kwiindawo zokutya. Iipanda ezinkulu ngabantu abacamngcayo: Ukutya kwazo kuhlwempuzekile kwizondlo kwaye kunzima ukwetyisa, yiyo loo nto zichitha iiyure ezili-14 ngosuku zisitya.
Kuba zona – ngokungafaniyo nezinye iibhere – azikwazi ukuma ngemilenze yazo yangasemva, zihlala ngeempundu zize zibambe uqalo ngamanqina angaphambili. Zibamba amahlumela ngoobhontsi bazo kwaye ngobuchule bahlube amagqabi emasebeni. Emva kwesidlo sazo esinencasa, zithanda ukungqiyama ngeziqu zemithi ukuze ziphumle kwaye ziphumle.
Abahlobo kunye neentshaba ze-panda enkulu
Endle, iipanda ezinkulu zineentshaba ezimbalwa. Noko ke, ngaphambili zazizingelwa ngabantu ngenxa yoboya bazo obuhle.
Zizala njani iipanda ezinkulu?
Ngexesha lexesha lokukhwelana ukusuka ngoMatshi ukuya kuMeyi, iipanda ezinkulu ziye zibe nobuhlobo ngakumbi: amadoda amaninzi ahlala elwela imazi. Ukwenzakala okumandundu akufane kwenzeke. Nabani na ophumeleleyo edabini kunye nemazi ebawayo ekugqibeleni inokukhwelana nemazi.
Noko ke, njengamanye amabhere, iqanda eliqhameyo alizifaki esibelekweni de kube ziintsuku ezingama-45 ukuya kwezili-120 emva kokukhwelana. Kuphela ngoAgasti okanye ngoSeptemba apho ibhere i<em>panda izale ithole elinye okanye amabini. Ngokuqhelekileyo, intshontsho elinye kuphela elikhuliswa ngumama.
Iintsana zePanda zincinci kakhulu: zinobunzima obungama-90 ukuya kwi-130 grams, uboya bazo bumhlophe kwaye busencinci kakhulu. Ngokuchaseneyo nezilwanyana ezindala, zisenomsila omde ngokufanelekileyo. Abancinci abakakwazi kuzinceda ngokupheleleyo kwaye baxhomekeke kumama wabo.
Emva kweeveki ezine babonisa iimpawu zoboya eziqhelekileyo kwaye kuphela emva kweentsuku ezingama-40 ukuya kwezingama-60 apho bavula amehlo abo. Baqalisa ukutya ukutya okuqinileyo malunga neenyanga ezintlanu baze bayeke ukuncancisa unina xa beneenyanga ezisibhozo okanye ezisithoba ubudala. Iibhere ezibizwa ngokuba yiPanda azikwazi ukuzimela de zibe neminyaka enesiqingatha ubudala zize zimshiye unina. Bakhulile ngokwesondo xa beneminyaka emihlanu ukuya kwesixhenxe ubudala.
Zinxibelelana njani iipanda ezinkulu?
Iipanda ezinkulu ziye zaduma – kodwa kunqabile, kwaye xa zisenza njalo, ubukhulu becala ngexesha lokukhwelana.